濒危植物南方红豆杉种群克隆生长空间格局与动态

在南方红豆杉集中的广西元宝山林设置样地．采用相邻格子样方法和T形距离取样离法调查取样 。应用方差/均值比的t检验法判定种群分布格局类型,用负二项参数 格林指数、Moristita指数 、丛生指标、平均拥挤度和聚块性指数、T形距离指数等方法测度集聚强测度,对南方红豆杉种群克隆生长的空间格局及动态进行研究。结果表明：整个种群在10mX10m、10mX5m、3mX2m等不同空间尺度下均表现为集聚分布格局,但集群强度不高。在种群生活史中,从幼苗到大构树,集群程度减小,大树呈随机分布。南方红豆杉有强烈的萌生能力,大量产生萌生分株,幼苗期剧烈的种内和种间竞争作用,导致个体密度下降、集群程度降低,种群表现扩散趋势,而小树、中龄树因占据了所需的生态位空间,种内竞争相对减缓,集聚强度有所增强,随个体生态位空间的扩张,种内和种间竞争重新加剧,种群密度下降,种群空间格局转为随机分布。南方红豆杉种群不同大小级分布格局这种动态变化反映了种群在生长发育过程中的生态策略和适应机制。     

元宝山南方红豆杉种群分布格局及动态

采用相邻格子样方法取样数据,应用方差 /均值比的t检验法、负二项参数、格林指数、Cassie指标、扩散型指数、丛生指标、平均拥挤度和聚块性指数等方法及分布模型,研究了南方红豆杉种群的空间分布格局及其动态.结果表明,南方红豆杉种群空间格局为集群分布,从幼苗到大树,其集群程度减小,大树呈随机分布.     

皖南山区南方红豆杉种群不同龄级立木的点格局分析

采用点格局分析方法O-ring统计,利用Programita软件对皖南山区霞乡村和仙寓山的南方红豆杉种群不同龄级个体的分布格局及其相互关系进行了分析.结果表明：霞乡村南方红豆杉种群各尺度下均表现为随机分布,而仙寓山南方红豆杉种群在2～25 m的空间尺度上呈随机分布,＜2 m尺度上为集群分布;仙寓山种群Ⅰ龄级在＜5 m尺度上呈集群分布,而高龄级个体在较多尺度上有偏离随机分布的倾向.随着龄级差距的加大,南方红豆杉幼龄个体与其他个体的空间负关联逐渐显现,而相邻龄级在空间分布上相互独立,关联性很小.南方红豆杉种群的这种空间关系有利于其对资源环境的有效利用,随着个体的生长,南方红豆杉种群的空间分布有一个从聚集到随机的过渡.     

元宝山南方红豆杉克隆种群分布格局的分形特征

南方红豆杉(Taxus chinensis var. mairei)是提取抗癌药物紫杉醇的珍贵资源植物。分布于广西元宝山自然保护区的南方红豆杉,自然状态下以克隆繁殖方式进行种群更新,研究其种群克隆生长的空间分布格局,可揭示种群克隆繁殖特性和生态适应机制,对南方红豆杉这一珍稀濒危物种的保护和管理具有重要意义。利用分形理论中的计盒维数和信息维数,对元宝山的南方红豆杉克隆种群空间分布格局的分形特征进行了分析,结果表明:种群空间分布格局存在分形特征,其计盒维数介于0.993 1~1.353 1之间,信息维数介于1.350 8~1.652 1。南方红豆杉克隆种群格局的计盒维数远离最大理论维数值2,种群总体对空间的占据能力较弱。克隆构型指数与种群计盒维数密切相关。分析结果显示,克隆构型趋于“密集型”的种群具有较强的空间占据能力,而克隆构型趋于“游击型”的种群其空间占据能力较弱。信息维数与种群的集聚强度密切相关,其差异反映了种群格局强度的变化,较大的信息维数反映种群个体的集聚强度较高,而较小的信息维数则反映出种群个体间的集聚强度较弱,其维数值大小与分株种群数量、分株种群斑块的空间配置密切相关。     

山西省南方红豆杉自然分布与群落生态学特征

南方红豆杉为国家Ⅰ级重点保护植物,山西省东南部为其自然分布最北界.本文调查了南方红豆杉在山西省的野生分布,对其进行了群落划分、物种多样性、结构特征和竞争特性的研究.结果表明: 山西省南方红豆杉主要形成南方红豆杉+鹅耳枥群落、南方红豆杉-荆条群落、南方红豆杉-海州常山群落和南方红豆杉+栓皮栎群落,集中分布于陵川县磨河和阳城县蟒河自然保护区,其他地区均为散生;群落垂直结构明显,南方红豆杉已进入主林层,混交林林冠层高8~10 m,纯林高5～6 m;群落间的总体物种多样性指数和均匀度指数存在显著差异.南方红豆杉植株矮小,平均高5.16 m,乔木层、演替层分别占43.4%和56.6%,更新层缺乏;胸径＜16 cm的个体占67.6%,胸径32～40 cm的个体占4.0%,幼苗稀少,仅发现4株幼苗;大量的小径级个体虽可保证南方红豆杉在一定时间内维持稳定的种群结构,但幼苗缺失必将引起未来种群的衰退.山西省野生南方红豆杉分布相对集中,多数是小径级个体,导致其种内竞争激烈,种内竞争强度占61.8%;鹅耳枥和栓皮栎是研究地区的主要组成树种,对南方红豆杉造成的种间竞争压力最大.     

元宝山南方红豆杉种群结构——Ⅱ、高度结构

在资源调查的基础上选择样地 ,采用样方调查法研究红豆杉种群高度结构 ,结果表明南方红豆杉种群是通过茎干萌生幼苗 (构件 )来延续和扩大的 ,其结构为塔型 ,存活曲线为中间微凸而近于直线 ,是稳定型种群结构。幼苗幼树级占 95.3% ,其次为高度 9.1～ 11m的成年树级 ,占 1.6 %。为了扩大和延续 ,南方红豆杉种群通过大量萌生 (繁殖 )构件并进行自我调节 ,使幼树幼苗有较高的死亡率 ;种群个体进入优势层后 ,高度生长缓慢 ,而径向生长加快 ,因此 9.1～ 11m级数量增多。种间种内竞争的结果形成南方红豆杉种群世代不同大小个体的高度结构。南方红豆杉种群高度与胸径的关系为幂函数相关关系 ,高度与年龄 (<6 0 a)的关系为线性相关关系     

杭州五云山米槠种群幼苗大小结构及空间分布格局研究

采用相邻格子法研究了杭州五云山米槠种群幼苗的大小结构 ,分析了不同立木级幼苗的死亡率及死亡动态和原因。采用“方差 /均值”法 ,Lloyd聚块性指标m /m等指数测定了各立木级米槠幼苗的空间分布格局 ,并探讨了用不同样方取样情况下空间格局的变化情况。结果表明 ,该区米槠幼苗库比较丰富 ,平均 3 3株·m-2 ,大小结构呈显著的金字塔型 ,表明种群为增长型种群。各大小级幼苗死亡率不同 ,从Ⅰ级到Ⅴ级呈波状起伏 ,有两个死亡高峰。采用不同样方取样均表明种群分布格局为集群分布。米槠幼苗种群的集群分布主要是由米槠种子的散布特性所致 ,不同大小级幼苗分布格局的变化是种内种间竞争的结果。     

施秉云台山南方红豆杉种群空间分布格局研究

种群空间分布格局能够反映个体在水平空间上的相互关系。本研究通过对施秉白云岩喀斯特地区的南方红豆杉群落进行研究,用6个聚集度指标分析其空间分布格局。结果表明,南方红豆杉种群年龄结构属于倒壶形,种群属于衰退型,呈下降趋势,没有幼年个体,中、老年个体较多;聚集度指标表明南方红豆杉为集群分布。     

粤北南方红豆杉植物群落的物种多样性和种群格局

在用样方法取样的基础上 ,分析粤北南方红豆杉生长地植物群落的物种多样性和种群分布格局 ,结果表明 :在调查地南方红豆杉出现于 5种类型的群落中 ;从物种多样性指数的平均值来看 ,灌木层的物种多样性大于乔木层 ,但乔木层和灌木层之间的 Shannon指数和群落均匀度无明显的差异 ;从乔木层和灌木层的变异系数看 ,丰富度、Shannon指数和群落均匀度均表现为乔木层 >灌木层。所调查的南方红豆杉生长地的植物群落的多样性指数和均匀度高于其他类群的南亚热带常绿阔叶林 ,但低于海南岛的热带雨林类群。南方红豆杉生长地植物群落中各优势种群均呈集群分布 ,且集群强度也都较高。南方红豆杉种群在大多数样地中亦呈集群分布     

大青沟森林植物群落主要木本植物种群分布格局及动态的研究

本文运用方差／均值比率法及聚集强度的某些指数研究了大青沟森林植物群落主要木本植物种群的分布格局及其动态。主要木本植物种群的分布格局大多为集群型,只有部分群落中大果榆、色木槭及家榆种群为随机分布。格局动态的分析表明,水曲柳、黄菠萝、春榆、大果榆种群幼苗—幼树—小树—中树—大树分布格局由集群分布逐渐变为随机分布,而蒙古栎由于较强的萌生性,大树阶段仍为集群分布。分析表明影响种群分布格局的因子大致可归纳为两类：一是物种本身的生物学特性,二是由环境条件引起的种内种间竞争;方差／均值比率法是一种较好的分析种群分布格局的方法。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.