中国水蜡蛾属二新种：鳞翅目：水蜡蛾科

中国水蜡蛾属二新种（鳞翅目：水蜡蛾科）张秀荣,杨集昆中国人民解放军农牧大学农学农机系,吉林省长春市１３００６２北京农业大学植物保护系,北京市１０００９４关键词水蜡蛾科,水蜡蛾属,分类,新种,中国本文记述了水蜡蛾科ＢｒａｈｍａｅｉｄａｅＨａｍｐｓｏｎ水...     

水蜡蛾一新属一新种：（鳞翅目：水蜡蛾科）

Brahmaea属是Walker(1855)以Bombyx certhia Fabricius为模式种成立的。Mell(1929)根据成虫形态特征、后翅翅脉的差异(有无连接Sc+R_1和Rs脉的横脉),将亚洲的水蜡蛾分为二群,建立一个新亚属 Brahmophthalma Mell并绘有Brahmaea Walker属与新亚属内每个种的翅脉简图以示区别;Bryk(1949)将Brahmophthalma提升为属。我们在整理和研究水蜡蛾的标本中,发现Brahmaea Walker属中实际存在着成虫形态和外生殖器差别很大的两个类群,作者认为有必要将其分为两个属,建立一个新属,并记述一新种。     

中国水蜡蛾科二新种 (鳞翅目：水蜡蛾科)

 报道了水蜡蛾科的2新种：多线水蜡蛾Brahmidai polymehntas sp.nov.和小齿水蜡蛾 Brahmophthlma litserra sp.nov.,模式标本保存在中国人民 解放军农牧大学植保教研室标本室。     

中国水蜡蛾科二新种(鳞翅目：水蜡蛾科)

报道了水蜡蛾科的2新种：多线水蜡蛾Brahmidai polymehntas sp.nov.和小齿水蜡蛾 Brahmophthlma litserra sp.nov.,模式标本保存在中国人民解放军农牧大学植保教研室标本室。     

水蜡蛾科二新种(鳞翅目:水蜡蛾科)

报道了水蜡蛾科Ｂｒａｈｍａｅｉｄａｅ的２新种：全斑水蜡蛾Ｂｒａｈｍｉｄｉａ ｔｏｔｉｍａｃｕｌａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和中华水蜡蛾Ｂｒａｈｍｏｐｈｔｈａｌｍａ ｓｉｎｉｃａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模型标本保存在中国人民解放军农牧大学植保教研室标本室。     

水蜡蛾属一新种(鳞翅目:水蜡蛾科)

本文记述水蜡蛾属一新种,新种模式标本保存于吉林农业大学昆虫标本室。 吉林水蜡蛾Brahmaea jilinensis Zhang,新种(图1—5) 雄虫体长35mm,前翅长58mm。触角黄褐色,双栉状。体背、腹黑色,头顶在触角间有黄褐色纹,前胸的前缘、肩片具黄褐色边。腹部两侧有黄褐色波形纵纹,纹内有黑边椭圆形斑。前翅外缘为灰褐色边,内侧有一列半圆形斑带,顶角者具黑斑,翅中部由10个不整齐的脉间长黑斑组成中横带,黑斑中间为黄褐和黑褐色,中横带的内外两侧各有5     

蝠蛾属一新种(鳞翅目:蝙蝠蛾科)

本文记述了采自四川省康定县的蝙蝠蛾科蝠蛾属一新种,模式标本存放于四川省中药研究所。 贡嘎蝠蛾 Hepialus gonggaensis Fu et Huang 新种(图1—2)     

中国匙唇祝蛾属研究与新种记述：鳞翅目：祝蛾科

中国匙唇祝蛾属研究与新种记述（鳞翅目：祝蛾科）武春生（中国科学院动物研究所,北京１０００８０）关键词祝蛾科;匙唇祝蛾属;新种;中国匙唇祝蛾属ＳｐａｔｕｌｉｇＮａｔｈａ是Ｇｏｚｍｄｎｙ１９７８年建立在祝蛾亚科（Ｌｅｃｉｔｈｏｃｅｒｉｎａｅ）中的一个单型...     

中国纹蛾科新种记述(鳞翅目)

中国纹蛾科新种记述（鳞翅目）白九维,郭森,郭铭义（中国科学院动物研究所北京１０００８０）（山西省忻州地区林业局０３４０００）笔者在鉴定山西省五台山小蛾类标本中,发现纹蛾科Ｃｏｃｈｙｌｉｄａｅ四个新种,分别各属于双纹蛾属Ａｅｔｈｅｓ,短纹蛾属Ｆａｌｓｅ...     

中国蛾蜡蝉科一新记录属并记一新种(半翅目:蛾蜡蝉科:涩蛾蜡蝉族)

报道了中国新记录属长蛾蜡蝉属Gomeda Distant,1906,该属隶属于蛾蜡蝉科Flatidae、涩蛾蜡蝉族Selizini,综述了该属的分类研究历史,并记述1新种——素长蛾蜡蝉Gomeda unicolorata,sp.nov.,提供了新种的形态和雌性外生殖器特征图,编制了本属分种检索表。新种模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Chronological Events Associated with the Antagonistic Properties of Trichoderma harzianum against Botrytis cinerea: Indirect Evidence for Sequential Role of Antibiosis and Parasitism

Chronological events associated with the degradation of Botrytis cinerea by a strain of Trichoderma harzianum selected for superior biocontrol ability were studied using ultrastructure and cytochemical investigations in an attempt to define the relative roles of antibiosis and parasitism in the antagonistic process. The first ultrastructural changes were observed 12 h before contact between the organisms, and were characterized by punctuated invaginations of the Botrytis plasmalemma. These reactions were followed by a gradual retraction of the plasmalemma, disorganization of the cytoplasm, loss of turgor pressure and cell death within 48 h of contact between hyphae of the interacting fungi. The first evidence of penetration of B. cinerea by T. harzianum was recorded 72 h after contact. This penetration was apparently mediated by either mechanical pressure or localized wall digestion at points of entry, as there was no clear evidence of chitinolytic degradation of the B. cinerea cell wall, as determined by cytochemical labelling of chitin with a lectin-gold conjugate. However, after 10 days there was clear indication of chitin degradation, based on the random and reduced presence of gold particles over the cell wall of B. cinerea. These results suggest that the strain of T. harzianum antagonized first and foremost by antibiosis, leading to cell death, followed by degradation of the cell by means of chitinolytic enzymes. The production of antibiotics may, therefore, be more important than that of chitinolytic enzymes in conferring superior biocontrol properties to T. harzianum.     

Population Dynamics and Life Tables of the Mango Mealybug, Rastrococcus invadens Williams, and its Introduced Natural Enemy Gyranusoidea tebygi Noyes in Benin

Life table data for Rastrococcus invadens and its introduced natural enemy Gyranusoidea tebygi were obtained in the field and in the laboratory. The mealybug population's potential rate of increase ranged from 0.066/day to 0.078/day. The potential for increase of the parasitoid was double that of its host. Seasonal fluctuations in abundance of R. invadens were followed from 1988 to 1992 on mango trees in southern Benin. The population density of R. invadens decreased during the rainy seasons and peaked during the dry seasons. Mealybug field sex ratios were extremely variable, and the impact of such variability on the mealybug's potential rate of increase was analyzed. The populations of the exotic encyrtid G. tebygi, introduced into Benin in 1988 for control of the pest, were synchronized with the host populations. The spatial patterns of parasitism distribution in relation to the host population density were either independent or directly density-dependent, both at the tree level and for larger zones. However, reducing the scale of analysis resulted in different types of relationships. The impact of predators was a minor factor in the population dynamics of the mealybug. Four of the six species of hyper-parasitoids attacking mealybugs parasitized by G. tebygi developed high populations. In the two orchards studied, mealybug populations eventually collapsed and disappeared. This fact is discussed as being an indication that the biological control of the mango mealybug by G. tebygi was achieved by non-equilibrium local dynamics, and should be evaluated in a meta-population perspective.     

Evolution of pupation site and interspecific competitive ability in Drosophila hydei

A competition experiment conducted over a period of 50 weeks resulted in stable coexistence of Drosophila hydei and D. melanogaster. In a repeat of this experiment the results for the first 25 weeks were similar to the results of the earlier experiment, but after this time the state of coexistence collapsed and a fairly rapid trend towards competitive exclusion was observed. Extinctions of D. melanogaster occurred in 11 of the 12 experimental cages before termination of the experiment at 50 weeks. At about the same time as the competitive ability of D. hydei increased, an alteration in the range of pupation sites utilized by this species was noted. The change in pupation site was demonstrated to be at least partially heritable, and it appears to be responsible for D. hydei's increased competitive ability. This experiment provides an example of natural selection within a competing population acting against the stability of the overall two-species system.     

Description d'une nouvelle espèce et analyse morpho-fonctionnelle du genre Doryaspis White (Heterostraci) du Dévonien du Spitsberg

Doryaspis groenhorgensis nov. sp. is a new pteraspidiform from the lower devonian of Spitsbergen. The genus Doryaspis is now considered as the most abundant pteraspidiform of the Wood Bay formation, with five described species. Moreover, the pteraspidiform diversity of this formation has been under rated all along the XXth century. A morpho-functional analysis of the Doryaspis generic characters (e.g. flat dorsal shield, ventral pseudorostrum, long cornual plates) allows to consider two possible mode of life. However, none of the pelagic or benthic mode of life is better supported than the other. The same analysis introduce some interpretative hypothesis on histology and moving of the Pteraspidiformes. The Pteraspidiformes diversity of Spitsbergen is important for further Devonian circum-arctic comparisons (e.g. siberian platform).     

Effects of negatively charged lipids on phagocytosis of liposomes opsonized by complement

Ingestion of liposomes opsonized by specific antibody plus complement was investigated in vitro. Although the antibodies alone (IgM) did not have an opsonizing effect, in the presence of such antibodies uptake and ingestion of liposomes by mouse peritoneal macrophages was enhanced 5- to 10-fold by addition of complement. Phagocytosis of complement-opsonized liposomes was strongly dependent on the charge of the liposomal lipids. The presence of a negatively charged (i.e., acidic) lipid profoundly suppressed the uptake of the liposomes. Each of three acidic liposomal lipids, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol and dicetyl phosphate, suppressed liposome uptake. We conclude that opsonization of liposomes with complement greatly stimulates ingestion of liposomes by murine macrophages. However, most of the opsonic enhancement conferred by complement can be prevented by the presence of negatively charged membrane lipids.     

Impact of Entomopathogenic Nematodes on Different Soil-dwelling Stages of Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), in the Laboratory and Under Semi-field Conditions

The impact of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) on mortality of soil-dwelling stages of western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) with different insect stage combinations was studied in the laboratory and under semi-field conditions. In laboratory experiments, the efficacy of Steinernema feltiae strain Sylt (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) at a concentration of 400 infective juveniles (IJs) cm -2 was tested against different proportions of soil-dwelling stages of WFT, i.e. late second instar larvae (L2), prepupae and pupae. Soil was used as the testing medium. S. feltiae significantly affected the mortality of all soil-dwelling life stages of WFT at all tested insect stage combinations. The proportion of late L2 in the population negatively correlated to EPN-induced mortality. WFT prepupa and pupa were similarly susceptible to S. feltiae and their proportion in the population did not affect the EPN-induced mortality under laboratory conditions. The highest mortality (80%) was recorded when the population consisted only of prepupae and/or pupae. In the semi-field study, the impact of S. feltiae , S. carpocapsae strain DD136 and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora strain HK3 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) ( H. bacteriophora ) at concentrations of 400 and 1000 IJs cm -2 was evaluated against WFT reared on green beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., as host plant in pot experiments in a controlled climate chamber. All tested EPN strains at both dose rates significantly reduced the WFT populations. Up to 70% reduction of the WFT population was obtained at the higher EPN concentration.     

The response of oscillating glycolysis to perturbations in the NADH/NAD system: a comparison between experiments and a computer model.

The glycolytic pathway is described by a set of coupled non linear differential equations of first order with respect to time. The individual terms of these equations consist of enzyme velocities assuming a steady state hypothesis for the enzymatic forms. These are specified and the system is solved numerically. Oscillations are explained by interaction of PFK with the adenylate system. The conditions for the occurrence of oscillations are tested in a series of computer runs. The phase relations between intermediates of the model agree with those found in yeast cells. As an application of the model the disturbation of oscillations by the addition of acetaldehyde is simulated. The predictions of the model agree with experimental results.     

Distribution of faeces of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, in a new refuge

The patterns of faeces deposition in glass arenas with three groups of Blattella germanica L. during colonization of new refuges were recorded. The individual positions of more than 17,500 faeces were recorded. The average daily rate of faeces excretion per adult was 9.6 in males, 9.1 in non-gravid females and 2.7 in gravid females. Significant differences of faeces accumulation at various sites of the arena were found. In all three groups, mean density of faeces decreased in the following order: shelter, edges of arena, area around shelter, remainder of open area. The faeces were not accumulated more significantly at food and water sources than within the remainder of the open area. Low concentrations of faeces around edges were recorded with gravid females. The ratio of numbers of faeces in the shelter and those on the remainder of the arena was nearly identical in all tested groups. The rate of faeces deposition fluctuated during colonization of a new refuge. The role of faeces containing aggregation pheromone and ammonia in the ecology and behaviour of B. germanica is discussed.     

沪农灵芝一号生长过程中子实体各部位糖醇和海藻糖积累及其代谢酶的表达变化

食用菌子实体通常会在生长过程中积累较高含量的糖醇及海藻糖,这些碳水化合物的积累能够促进食用菌的生长,而在灵芝中的同类研究较少,本研究通过高效阴离子-脉冲安培法对沪农灵芝一号子实体发育过程中不同部位的糖类成分的含量变化进行分析,发现灵芝子实体中主要的可溶性糖类成分是阿拉伯糖醇、甘露醇和海藻糖,甘露醇在子实体成熟时的菌盖中的含量达到最高值,阿拉伯糖醇在产孢子期的子实体中含量较高,两种糖醇的含量呈现相反的变化趋势,一种糖醇积累的同时会消耗利用另一种糖醇,而海藻糖在灵芝子实体的整个生长过程中含量处于较低水平,仅在子实体初期的菌基部位检测到较高的含量;同时通过qRT-PCR技术检测灵芝子实体不同部位中这几种糖类的主要代谢酶基因的表达变化,发现这些代谢酶在子实体的菌基部位的表达水平相对其他部位较高,且随着子实体生长这一差异更加显著,这一结果表明灵芝中的糖醇和海藻糖分布差异可能是先由菌基的菌丝体中合成产物并转运到子实体不同部位,再经过一段时间的积累和代谢之后产生。