茄子EST-SSR分子标记的鉴定及多态性分析

为了加快茄子(Solanumm elongena L.)分子遗传学研究和分子标记辅助育种,对其开展转录组测序,采用软件MISA(MicroSAtellite)对茄子转录组中的SSR位点进行搜索,共检测出5 562个SSR位点,分布于3 438条Unigene中,出现频率为13.23%,平均分布距离为9.73 Kb。三核苷酸和二核苷酸重复出现频率占优势,分别有3 546个和1 270个,分别占总SSR的63.75%和22.83%。利用Primer 3.0设计引物,随机选择其中20 bp以上SSR序列的100对引物进行合成,92对引物实现有效扩增,占100对SSR引物的92%,从有效扩增引物随机选取30对引物对29份茄子材料进行扩增及多态性评价,30对均有多态性差异。通过UPGMA作图,供试的29份不同的茄子材料被划分为2类。基于茄子转录组测序开发的EST-SSR标记具有较高的可用性,为茄子种质鉴定、亲缘关系分析及遗传图谱构建等提供更丰富的标记来源。     

诸氏鲻虾虎鱼转录组序列中微卫星标记的初步筛选及特征分析

旨在为大规模开发诸氏鲻虾虎鱼微卫星标记,采用高通量测序技术,对诸氏鲻虾虎鱼肝脏转录组进行了测序。结果共获得47 979条Unigenes,利用微卫星查找程序在47 979条Unigenes中共获得6 225个微卫星位点(12.97%),平均每7.02 kb就出现1个微卫星位点。6 225个微卫星位点由226种重复基序组成,主要分布在三、四和五碱基重复类型中。在数量上,单碱基重复类型微卫星位点最多,占42.49%,二碱基和三碱基重复类型所占比例相似,分别为25.22%和26.27%,四、五、六重复类型较少,合计占6.03%。单碱基重复序列中最多的类型为A/T,二碱基重复序列中以AG/CT重复单元为主,三碱基重复序列中以AGC/TCG为优势类型。挑选部分二、三和四单元重复类型微卫星序列,共设计76对引物,可稳定扩增出目的条带的有55对,其中32对具有多态性。结果表明,利用诸氏鲻虾虎鱼转录组数据可快速大量开发微卫星标记。     

杂交兰转录组SSR信息分析及EST-SSR标记开发应用

该研究主要开发筛选适用于杂交兰的EST-SSR引物,为杂交兰种质资源评价和遗传变异研究等提供可靠的分子标记。该研究对杂交兰进行转录组高通量测序,挖掘SSR位点和开发EST-SSR标记,并对不同种质的遗传多样性进行分析。结果表明,从31724条杂交兰Unigene中检测出18603个SSR位点,SSR出现频率为58.64%;SSR位点中的主导类型是单核苷酸重复,占总SSR的65.10%,其次是二核苷酸(23.56%)和三核苷酸(10.76%)重复;优势重复基元为A/T、AG/CT、AT/AT和AAG/CTT,分别占总位点的64.72%、13.74%、8.19%和2.51%。利用Primer Premier 5.0共设计了565对SSR引物,从筛选出的64对有效扩增引物中随机选择28对引物,对40份杂交兰种质进行多态性验证与遗传关系分析,其中16对(占57.14%)引物表现出可重复的高多态性,平均多态信息量(PIC)达0.789。基于扩增的多态性SSR信息,40份种质资源可聚为4类,聚类结果与其遗传背景基本一致。该研究印证了转录组测序获得的Unigene是SSR标记开发的有效来源,开发的EST-SSR引物可为杂交兰及近缘种的良种鉴别、遗传图谱构建、分子标记辅助育种及功能基因挖掘等提供有价值的候选标记。     

华仁杏幼果转录组SSR信息分析及其分子标记开发

为了解华仁杏微卫星(SSR)分布规律,开发EST-SSR引物,为华仁杏种质资源评价与辅助育种提供有效的鉴定标记。本研究采用生物信息学方法对华仁杏幼果转录组SSR位点的数量、频率、分布特征进行了统计分析;利用转录组数据进行了SSR引物的筛选和开发,并利用开发出的引物对华仁杏29个无性系进行了多态位点检测和鉴定。结果表明:华仁杏幼果EST-SSR的分布频率为19.21%,重复单元的重复次数分布在5~24次之间,优势重复基序为单核苷酸、2核苷酸、3核苷酸,分别占总SSR的19.81%、46.47%、32.49%。参试的139对引物中有39对引物可扩增出目标序列,其中24对引物可检测出多态性位点,占参试引物总数的17.27%。24对引物在29个华仁杏无性系中共检测出了170个等位基因位点,多态性信息含量(PIC)介于0.33~0.87之间,平均为0.64,其中高多态性引物19条,占多态性引物比例的79.2%。本研究对华仁杏转录组SSR信息进行了分析,并开发出了19对高多态性SSR引物,5对中多态性引物,为华仁杏种质资源评价及分子标记辅助育种提供了基础。     

龙眼顶芽转录组简单重复序列(SSR)标记信息分析及分子标记开发

随着新一代测序技术的发展,大量的转录组数据和表达序列标签(EST)成为开发简单重复序列(SSR)标记的可利用资源。本研究利用MISA软件筛选龙眼(Dimocarpus longan)顶芽转录组数据库序列,从114 445条龙眼转录组unigene序列中发现11 546个SSR位点,SSR出现频率为10.09%。其中1 975条unigene含有两个或两个以上EST-SSR位点,占所有SSR位点的比例为17.10%,SSR出现的平均距离为7.52 kb。从龙眼转录组SSR核苷酸基序类型来看,二核苷酸(52.11%)和三核苷酸(46.15%)出现频率最高,占所有核苷酸出现频率的99.26%。在龙眼转录组SSR中二核苷酸重复基元出现频率最高的是AG/CT(4 250个,占36.81%),三核苷酸重复基元出现频率最高的是AAG/CTT(1 109个,占9.61%)。对含SSR位点的9 571条unigene序列进行引物设计,共设计出了8 347对SSR位点特异引物。随机挑选合成50对EST-SSR引物,以‘石硖’、‘储良’、‘古山2号’、‘立冬本’等四份龙眼材料的基因组DNA为模板对这批引物进行PCR扩增、筛选,结果表明,其中21对引物能产生理想的PCR产物,有效扩增率为42%;16对引物扩增条带具有多态性,占有效引物的76.2%;16对多态性引物共扩增获得50个条带,其中多态性片段21个,每对引物平均产生1.31个多态性片段。     

基于转录组的白沙蒿SSR分子标记的开发

[目的]利用转录组数据开发白沙蒿的SSR分子标记,探索其分布特点并对SSR引物进行有效性检测。[方法]以9个不同样品白沙蒿转录组数据为基础,利用MISA软件对1kb以上的Unigenes进行筛选;把重复序列单元相同、重复次数存在差异、侧翼序列长度完全相同的SSR位点作为引物合成的标准,采用PCR技术和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对其有效性进行初步验证。[结果]在20 149条Unigenes中共检测出5 692个SSR位点,发生频率为22.95%,平均每隔6.66 kb出现1个位点。优势重复单元单、三、二核苷酸分别占总SSR位点的52.09%、28.30%和17.38%。经过验证筛选出具有多态性且扩增条带清晰的引物18对。[结论]印证了利用白沙蒿转录组测序产生的Unigene信息可作为开发SSR标记的有效来源,且开发的有效SSR引物可用于后续群体的相关研究中。     

基于枇杷转录组序列的SSR分子标记引物开发

为获得更多的枇杷SSR引物,对枇杷转录组测序得到的1 kb以上的11 798条Unigenes进行SSR位点搜索。结果在3515 条Unigenes（6.77%）中共获得4438个SSR位点,其中主要重复类型为双碱基重复和三碱基重复,二者占SSR总数的68.27%,而四、五、六碱基重复类型较少,仅占1.42%。对选出的SSR标记采用Primer3进行引物设计,得到7911 对SSR位点特异引物,可用于枇杷遗传多样性分析、分子标记辅助育种、育种群体的建立等研究。     

烟草叶绿体基因组和线粒体基因组SSR位点分析

利用生物信息学方法对烟草叶绿体和线粒体基因组数据中的SSR信息进行了分析.结果表明,在叶绿体和线粒体基因组中分别获得186和578个SSR位点,SSR间的平均距离分别为838 bp和745 bp.在SSR的分布区域上,绝大多数SSR位点分布在UTR(尤其是5’UTR)区域;在SSR重复碱基类型上,主要集中在二、三碱基重复,二者占总SSR位点的90％以上,其中三碱基重复类型丰度最高.利用全部657对SSR引物在供试的10份烟草材料中进行扩增,发现所有引物均能获得目的片段,但在普通烟草内品种间并未检测到多态性,而在烟草种间有26对叶绿体基因组SSR引物和178对线粒体基因组SSR引物扩增出多态性条带,表明来源于烟草叶绿体基因组和线粒体基因组的SSR标记适合用于烟草种间进化、分类、遗传多样性等方面研究.     

基于转录组数据的荔枝蒂蛀虫SSR位点信息分析

荔枝蒂蛀虫Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley是专一性危害我国荔枝和龙眼的重要害虫。简单重复序列标记(Simple sequence repeat,SSR)为短串联重复序列或微卫星标记,其在荔枝蒂蛀虫偏嗜选择寄主的遗传进化机制研究和荔枝蒂蛀虫综合治理中具有重要意义。本研究基于高通量测序获得的荔枝蒂蛀虫转录组数据,利用MISA软件从68996条转录组unigenes结果中发掘出10521个SSR位点,出现频率为15.25%。荔枝蒂蛀虫转录组中SSR的主要重复类型为单碱基重复,占SSR总数的66.22%。其次是三碱基重复,占SSR总数的24.94%。在发现的33种重复基元中共筛选获得8种优势重复基元,其中A/T在单碱基重复基元中所占的比例达98.55%。基于筛选的SSR设计的9对引物中,有4对引物得到扩增预期大小的条带。荔枝蒂蛀虫SSR位点的信息分析将为探究荔枝蒂蛀虫种群遗传结构、遗传多样性和进化关系、害虫综合治理等研究提供重要科学依据。     

基于转录组测序信息的水生植物莕菜SSR标记开发

利用软件MISA对水生植物莕菜转录组测序所获得的79536条EST序列进行分析,共检测出12319个EST-SSR位点。在莕菜的EST-SSR中,二核苷酸和三核苷酸重复单元是主导类型,分别占总SSR的57.31%和30.87%,其中AG/CT、AAG/CTT分别是二、三重复单元类型的优势重复基元,分别占总SSR的29.76%和8.66%。随机挑选了130对EST-SSR引物对莕菜两个居群进行遗传多样性检测,结果发现：78对引物能扩增出清晰可分辨的条带,其中37对能成功检测出多态性,引物多态率为 47.44%。这些多态性引物共检测出114个等位基因,每个位点2~6个,平均3.08个。观测杂合度（H_o）及预期杂合度（H_e）分别在0.229~1.000和0.351~0.756之间,多态信息含量PIC值在0.286~0.698之间,平均达0.495。以上研究结果表明,通过莕菜转录组测序产生的EST数据来开发SSR标记是一种简单而高效的途径,这些新的SSR分子标记为研究莕菜的居群遗传多样性及其遗传结构提供了工具。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.