沙漠干热环境腹部肠管火器伤后IL-6和TNF-α在血清中的变化研究

目的:探讨沙漠干热环境下猪腹部肠管火器伤后血清白介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的动态变化规律.方法:沙漠干热组和常温组各42头长白仔猪随机等分为对照组和伤后1h、2h、4h、8h、12h和24h组7个时间组,实验各组在建立腹部肠管火器伤模型后分别在相应的时间点采血,采用双抗体夹心ELISA法测定各组动物血清IL-6、TNF-α水平:结果:沙漠干热环境组和常温环境组中的各实验组动物血清IL-6、TNF-α水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.01或P<0.05),沙漠干热环境组的IL-6、TNF-α均明显高于相对应的常温组(P<0.01或P<0.05),沙漠干热环境组血清IL-6在伤后8小时组最高,为(1369.49±31.56)pg/ml,而在常温组中以伤后12h组最高,为(1218.35±74.00)pg/ml.血清TNF-α的高峰值在沙漠干热环境和常温的高峰值均为伤后12h组,分别为(112.73±8.05)pg/ml和(94.36±10.18)pg/ml,且二者具有显著性差异(P<0.05).血清IL-6和TNF-α的水平在沙漠干热环境组和常温环境组均具有相关性,相关系数分别为0.989和0.972(P<0.01).结论:沙漠干热环境腹部肠管火器伤后血清IL-6、TNF-α的水平明显高于常温组,且两种因子的水平密切相关,IL-6、TNF-α可能在沙漠干热环境腹部肠管火器伤后的继发性机体损害过程中起重要作用.     

非体外循环与并行循环不停跳冠脉搭桥术炎性因子的比较

目的:通过对比非体外循环与并行循环下不停跳冠脉搭桥术炎性因子的变化,研究不同方法对机体全身炎性反应程度的影响.方法:选择2009年6月～2010年1月在我院行冠脉搭桥术患者30例,其中选取采用并行循环下不停跳冠脉搭桥术(OnP-BH CABG)和非体外循环冠脉搭桥术(OPCABG)患者各15例,即A组和B组.检测TI(术前)、T2(手术结束时)、T3(术后6小时)、T4(术后12小时)、T5(术后24小时)不同时间点血浆肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-8(IL-8)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)含量,并记录桥血管数量、精神状况、引流量及ICU入住时间.结果:两组血浆TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、cTnI含量T1时无统计学意义(P＞0.05),T2、T3、T4、T5均呈升高趋势.A组较B组T2、T3、T4、T5各时间点TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8指标升高差异显著(P＜0.01);cTn I升高幅度略缓,T4、T5差异无统计学意义.比较患者术后精神状况及ICU入住时间,B组均优于A组(P＞0.05).术中搭桥血管支数无统计学差异、A组引流量较B组多,有统计学意义(p=0.02).结论:并行循环下不停跳冠脉搭桥术与非体外循环冠脉搭桥术相比,心肌损伤略重;体外循环可加重机体全身炎性反应程度.     

抗结核治疗对肺结核病患者血清TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-10和IL-17表达差异的影响

目的 探讨肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白介素-10(IL-10)和白介素-17(IL-17)在肺结核病患者抗结核治疗前后表达的差异.方法 选择新发未治疗的肺结核病患者20例,经抗结核治疗后肺结核病好转的患者20例,采集患者血清,采用ELISA方法检测TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-10和IL-17的表达水平的差异,明确上述细胞因子在肺结核病患者抗结核治疗过程中的作用机制.结果 肺结核病初诊患者血清中TNF-α、IL-17的含量较肺结核病患者治疗后好转的明显增高,分别为(144.05 ±59.15)pg/mL vs (97.55 ±20.58)pg/mL和(33.10±19.07) pg/mL vs(10.80±1.50) pg/mL,两组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而IFN-γ在肺结核病患者治疗好转组血清中较肺结核病初诊患者明显升高[(97.40±48.00) pg/mL vs(30.98±16.72) pg/mL],两组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P=0.000);但肺结核病初诊患者和治疗后好转组血清IL-1O差异无统计学意义[(141.02±33.42) pg/mL vs (146.78 ±33.75)pg/mL].结论 肺结核病患者体内存在着明显的免疫紊乱,抗结核治疗后TNF-α、IL-17明显降低,而IFN-γ则明显升高,提示在抗结核治疗肺结核病患者的过程中,连续监测免疫学指标有助于判断抗结核治疗的疗效.     

炎症性肠病患者的肠道菌群分布与血清TNF-α与IL-6水平的相关性

目的:探讨炎症性肠病患者的肠道菌群分布与血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)与白介素-6(IL-6)水平的相关性。方法:选择我院收治的172例炎症性肠病患者作为观察组,同期选择在我院经询问病史及体格检查无消化道疾病的172例患者作为对照组,检测两组肠道菌群的分布与血清TNF-α与IL-6水平,并分析炎症性肠病患者肠道菌群分布与血清TNF-α与IL-6水平的相关性。结果:观察组的肠球菌、粪肠球菌和大肠埃希杆菌含量明显高于对照组,而双歧杆菌含量明显低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组的血清TNF-α与IL-6值分别为0.98±0.54 ng/m L和0.98±0.38 pg/m L,都明显高于对照组的0.61±0.37 ng/m L和0.55±0.34 pg/m L(P0.05)。观察组的双歧杆菌含量与TNF-α与IL-6呈现明显负相关性(P0.05),而肠球菌、粪肠球菌、大肠埃希杆菌含量与TNF-α与IL-6都呈现明显正相关性(P0.05)。结论:炎症性肠病患者存在益生菌含量减少、有害菌含量增加的现象,这可能与患者血清促炎因子过量表达有关,二者的共同作用可促进炎症性肠病的发生及进展。     

脓毒症患儿血浆miR-146a、miR-223表达与IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α 水平变化的临床意义分析

目的:探讨脓毒症患儿血浆微RNA-146a(miR-146a)、miR-223表达及与白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、IL-10和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)的关系。方法:选取2016年2月至2017年2月在我院治疗的脓毒症患儿44例作为脓毒症组,同时选取32例全身性炎症反应综合征(SIRS)患儿(SIRS组)和40例健康儿童(对照组),检测和比较各组患儿血浆miR-146a、miR-223、IL-6、IL-10和TNF-α的表达,同时采用序贯器官衰竭估计评分(SOFA评分)评价脓毒症患儿的病情。结果:脓毒症组miR-146a、miR-223、IL-6和IL-10表达分别为(5.90±1.22)×10~(-5)、(13.17±2.13)×10~(-4),20.21(12.06,64.13)ng/L和17.60(8.94,70.11)pg/m L,明显高于SIRS组和对照组(P0.05);脓毒症组和SIRS组血浆TNF-水平分别为(22.50(22.50,29.80)pg/m L和(23.40(19.41,30.01)pg/m L,明显高于对照组(P0.05);患儿miR-146a、miR-223与SOFA评分呈正相关(rs=0.411和0.321,P0.05),而血浆IL-6、IL-10及TNF-α水平与SOFA评分无显著相关性(P0.05);miR-146a与血浆IL-6、IL-10水平呈显著正相关(rs=0.297和0.301,P0.05),miR-223与血浆TNF-α水平呈正相关(rs=0.284,P0.05)。结论:脓毒症患儿血浆miR-146a和miR-223表达、IL-6、IL-10和TNF-α水平均异常上调,且血浆miR-146a和miR-223表达与IL-6、IL-10、TNF-水平及病情程度显著相关。     

IFN-γ、IL-12及TNF-α在脊柱结核病人血清和病灶中的表达以及对疾病的影响

目的:检测IFN-γ、IL-12及TNF-α在脊柱结核病人血清和病灶中的表达水平,探讨血清和病灶中IFN-γ、IL-12及TNF-α的表达水平与脊柱结核的相关性。方法:2014年12月至2016年3月期间,纳入符合标准的脊柱结核病人46例为实验组,椎体骨折病人48例为对照组。应用ELISA检测两组人群血清中IFN-γ、IL-12、TNF-α的平均浓度;病灶标本免疫组化染色检测其IFN-γ、IL-12、TNF-α的平均光密度值。结果:实验组血清中IFN-γ,IL-12,TNF-α平均浓度分别为26.82±7.81 pg/mL,25.93±12.84pg/mL,68.13±16.24 pg/mL,对照组血清中平均浓度分别为46.89±7.81 pg/mL,49.45±22.38 pg/mL,26.65±10.11 pg/mL;实验组病灶中IFN-γ,IL-12,TNF-α平均光密度值分别为0.273±0.076,0.380±0.054,0.306±0.052,对照组病灶中平均光密度值分别为0.092±0.024,0.183±0.034,0.180±0.031。实验组与对照组血清及病灶中IFN-γ、IL-12及TNF-α的表达水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:脊柱结核病人的血清IFN-γ、IL-12浓度呈低表达,TNF-α浓度呈高表达;脊柱结核病人病灶中IFN-γ、IL-12及TNF-α表达增加;检测脊柱结核病人IFN-γ、IL-12及TNF-α血清水平含量能为其机体免疫力的状态、判断结核病情程度和进展及为临床诊断提供参考依据。     

Th17及Th1相关细胞因子与支气管哮喘的关系研究

目的:分析外周血Th17、Th1及相关细胞因子表达水平和支气管哮喘(bronchial asthma,BA)发生、发展的相关性研究。方法:回顾选取我院收治的BA病例57份,称作BA组,另选取呼吸系统正常的病例55例为对照组,检测两组入选者的外周血IL-2、TNF-α、Th17、IL-6、Th1指标表达差异,并进行多因素回归分析。结果:BA组Th17(0.62±1.67)%、Th1(1.45±0.48)%及Th1/Th17(2.33±1.28)均显著低于对照组(P均0.05);BA组TNF-α(27.46±8.12)pg/mL、IL-6(11.69±2.14)pg/mL表达量显著高于对照组,IL-2(2.58±3.89)pg/mL、IFN-γ(3.74±6.15)pg/mL含量均显著低于对照组(P均0.05);经Logistic回归分析,TNF-α、IL-6、IFN-γ、Th1/Th17、IL-2均和BA有密切相关性(P均0.05)。结论:IL-2、IFN-γ、Th1/Th17、TNF-α、IL-6表达水平均与BA有密切关联,可能是参与BA发病的主要原因,及早进行Th17、Th1及相关细胞因子检查有助于明确病情。     

模拟高原环境下高原肺水肿大鼠模型的建立

目的在人工实验舱模拟高原环境下,探讨建立高原肺水肿大鼠模型的条件。方法 Wistar大鼠,雌雄各半,随机分为5组:空白对照组、低氧24 h组、低氧48 h组、低氧72 h组、低氧7 d组,测定大鼠肺组织含水量,肺组织中TNF-α、IL-6含量及病理改变。结果与正常对照组相比,低氧24、48、72 h组大鼠肺组织含水量依次为(81.58±0.86)%、(82.13±0.57)%、(82.21±0.88)%,高于正常对照组(78.72±0.52)%,肺组织中IL-6依次为(329.30±133.58)、(323.92±127.42)、(506.29±197.19)pg/mL,TNF-α依次(221.08±20.26)、(208.05±20.33)、(244.63±51.53)pg/mL,高于正常对照组IL-6(187.26±69.49)pg/mL,TNF-α为(91.81±22.24)pg/mL。低氧7d组肺组织含水量(81.47±0.65)%、肺组织中IL-6(241.33±83.60)pg/mL、TNF-α(109.99±31.98)pg/mL,均显著低于低氧72h组,病理学结果显示72h组肺组织有炎性细胞浸润,肺泡壁有明显的充血和水肿。结论模拟海拔5000 m环境,建立大鼠肺水肿模型的较好的时间为72 h。     

乳果糖联合培菲康预防肝硬化自发性细菌性腹膜炎的疗效观察

目的 探讨乳果糖联合培菲康预防肝硬化自发性细菌性腹膜炎(SBP)的疗效.方法 选择肝硬化失代偿期患者186例,随机分为乳果糖与培菲康联合治疗组和常规抗生素治疗组各93例,住院期间同时予以护肝利尿及对症支持治疗,用药3个月进行观察,并采集腹水样本,采用ELISA方法进行TNF-α和IL-6的检测.结果 肝硬化患者应用乳果糖与培菲康联合治疗组SBP发生率为12.9％,而常规抗生素治疗组SBP发生率为21.5％,二者间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).SBP发生患者腹水TNF-α的水平为(1650±126) pg/mL,而未发生SBP为(1312±289) pg/mL,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).SBP发生患者腹水IL-6的水平为(2566±138) pg/mL,而未发生SBP患者中为(924±251) pg/mL,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 肝硬化患者应用乳果糖联合培菲康可显著降低SBP的发生率.腹水TNF-α和IL-6的水平可监测肝硬化患者SBP的发生.     

呼出气一氧化氮水平与支气管哮喘患儿病情及炎症因子的关系研究

目的:研究呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)水平与支气管哮喘患儿病情及炎症因子的关系。方法:选择从2014年9月到2016年9月在我院接受治疗的支气管哮喘患儿115例作为观察组,另选同期来我院体检的健康儿童115例作为对照组,对比两组FeNO及炎症因子的水平,比较观察组不同病情患儿FeNO及炎症因子水平,分析患儿FeNO与病情及炎症因子的相关性。结果:观察组C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)以及FeNO水平分别为(5.06±1.29)mg/L、(4.32±1.33)pg/mL、(2.37±0.21)pg/mL、(50.82±18.28)ppb,均分别显著高于对照组的(1.33±0.46)mg/L、(1.52±0.48)pg/mL、(0.28±0.11)pg/mL、(18.23±2.46)ppb(均P0.05)。观察组急性发作期患儿CRP、IL-6、TNF-α以及FeNO水平分别为(5.12±1.30)mg/L、(4.49±1.06)pg/mL、(2.48±0.19)pg/mL、(51.27±10.63)ppb,均分别显著高于缓解期的(2.97±0.82)mg/L、(2.39±0.62)pg/mL、(1.52±0.20)pg/mL、(32.41±5.52)ppb(均P0.05)。根据Spearman法相关性分析可知,患儿FeNO与病情及IL-6、CRP、TNF-α均呈正相关(r=0.736、0.684、0.713、0.594;均P0.05)。结论:支气管哮喘患儿的FeNO与炎症因子水平呈高表达,FeNO与病情及炎症因子之间密切相关,临床上可将其纳入监测指标,有助于辅助治疗支气管哮喘患儿。     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phosphatidylserine of myelin and microsomal fractions of adult and developing rat brain.

The synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phospholipids was followed in microsomal and myelin fractions of developing and adult rat brains after an intracerebral injection of [U-14C]serine. The kinetics of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal and myelin cerebrosides indicate the possibility of a precursor-product relationship between cerebrosides of these membranes. The specific radioactivity of myelin cerebrosides was corrected for the deposition of newly formed cerebrosides in myelin. Multiphasic curves were obtained for the decline in specific radioactivity of myelin and microsomal cerebrosides, suggesting different cerebroside pools in these membranes. The half-life of the fast turning-over pool of cerebrosides of myelin was 7 and 22 days for the developing and adult rat brain respectively. The half-life of the slowly turning-over pool of myelin cerebrosides was about 145 days for both groups of animals. The half-life of the rapidly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was calculated to be 20 and 40 h for the developing and adult animals respectively. The half-life of the intermediate and slowly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was 11 and 60 days respectively, for both groups of animals. The amount of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal cerebrosides from L-serine was greatly decreased in the adult animals, and greater amounts of the precursor were directed towards the synthesis of phosphatidylserine. In the developing animals, considerable amounts of cerebrosides were synthesized from L-serine, besides phosphatidylserine. The time-course of incorporation indicated that a precursor-product relationship exists between microsomal and myelin phosphatidylserine. The half-life of microsomal phosphatidylserine was calculated to be about 8 h for the fast turning-over pool in both groups of animals.     

Identification and composition of the tonsillar and anal enterococcal and streptococcal flora of dogs and cats

Enterococcus faecalis was the most frequently isolated enterococcal species from anal swabs and tonsils of dogs and cats, although in the anal samples from dogs Ent. hirae was found almost as often as Ent. faecalis. Most Ent.faecium strains from dog tonsils differed from those associated with humans and other animals in that they fermented sorbitol. Typical Ent. avium as well as atypical Ent. avium -like strains were seen in dogs, while the related species Ent. raffinosus was associated with cat tonsils. Enterococcus cecorum also occurred mainly in cats. Certain atypical strains, presumptively identified as Ent. cecorum , shared characteristics with Ent. columbae.
The most frequent streptococcal species in tonsils of cats and dogs were Streptococcus suis and Strep. canis. Streptococcus canis and Strep. bovis predominated in anal swabs. The canine Strep. suis differed from the common porcine strains in fermenting mannitol.
Forty-seven of the 288 isolates examined could not be identified or related to known species. The characteristics of two groups of these bacteria, provisionally called 'Ton 31 group' and 'O7 group' are described.     

Molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and assessment of zoonotic transmission

The molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is essential for accurately identifying organisms and assessing zoonotic transmission. Results of recent molecular epidemiological studies strongly suggest that zoonotic transmission plays an important role in cryptosporidiosis epidemiology. In such cases the most prevalent zoonotic species is Cryptosporidium parvum. Genotyping and subtyping data suggest that zoonotic transmission is not as prevalent in the epidemiology of giardiasis. Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is a relatively recent application that is evolving as new genes are found that increase the accuracy of identification while discovering a greater diversity of species and yet unnamed taxa within these two important genera. As molecular data accumulate, our understanding of the role of zoonotic transmission in epidemiology and clinical manifestations is becoming clearer.     

颧骨颧弓骨折的分类及诊治

颧骨颧弓骨折是最常见的面中部骨折之一,迄今为止,在其分类及诊治的选择上仍然存在一定争议,本文对目前颧骨颧弓骨折的分类及诊治的现状和进展作一综述,以期对临床工作提供参考。