华北区前寒武纪叠层石组合序列

前寒武系在华北区分布广泛,尤以元古代地层发育齐全,层序清楚,含多种类型的叠层石。本区不同时代的叠层石组合,相互区别明显,对其组合顺序进行深入研究,在解决这个时代的地层划分、对比和生物进化等方面都具有实际意义。过去对本区叠层石和叠层石组合的研究,多限于局部地区和少数层段。本文拟在前人工作的基础上,对整个华北前寒武纪叠层石组合顺序做一总结,并就其组合的洲际对比作     

云南东川前寒武纪叠层石类型与找矿意义北大核心CSCD

根据云南东川矿区前寒武纪地层中叠层石的形态,按叠层石的总貌、主要分型特征和细微结构,提出了在野外较易分辨的类、型、体三级命名方案。通过分析东川地区前寒武纪叠层石形成环境、矿体特征、与"东川式"铜矿有关的岩相特征,以及在不同的沉积环境内,叠层石组合和相应的沉积相的变化规律,提出潮间环境及浅水泻湖环境是成矿重要的有利区域,叠层石组合和沉积相对于"东川式"铜矿空间分布具有指示意义。     

云南东川前寒武纪叠层石类型与找矿意义

根据云南东川矿区前寒武纪地层中叠层石的形态,按叠层石的总貌、主要分型特征和细微结构,提出了在野外较易分辨的类、型、体三级命名方案。通过分析东川地区前寒武纪叠层石形成环境、矿体特征、与"东川式"铜矿有关的岩相特征,以及在不同的沉积环境内,叠层石组合和相应的沉积相的变化规律,提出潮间环境及浅水泻湖环境是成矿重要的有利区域,叠层石组合和沉积相对于"东川式"铜矿空间分布具有指示意义。     

中国叠层石研究进展

叠层石学科是在迂回曲折的道路上发展起来的.经中国前寒武纪古生物学家的共同努力,我国叠层石研究取得多项成就,主要有:建立了华北元古宙叠层石组合序列;对某些新元古代叠层石的微生物组分和微生物席特征进行了初步揭示;从理论上对矿化叠层石的成因提出了解释;提出假裸枝叠层石科(Pseudogymnosolenaceae)可作为中元古代地层对比的重要标志;利用雾迷山组的叠层石标本开展了古生物钟研究的尝试以及探明新元古代一种特殊的叠层石微构造可能具等时性.     

松辽盆地白垩纪青山口组叠层石的环境意义

前言松辽盆地白垩纪青山口组是良好的含油地层,其中产有介形类、瓣鳃类、腹足类、鱼、轮藻、大植物和叠层石等多种化石。该组多数门类化石已进行过较详细描述和研究,并发表过多篇论著。但至今尚未开展叠层石的专题研究中。叠层石是晚前寒武纪地层划分和对比的主要依据之一。尽管显生宙后,叠层石在生物地层学上的价值是有限的,但它们仍然具有重要的生态环境意义。本文着重从生物学和沉积学角度讨论松辽盆地青山口组叠层石的古生态和形成环境。     

桂东北较深水相前寒武纪-寒武纪之交的硅质微生物岩

扬子地台东南缘较深水相区的前寒武纪-寒武纪过渡地层为一套以硅质岩和硅质碎屑岩为主的黑色岩系沉积.过去对这套硅质岩的沉积模式有多种解释,而且由于生物化石的匮乏而很难确定前寒武纪-寒武纪界线的位置.桂东北地区三江剖面前寒武纪-寒武纪过渡地层老馕组硅质岩中保存有良好的微生物岩.在根据有机碳同位素和微体化石确定的前寒武纪-寒武纪界线之下,微生物岩以叠层石-凝块石组合为标志,具有与台地相同期地层类似的特征;在界线之上,则以集群出现的球形至椭球形石英质微球体组合和典型的微生物膜沉积结构为主要特征.微生物席/膜的硅化可能是前寒武纪-寒武纪之交较深水相硅质岩沉积的重要模式.     

深切怀念良师益友张昀教授

国际著名的前寒武纪古生物学家,北京大学生命科学院环境和生态学系教授,我的良师益友张昀同志,因意外事故,离开我们已近半年了,张昀同志潜心学问,孜孜不倦,学识渊博,思想活跃,堪称我辈之楷模。张昀对生物学和古生物学上的贡献是多方面的,这里仅就他研究前寒武纪古生物学领域的学术成就作一些回顾,以表达对他深切怀念之情。张昀同志是我国研究叠层石形态和组构特征数值化的学术带头人。叠层石具有地层学和古生态学的潜在用途,特别是对于前寒武纪。但因叠层石微构造和基本层的形态主要受建造叠层石微生物群落的控制,而叠层石柱体和礁的特征又…     

北京十三陵地区前寒武纪雾迷山组叠层石和藻席中的藻类群落

北京十三陵地区位于燕山的中段,是华北晚前寒武纪地层发育良好的地区之一。本区雾迷山组厚两千余米,主要分布在萃花山,小宫门东山及卧虎山一带。数年前,笔者在本区萃花山雾迷山组一段采集到一批微小的柱状叠层石与层纹状藻席相互共生的标本,其中一些标本是由黑色燧石组成的。通过切片方法研究,我们发现在一些由黑色燧石组成的叠层石和藻席中保存有多种形态的微化石。作者扼要记述了这些微化石的形态特征,并将这一微化石群与世界其它地区的前寒武纪微生物组合进行比较,并探讨了这一微化石群的生态环境。     

中国叠层石新属（群）索引

索引材料取自１９６２－１９９４年期间在国内外各种期刊和专著上公开发表过的叠层石文献资料,共录中国学者所创立的叠层石新属１３１个,其中元古宙为１２２个,古生代为６个,中生代为３个,为了统一描述规范,统一对叠层石性状在分类中作用的认识,招集整理中国学者建立的叠层新属,建立中国叠层石数据库,提出了第一批中国叠层石属的索引名单。     

末前寒武纪叠层石衰退事件的研究

叠层石是前寒武纪最为常见的生物化石之一,它经历了从开拓性发育→广泛繁盛→急剧衰退的一个明显的发展过程.叠层石是微生物和沉积双重作用下形成的一种生物——沉积建造体.它在地质历史上的盛衰不仅与地球早期微生物群的演化有关,而且与地表环境的深刻变化(包括大气圈和水圈的变化)有着密切的联系.在整个发展阶段中,叠层石(主要指柱叠层石)由繁盛向衰退的转变几乎是全球性和突发     

STUDY ON STROMATOLITIC DECLINE EVENT IN TERMINAL PRECAMBRIAN

In Precambrian, stromatolites, especially columnar stromatolites, underwent a marked evolutionary process from beginning of development through extensive flourish to rapid decline. The present paper makes a discussion on the exact data and cause of the stromatolitic decline in an attempt to reveal the evolution of biosphere and change of ecological environments in the terminal Precambrian according to a study of the stromatolitic decline event.     

Early Neoproterozoic well-preserved stromatolites from southern Liaoning,North China: characteristics and paleogeographic implications

We report morphology and microstructure of the stromatolites of the Ganjingzi Formation in southern Liaoning. Sedimentologic and morphologic analyses indicate that the lower stromatolite mounds formed in a transgressive succession, while the stromatolite columns in the more complex upper biostrome changed vertically from dispersed growth to dense clumping. Biostratigraphic analysis shows that the stromatolites in the Ganjingzi Formation are similar to those from coeval strata in the Xuzhou-Huainan Region and in southern Jilin. Comparisons of the morphotype genera of stromatolites and the sedimentary setting between different areas, imply that sea-level was fluctuating in the east of the North China Craton (NCC) during the Ganjingzi interval and that the transgressions were beneficial to stromatolite growth, as indicated by the increased number of stromatolites in the study area.     

A model for diurnal patterns of carbon fixation in a Precambrian microbial mat based on a modern analog

Microbial mat communities are one of the first and most prevalent biological communities known from the Precambrian fossil record. These fossil mat communities are found as laminated sedimentary rock structures called stromatolites. Using a modern microbial mat as an analog for Precambrian stromatolites, a study of carbon fixation during a diurnal cycle under ambient conditions was undertaken. The rate of carbon fixation depends primarily on the availability of light (consistent with photosynthetic carbon fixation) and inorganic carbon, and not nitrogen or phosphorus. Atmospheric PCO2 is thought to have decreased from 10 bars at 4 Ga (10(9) years before present) to approximately 10(-4) bars today, implying a change in the availability of inorganic carbon for carbon fixation. Experimental manipulation of levels of inorganic carbon to levels that may have been available to Precambrian mat communities resulted in increased levels of carbon fixation during daylight hours. Combining these data with models of daylength during the Precambrian, models are derived for diurnal patterns of photosynthetic carbon fixation in a Precambrian microbial mat community. The models suggest that, even in the face of shorter daylengths during the Precambrian, total daily carbon fixation has been declining over geological time, with most of the decrease having occurred during the Precambrian.     

再论假裸枝叠层石科

概要地介绍了假裸枝科叠层石的特征、分布时限、分类系统、研究方法和形成环境.提出该科叠层石有可能作为我国中元古代乃至蓟县系叠层石标志的意见.     

Lower Triassic stromatolites in Luodian County, Guizhou Province, South China: evidence for the protracted devastation of the marine environments

Stromatolites are one of the oldest and most intriguing organosedimentary deposits. In contrast to stromatolites of the Precambrian to Early Ordovician, Phanerozoic equivalents occurred episodically under specific conditions. A group of previously undescribed stromatolites in composition occur in the Lower Triassic (Olenekian) at the Dajiang section in the Luodian region of Guizhou Province, South China. We described the textures of these stromatolites with the aim of determining the genetic mechanisms and revealing the nature of interactions between micro-organisms and marine environments. Mesoscopic features show that the stromatolites consist of several sets of stacked slices, and that they are embedded in alternating beds of fine and coarse microsphere packstones that include aggregates of microspheres, forming grapestones and lumps. Microscopically, the stromatolites consist of spar- and dolomite-infilled microspheres (average diameter, 100 μm), micrites, peloids, small-sized pyrite framboids (average diameter, 5.8 μm) and fenestrae. Micrite-dominant intercalations accentuate laminated textures at a mesoscopic level and are laterally continuous with micrite-rich parts in surrounding interstromatolites, indicating the simultaneous, widespread deposition of these layers. The microspheres and associated micrites were the products of in situ microbial activity, probably sulphate-reducing or anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria, which led to the formation of these unusual stromatolites. Even during a protracted period of harsh marine conditions, the micrite-rich carpets were deposited intermittently on the stromatolites and their surroundings under severely anoxic/sulphidic conditions. The presence of Early Triassic stromatolites and their subtle but important vertical variations in texture provide a record of temporal changes in marine conditions during geobiologically critical intervals.     

The evolution and distribution of life in the Precambrian eon-Global perspective and the Indian record

The discovery of Precambrian microfossils in 1954 opened a new vista of investigations in the field of evolution of life. Although the Precambrian encompasses 87% of the earth’s history, the pace of organismal evolution was quite slow. The life forms as categorised today in the three principal domains viz. the Bacteria, the Archaea and the Eucarya evolved during this period. In this paper, we review the advancements made in the Precambrian palaeontology and its contribution in understanding the evolution of life forms on earth. These studies have enriched the data base on the Precambrian life. Most of the direct evidence includes fossil prokaryotes, protists, advanced algal fossils, acritarchs, and the indirect evidence is represented by the stromatolites, trace fossils and geochemical fossils signatures. The Precambrian fossils are preserved in the form of compressions, impressions, and permineralized and biomineralized remains.     

PRAECAMBRIDIUM - A PRIMITIVE ARTHROPOD

The genus Praecambridium , from the Late Precambrian of South Australia, represents a segmented organism which appears to be related to early trilobites or chelicerates or both. A Late Precambrian fossil from Northern Russia which was recently named Vendia sokolovi Keller resembles Praecambridium.     

Late Triassic palynofloras in the Sichuan Basin,South China: Synthesis and perspective

Mesozoic strata are well developed and exposed continuously across the Sichuan Basin, South China. In particular, the Upper Triassic strata yield diverse and abundant spore-pollen fossils, providing a significant reference for the study of palaeoenvironmental variations across the Triassic–Jurassic transition where mass extinctions were occurring. In this paper, we summarize the major progress on Late Triassic palynological studies in this basin. To date, 151 genera (454 species) of sporomorph fossils have been reported from the Late Triassic strata in the Sichuan Basin. Three palynological assemblages are distinguished for the Late Triassic in the Sichuan Basin. Late Triassic vegetation in the Sichuan Basin shows a remarkable predominance of ferns, followed by conifers and cycads/ginkgophytes, and conifers show a distinct increase in abundance in the latest Triassic. In general, the Late Triassic palaeoclimate in the Sichuan Basin was tropical-subtropical, humid and warm. A synthesis of the data shows that the Late Triassic did not have a constant palaeoclimate in the Sichuan Basin, several climatic events are recognized: two warm and humid climate events in Norian-Rhaetian time, coupled with a cooler and drier condition in the latest Late Triassic. Further investigations in higher resolution at more continuous sections in the Sichuan Basin are needed to better understand the Late Triassic vegetation response, climate changes, as well as palaeoecosystem variations across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary.     

Stromatolites and basin analysis: an example from the upper proterozoic of northwestern Canada

Stromatolites have been used for inter-basinal biostratigraphic correlation, rock-stratigraphic correlation within individual sedimentary basins and for palaeoecological studies of various kinds. In the northern part of Victoria Island stromatolites are abundant in the uppermost part of the Gelenelg Formation, which is the lowest unit of the upper Proterozoic Shaler Group. Measurable attributes of these stromatolites include elongate mounds, intermound channel fillings, ridges and grooves, elongate collumns and inclined columns. In a widespread stromatolitic bank that forms the upper part of the Glenelg Formation, and also in stromatolites of the overlying Reynolds Point Formation, several of these features show a preferred orientation in a northeasterly direction. Herringbone cross-beds in associated sandy oolitic limestones show a northeast—southwest bimodal-bipolar distribution that is probably related to tidal activity. This similarity of directional features suggests that the stromatolite orientations are also likely to have been tidally influenced. If each stromatolitic bank were deposited diachronously then the northeasterly preferred orientation may be explained as being due to tidal currents active at a migrating shoreline that trended in a northwest-southeast direction. Alternatively, if, in the absence of metazoan competitors, the stromatolite builders contemporaneously occupied a large part of the basin floor, their northeasterly orientation may reflect tidal currents parallel to the length of an elongate embayment of the Precambrian sea, analogous in many ways to the present-day Persian Gulf. Such an interpretation, involving parallelism between coastline and elongate stromatolites, would differ from those of most earlier reports, in which elongate stromatolites have generally been assumed to have been oriented normal to the ancient shoreline.