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从南极普里兹湾深海沉积物中筛选到一株产低温脂肪酶的菌株7195,细菌学形态鉴定及16S rDNA序列分析表明该菌株属于嗜冷杆菌属 (Psychrobacter). 生长特性研究表明该菌株属于耐冷菌,其最适生长温度范围为5~15°C, 7195菌株能利用多种碳、氮源产酶.粗酶液经硫酸铵盐析、DEAE cellulose-52 柱层析进行初步分离纯化后进行酶学性质的研究. 该菌株所分泌的脂肪酶最适作用温度为30°C,最适pH值为9.0,对热敏感,60°C热处理10min剩余酶活为30%,是典型的低温酶. Ca2+、Mn2+、Cu2+对该酶有较为明显的激活作用,而Co2+、Zn2+、Hg2+、Rb2+、Cd2+、Fe3+、EDTA则能抑制酶活,此外该脂肪酶能在高浓度的SDS、CHAPS、Triton X-100、Tween 80、Tween20等变性剂中表现出较好的稳定性.  相似文献   

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目的:对一株低温耐热脂肪酶产生菌Pseudomonas RT-7进行产酶、纯化和特性研究.方法和结果:该菌的发酵液经50%硫铵沉淀、DEAE-Sepharose及Sephacryl S-100分离获得了纯化的脂肪酶(PL-7).SDS-PAGE电泳估算其表观分子量为44kDa,对底物特异性、作用温度、作用pH和耐热性的研究表明该酶为碱性脂肪酶,最适温度在15~20℃.该酶对C≤12链长的甘油三酯有较好的水解能力.该酶具有在低温和高温下稳定而在中温下不稳定的特点:表现为该酶经60℃30min处理后残余酶活高达93.33%,90℃处理30min后残余酶活仍有35.19%,而在40℃处理30min酶活仅残余28.23%.结论:该酶为低温碱性脂肪酶并在高温条件下具有很好的耐热性.  相似文献   

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一株产蛋白酶南极耐冷细菌的筛选及研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
从南极中山站地区分离到1株产胞外酸性蛋白酶的革兰氏阴性杆菌,该菌能在7度,20度及30度生长并产酶;其最适生长温度在20度左右,不耐盐。碳源物质中,葡萄糖对菌株的生长有利,但对蛋白酶的生成影响不大。氮源物质中,蛋白胨对菌株的生长及蛋白酶的生成效果最好,而(NH4)2SO4则是效果最好的无机氮源。该菌所产胞外蛋白酶占其蛋白酶总量的83.2%,蛋白酶反应的最适温度为40度,最适PH为5;酶活力在35度以下保持稳定,直接以酪蛋白液为培养基,在20度条件下对该菌进行摇瓶培养,6d后菌液浓度及产酶量皆到达高值并基本保持稳定,而以LB培养基(Luria-Bertani培养基)在相同条件下培养该菌,3d后菌液浓度即到达高值并基本保持稳定,酶活力则在2d后到达高值。  相似文献   

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【背景】国家农业绿色发展和乡村振兴战略中,微生物肥料不可或缺。低温适应型菌株对于研制耐低温、抗冷害胁迫的微生物肥料具有重要意义。【目的】从南极耐冷菌中筛选具有解磷、解硅、合成铁载体和吲哚-3-乙酸(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)能力的低温植物促生菌(plant growth-promoting bacteria, PGPB),通过盆栽试验验证和评估低温PGPB菌剂的促生能力,为低温微生物肥料的开发和应用提供优质的菌种资源。【方法】分别使用国际植物研究所磷酸盐生长培养基(National Botanical Research Institute’s phosphate growth medium, NBRIP)、硅酸盐培养基、铬天青(chrome azurol S, CAS)培养基及R2A培养基筛选出具有解磷、解硅、合成铁载体和产IAA多重促生功能的菌株,制备成复合菌剂,并通过矮生番茄盆栽试验评估该复合菌剂的促生效果。【结果】筛选获得6株促生功能多样的南极耐冷菌,其中,明显分开泛菌(Pantoea eucrina) DA-1和马氏副球菌(Paracoccus marcusii) CC-25具有较强的解磷和解硅能力(>85.20 µg/mL)以及良好的铁载体和IAA合成能力,菌株DA-1解磷能力最强,达到105.03 µg/mL;霍氏肠杆菌(Enterobacter hormaechei) GW4-59和圆孢芽孢八叠球菌(Sporosarcina globispora) Z1-38具备3个促生指标,菌株GW4-59具有较强的解磷、解硅和IAA合成能力(>93.12 µg/mL),解硅能力最强,达到160.50 µg/mL;菌株Z1-38具有解硅、铁载体和IAA合成能力,铁载体合成率为57.64%;佩尔加米诺假单胞菌(Pseudomonas pergaminensis) ZS5-60和南极假单胞菌(Pseudomonas antarctica) ZS9-60具备2个促生指标,菌株ZS5-60具有较强的解磷和解硅能力(>82.22µg/mL),菌株ZS9-60的铁载体和IAA合成能力较强,IAA产量为116.71 µg/mL。盆栽试验结果表明6株低温PGPB制备的复合菌剂能够显著促进番茄的生长,番茄发芽率、株高、茎粗、根鲜重和结果数分别增加了54.0%、22.3%、29.2%、30.4%和66.0%。【结论】南极环境蕴含丰富的低温PGPB资源,制备的低温复合菌剂可促进番茄生长和发育,为研制适合高纬度农业区及抗低温冷害的微生物肥料提供了优质菌种资源和实践基础。  相似文献   

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Pseudomonas sp. RT-1是从低温环境下分离的低温脂肪酶产生菌,对该菌产生的胞外脂肪酶(PL-1)进行纯化,并对其酶学特性进行初步研究。Pseudomonas sp. RT-1的发酵上清液经60%(NH4)2SO4沉淀、12~14000截留相对分子质量(MWCO)透析袋透析、Sephadex G75分子筛和超滤浓缩后,得到了电泳纯的P-L1。SDS-PAGE电泳估算其表观相对分子质量为4.43×104。对其酶学特性研究表明:PL-1是低温碱性脂肪酶且对有机溶剂的耐受性较好。10~40℃内有较好的催化活性,最适作用温度为18℃;0~50℃该酶的稳定性较好,当温度超过50℃时则容易失活;最适作用pH为10.2,且pH在9~11时较稳定;该酶对有机溶剂的耐受性较好,10mmol/L的Ca2+、K+、Na+和Fe3+对PL1的酶活力有促进作用,其中Ca2+促进作用最大,提高了146.07%,而10mmol/L的Cu2+、Co2+、Mn2+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Ba2+和Al3+对酶活力具有不同程度的抑制作用,其中Al3+抑制作用最强,抑制了98.55%;PL-1对C链长度小于或等于12的短链脂肪酸形成的甘油三酯具有较强的水解能力;1mmol/L的去氧胆酸盐(desoxycholate)和0.01%的Triton X100对酶活力具有提高作用,分别提高了30.74%和11.83%;0.01%的SDS和Tween-80、1mmol/L的EDTA和尿素对酶活都有抑制作用,其中EDTA的抑制作用最大,抑制了80%。  相似文献   

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产低温脂肪酶菌株Psychrobacter sp.7342的筛选及粗酶性质研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
从南北极环境土样中筛选到1株产脂肪酶细菌7342,16SrDNA序列分析表明该菌株属于Psychrobacter sp..p-NPP法研究显示,菌株7342所产粗酶液的最适温度为30℃、最适pH值为8.0,对热较稳定;Co2+和Cs+对粗酶液有激活作用,而Na+、Sr2+等7种金属离子对其均有不同程度的抑制作用;粗酶液能在高浓度的SDS、Tween20等变性剂中表现出较好的稳定性.  相似文献   

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何腾霞  徐义  李振轮 《微生物学报》2015,55(8):991-1000
摘要:【目的】反硝化细菌在生物脱氮中具有重要作用,而耐冷亚硝酸盐型反硝化细菌研究较少,本文从长期淹水的冬水田泥土分离获得一株耐冷高效去除亚硝酸盐氮和总氮的好氧反硝化细菌Y-11,明确其分类地位以及除氮特性,以期为后续利用该菌在初冬到春末处理亚硝酸盐水体污染奠定基础。【方法】通过形态学特征、特异性磷脂脂肪酸以及16S rRNA基因测序分析对该菌株进行鉴定;在好氧条件下以亚硝酸钠为唯一氮源,分别研究不同初始温度、转速、pH、碳源、接种量以及亚硝酸盐氮浓度对该菌去除亚硝酸盐氮和总氮的影响,确定最适降解条件。【结果】分离得到的菌株Y-11,经鉴定归于托拉斯假单胞菌(Pseudomonas tolaasii);在国内外尚无该种菌具有反硝化作用的报道,是对亚硝酸盐型反硝化细菌的进一步补充。Y-11菌株的最适脱氮条件为15 ℃,200 r/min,pH7.0,100 mL反硝化培养基中最适接种量为1.5×108 CFU,最佳碳源为乙酸钠,亚硝酸盐氮为10 mg/L;以乙酸钠为电子供体,15 ℃、初始pH为7.2、150 r/min 振荡培养,48 h对亚硝酸盐氮和总氮的去除率分别为100%和61.28%。【结论】Y-11是一株具有较高反硝化能力的托拉斯假单胞菌,能高效地去除亚硝酸盐氮和总氮,其最适温度是15 ℃左右,是一株耐冷反硝化细菌。  相似文献   

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The Antarctic psychrotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae contains a 66-kDa cytoplasmic protein which was found to by phosphorylated on a tyrosine residue [Ray, M.K. et al. (1994) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 122, pp. 49-54]. To investigate the nature of the cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase and its role in the bacterial physiology, we carried out some biochemical studies of the enzyme in vitro in the presence of exogenous peptide substrates and expression studies in vivo at low and high temperature during various phases of growth. The results suggest that the protein tyrosine kinase associated with the cytoplasmic fraction of the bacterium has certain similarities and dissimilarities with the known eukaryotic tyrosine kinases. The protein tyrosine kinase could phosphorylate exogenous substrate corresponding to the N-terminal peptide of p34cdc2 kinase but could not do so on poly(Glu:Tyr). The enzyme could not be inhibited by genistein, staurosporine and dimethyl aminopurine, but could be inhibited by piceatannol which is a known competitive inhibitor of the peptide binding site of mammalian protein tyrosine kinases. The enzyme activity in the cytoplasm is uniquely inhibited by sodium orthovanadate (IC50 = 20 microM) which is a known protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor. The expression studies show that the enzyme is produced more at a higher temperature (22 degrees C) of growth than at lower temperature (4 degrees C) and during the stationary phase of growth of P. syringae.  相似文献   

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从南极普利兹湾深海900米深的沉积物中提取获得宏基因组DNA,并通过设计引物,从中克隆到全长为948bp的低温脂肪酶(lip3)开放阅读框完整序列,该基因编码一个由315个氨基酸残基组成、预计分子质量为34.557ku酶蛋白(Lip3);氨基酸序列上的GFGNS(GXGXS)和G-N-S-M-G(GXSXG)在许多脂肪酶中有很高的保守性,它们是水解机制所必需的序列,也是丝氨酸水解酶中最保守的序列.构建了lip3基因重组表达载体,并在大肠杆菌中获得表达,采用镍离子亲和层析柱对表达的酶蛋白Lip3进行纯化,得到约35ku蛋白条带,酶学性质的分析表明,该酶的最适作用温度为25℃,在0℃时表现为最高活力的22%,最适pH值为8.0,对热敏感,35℃热处理60min剩余酶活为10%,以硝基苯棕榈酸酯为底物,Lip3的酶促反应常数Km值随着反应温度的升高而升高,是典型的低温酶.  相似文献   

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AIMS: This study investigated the effect of growth conditions on proteolytic activity of a Pseudomonas strain, named Pseudomonas sp. LBSA1, isolated from bulk raw milk. It was compared with three Pseudomonas chlororaphis and one Pseudomonas fluorescens strain from culture collections. METHODS AND RESULTS: Bacteriae were grown in a minimal salt medium. For all the strains, addition of 1% (v/v) skim milk to the growth medium was sufficient to induce protease production in 48-h culture. Addition of 1 mmol l(-1) calcium chloride permitted the detection of proteolytic activity of four strains in 48-h cultures but not for Pseudomonas sp. LBSA1. The five strains presented two patterns of proteolytic activity when grown in the minimal salt medium supplemented with 2% (v/v) skim milk at various temperatures for 48 h. Two electrophoretic protease patterns were also obtained from the zymogram of extracellular medium for the five strains. CONCLUSIONS: The growth conditions permitting protease production are variable and do not depend on the genus of the producing strain. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: For the first time a study on proteolytic activity of P. chlororaphis strains is reported. Among the tested criteria, zymograms of extracellular medium were the only ones that permitted distinguishing the P. chlororaphis strains from the P. fluorescens strain.  相似文献   

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Abstract

A lipase-producing bacterium isolated from raw milk was identified as Serratia grimesii based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The extracellular lipase was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and ultrafiltration. Maximal activity was observed at 10°C, the optimum pH was 8.0 and the enzyme was stable at 5–30°C for 1 h. The Km and Vmax values were 1.7 mM and 0.3 mM/min respectively. It was found that the lipase had the highest hydrolytic activity towards sunflower oil and soybean oil. CaCl2 had a stimulatory effect on lipase activity, while EDTA and iodoacetic acid slightly inhibited the lipase activity and the enzyme was strongly inhibited by PMSF. The enzyme was compatible with various non-ionic surfactants as well as sodium cholate and saponin. In addition, the enzyme was relatively stable towards oxidizing agents. This lipase exhibited maximum activity in 35% n-hexane retaining about 2191% activity for 1 h.  相似文献   

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Nine fructo-oligosaccharides, synthesized in vitro from sucrose by an enzyme preparation from asparagus roots, were isolated and their structures were elucidated to be 1F (1-β-fructofuranosyl)n sucrose [n = 1 (1-kestose), 2 (nystose) and 3], 6G (1-β-fructofuranosyl)n sucrose [n=1 (neokestose), 2 and 3] and 1F (1-β-fructofuranosyl)m-6G (1-β-fructofuranosyl)n sucrose [m=1, n=1; m=2, n =1; and m =1, n=2]. These saccharides are all known to occur naturally in asparagus roots, but 6G (1-β-fructofuranosyl)3 sucrose and 1F (1-β-fructofuranosyl)m-6G-(1-β-fructofuranosyl)n sucrose (m=1, n =1; and m=1, n=2) were the first saccharides enzymatically synthesized in vitro. Also three types of fructosyltransferases were presumed to be involved in the biosynthesis of these oligosaccharides in asparagus roots.  相似文献   

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The Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase-catalyzed transesterification of 2-methyl alkanols 1 and the 2-substituted oxiranemethanols 2 with vinyl acetate in organic solvents has been studied and the results discussed in terms of steric and electronic demand within the recently postulated models of the lipase active site.  相似文献   

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Cold adaptation in Arctic and Antarctic fungi   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10  
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