甘蓝种质资源根肿病抗性鉴定及CRa、Crr1a同源基因分析

利用来源于湖北长阳、陕西太白、河南新野3个地方的根肿病菌对22份不同甘蓝材料进行抗病性鉴定。采用同源比对的方法,对甘蓝基因组中的大白菜抗根肿病同源基因CRa和Crr1a进行分析;同时对不同抗、感根肿病甘蓝材料中的CRa和Crr1a同源基因序列进行了扩增、测序和比对分析。结果表明:供试22份甘蓝材料对3份根肿病菌存在较大的抗感差异,推测来源于3个地区的菌种可能不是同一个生理小种;筛选出的抗性品种BDH3、Chou hybride Tekila、SW-110、CGL-8、先正达品种、SW-109将来可用作根肿病抗源和抗性基因挖掘;在甘蓝7号染色体上存在3个预测基因为CRa的同源基因,分别是Bo7g107710、Bo7g107730和Bo7g107740,其中,Bo7g107730基因在抗病材料SW-110存在较大的序列变异,推测可能与根肿病抗性相关;在甘蓝3号染色体上存在1个预测基因Bo3g164040为Crr1a的同源基因,所分析的抗、感病材料中Bo3g164040基因序列一致性极高,没有发现与抗根肿病有关的位点,说明甘蓝中Bo3g164040基因可能没有根肿病抗性功能。     

玉米重要自交系的肿囊腐霉茎腐病抗性鉴定与评价

由肿囊腐霉菌(Pythium inflatum Matthews)引起的玉米茎腐病是影响玉米产量的一种重要病害。为进一步拓展可利用的抗源,于2010-2011年在田间采用人工接种方法对287份重要的玉米自交系种质进行了玉米茎腐病的抗性鉴定评价。结果表明,287份鉴定材料中有171份自交系对茎腐病的抗性达到中抗以上水平,占鉴定材料的59.58%,其中高抗自交系共43份,占鉴定材料总数的14.98%;感病类型自交系共116份,占鉴定材料的40.42%,其中高感自交系共95份,占鉴定材料总数的33.10%。Lancaster、Reid及P群种质中具有丰富的茎腐病抗源,而塘四平头种质群中茎腐病抗源相对缺乏,多为感病类型。该研究结果可为今后我国玉米茎腐病抗性种质的引进和改良提供重要参考。     

高粱三系抗丝黑穗病鉴定与评价

采用土壤接种技术,对目前我国高粱育种上广泛应用的150份高粱种质资源(包括高粱不育系、保持系和恢复系)进行抗高粱丝黑穗病鉴定评价。经两年重复鉴定,在150份高粱种质中,筛选出对高粱丝黑穗病菌优势小种表现免疫(IM)的47份,占总数的31.3%;高抗(HR)和中抗(MR)的各6份,分别占鉴定材料总数4.0%;抗病(R)的4份,占2.7%;感病(S)的13份,占8.7%;高感(HS)的74份,占49.3%。上述结果表明,目前高粱育种中广泛应用的育种种质中抗丝黑穗病材料较为丰富。     

玉米抗南方锈病种质资源初步鉴定及遗传多样性分析

南方锈病是玉米生产上的重要病害。2013-2015年在广西南宁和北京昌平对903份玉米种质资源进行了抗南方锈病的初步鉴定与评价,并利用SSR标记对筛选出的部分抗性材料进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明,在903份种质中,8份自交系在广西南宁和北京昌平均对南方锈病表现高抗(HR),占总鉴定种质的0.9%;29份材料表现为抗病(R),占比3.2%,包括27份自交系和2份农家种;中抗种质(MR)100份,占比11.1%;感病(S)和高感(HS)种质分别为181和585份,占鉴定材料的20.0%和64.8%。由此可见,玉米资源中高抗南方锈病的种质较为匮乏,在不同地点均表现高抗的材料是难得的抗源。不同地理来源的玉米种质对南方锈病的抗性水平存在较大差异,其中抗性资源较为丰富的是源自内蒙古和山西的种质。42对多态性SSR引物在50份抗锈病材料中,共扩增出141个条带,多态性条带139个,多态位点百分率(PPB)为98.58%。平均等位基因数(Na)1.98,平均有效等位基因数(Ne)1.59,平均Nei's基因多样性(H)0.34,平均多态性信息含量(PIC)0.78,平均Shannon's信息指数(I)0.51;通过UPGMA聚类分析,50份抗病材料被划分为2个类群,其中,第Ⅰ类群又可划分为5个亚类,表现出较高的遗传多样性,为抗病育种中抗源的选择和利用提供参考信息。     

玉米种质资源抗南方锈病鉴定

玉米南方锈病已成为近几年我国夏玉米生产区间歇性暴发流行的病害,对玉米生产构成严重威胁,病害流行年份可造成10%以上的产量损失。目前,已确认的抗病自交系非常有限,而抗病育种急需不同抗性控制背景的自交系。为发掘和丰富可利用的南方锈病抗源,于2008～2012年,在广西南宁采用田间人工接种方法对1589份玉米种质资源进行抗南方锈病鉴定。通过高病害压力和连续多年的鉴定,从1589份玉米种质中鉴定出高抗（HR）材料26份,占鉴定总数的1.64%;抗病（R）材料137份,占鉴定总数的8.62%;中抗（MR）水平的材料382份,占鉴定总数的24.04%;感病（S）材料489份,占鉴定总数的30.77%;高感（HS）材料555份,占鉴定总数的34.93%。总体上抗南方锈病种质较少,引进种质中抗病类型材料的比例略高。经重复鉴定,筛选出赤556等18份自交系、老来秕等3份地方品种、A69等4份来自津巴布韦的材料、引自CIMMYT的Dr11表现稳定高抗南方锈病,为今后我国玉米抗南方锈病育种提供了新的抗性资源。     

我国蚕豆品种资源对蚕豆锈病的抗性鉴定

1998～2000年对241份蚕豆品种(系)进行抗蚕豆锈病鉴定,其中表现高抗(HR)的材料2份,占0.83%;抗病(R)和中抗(MR)的材料131份,占54.36%.中感(MS)和感病(S)材料104份,占43.15%,高感(HS)的材料4份,占1.66%.结果表明,不同地理来源、株高、单株粒数、单株产量及粒重的材料抗性有差异.     

茄子种质资源抗青枯病的鉴定与评价

对304份茄子种质资源进行抗青枯病苗期人工接种鉴定,筛选出免疫材料10份,高抗材料51份,抗病材料35份,中抗材料32份,感病或高感材料176份,分别占鉴定材料的3.3%、16.8%、11.5%、10.5%和57.9%.茄子野生近缘种Solanum sisymbriifolium和S.torvum对青枯病有较强的抗病性,可作为茄子青枯病的抗源材料.获得4份抗青枯病的种间体细胞杂种.茄子对青枯病的抗性遗传较为复杂,主要由多基因控制.     

外引玉米种质对两种穗腐病原镰孢菌抗性鉴定

采用双牙签接种技术,2016-2017年连续2年对从美国、加拿大、罗马尼亚、德国、法国、荷兰等国家引进的177份玉米种质资源抗玉米穗腐病原拟轮枝镰孢(F.verticillioides)和禾谷镰孢(F.graminearum)进行了鉴定。结果表明,鉴定的177份玉米种质资源中,对拟轮枝镰孢表现高抗(HR)的资源2份,占总数的1.13%;抗病(R)38份,占总数的21.47%;中抗(MR)75份,占总数的42.37%;感病(S)48份,占总数的27.12%;高感(HS)14份,占总数的7.91%。177份玉米种质资源中,对禾谷镰孢(F.graminearum)表现抗病(R)12份,占鉴定资源总数的6.78%;中抗(MR)66份,占总数的37.29%;感病(S)64份,占总数的36.16%;高感(HS)35份,占总数的19.77%,未发现对禾谷镰孢菌表现高抗的材料。在177份玉米种质资源中,兼抗两种穗腐病原镰孢菌的种质资源有12份。     

玉米种质资源抗灰斑病鉴定与评价

2001-2004年,于田间应用人工注射接种的方法对413份玉米自交系和59份玉米杂交种进行抗灰斑病(Gray leaf spot)鉴定,筛选出病级1级高抗(HR)自交系6份、3级抗病(R)自交系28份和杂交种7份.鉴定结果表明,在供试的不同玉米自交系及杂交种间的抗病性存在明显差异,而表现高抗的玉米自交系较少,没有发现高抗杂交种.加强玉米抗灰斑病种质资源的收集和评价,对玉米抗病育种非常必要.     

高粱种质资源对黑束病的抗性鉴定与评价

2016-2017年,在人工接种条件下对110份高粱种质资源进行了抗黑束病鉴定与评价研究,拟探明高粱抗病性及不同寄主来源的高粱、玉米黑束病菌致病力差异。110份高粱种质资源中,对高粱来源的黑束病菌(GHS-1)表现免疫(IM)的13份(占11.8%),高抗(HR)的17份(占15.5%),抗病(R)和中抗(MR)的各14份(占25.4%);感病(S)的17份(占15.5%),高感(HS)的35份(占31.8%);对玉米来源的黑束病菌(YHS-1)表现免疫(IM)的21份(占19.1%),高抗(HR)的11份(占10.0%),抗病(R)的15份(占13.6%),中抗(MR)的12份(占10.9%);感病(S)的21份(占19.1%),高感(HS)的30份(占27.3%)。上述结果表明,目前高粱育种中广泛应用的育种种质恢复系中抗黑束病材料较为丰富,且不同寄主来源的高粱和玉米黑束病菌致病力存在差异。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.