中西医观解读时间生物学

时间生物学是一门研究生命活动节律的科学。在西方医学中,研究时间生物学是利用分子生物学实验来阐释其机制,以西医的思维方法解释时间生物学的生理及病理过程;中医对时间生物学的记载有两千多年的历史,阴阳理论、子午流注学说以及五运六气学说一直以来都在指导中医的诊断和治疗。中西医观的不同对时间生物学的研究提供了新的研究思路,同时时间生物学也为研究中西医结合提供了广阔的前景。     

天人相应与微生态理论的一致性

中医天人相应观是中医学的指导思想,贯穿中医学体系始终,体现了中医学的生态学理念。微生态学作为一门新兴的学科,属于生态医学的范畴,尤其是近年对微生态学的深入研究,发现其研究结果与中医学观点存在共同之处,并已有学者论证二者在理论和实践上都具有一定的统一性,为中医药现代化提供了一定的理论依据。本文回顾性分析了中医天人相应学说和微生态学内容,发现二者在理论起源、发病机制、防治和应用方面具有一定的统一性,并且创新性地从微生态学角度解读中医天人相应学说,从而论证中医学说的正确性和现实性,也为中西医的进一步融合提供新的思路。     

关于古代经络学说起源和形成的初步探讨

经络学说是祖国医学宝库的重要组成部分。它在中医基础理论和临床的各个方面都得到广泛的应用,在创造我国新医学新药学的过程中,也占有一定的位置。几年来,在毛主席哲学思想的光辉指引下,革命医务人员应用祖国医学的经络学说,大搞中西医结合工作,创造了针刺麻醉,这是医学史上的一件大事。因此,探     

现代生物医学科技前沿与中西医结合交叉

本文讨论了中医现代化和中西医结合的有关问题,指出中医现代化工作可分为三个方面：第一方面,应当培养大批临床上过硬的中医人才,在临床上有所突破,以此为基础进行理论研究;第二方面,将中医理论转换成现代语言;第三方面,中医与包括现代生物医学在内的多学科结合。阐述了现代生物医学科技前沿与中西医结合交叉而产生的新学科一光子中医学。指出光子中医学将为中西医结合提供理论和技术平台,成为多学科研究中医的代表性学科,并将成为中医现代化的一个重要方向,为人类卫生事业作出重大贡献。     

試論魏斯曼的种貭学說

在19世纪的下半期,在西欧形成了魏斯曼的种质学说。这个学说在达尔文学说的基础上对遗传和进化提出了一些新的看法,于是出现了新达尔文主义。魏斯曼的种质学说对生物学,特别是对遗传学、胚胎学和进化论有很大的影响。所以这些学科都要谈到这个学说。但是,不同的学派和不同的学者,对这个学说有截然不同的评价。例如,摩尔根学派一般以积极的态度对待这个学说,认为这个学说促进了生物学的发展。有些学者甚至相当全面地接受这个学说。米丘林学派一般采取相反的态度,认为这个学说对生物学的发展没有积极的作用。有些学者甚至认为这个学说是反达尔文主义的,是形而上学的,唯心的,反动的。有些实验胚胎学家对这个学说又另有不同的看法。     

构像子学说

通过对生物学中普遍存在的构像现象的总结,提出了构橡子学说,对构像子的定义、生物学特性、作用方式、生物学意义进行了初步的探讨,并用构像子学说对生命现象进行解释,提出构像研究可能的发展模式和意义。     

糖尿病足的三种疗法比较及护理效应

目的:研究中西医结合治疗糖尿病足的临床疗效.方法:将146例糖尿病足患者按已接受的治疗方法分为中西医结合治疗组43例和中医药组49例和西医治疗组54例.西医组患者在降血糖的基础上给予营养神经、抗凝、扩张血管、改善微循环、抗感染等治疗,中西医治疗组在此基础上加用中医辨证施治.中医药组则辨证施治内服外用中药.结果:三种疗法疗效对比临床症状改善时间(d)中西医结合治疗组与其他组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05).三组治疗后空腹血糖,糖化血红蛋白水平均有改善,其中西医组比中医组明显(P＜0.05).但中西医结合治疗组与其他组比较疗效更佳,统计学有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:中西医结合组治疗糖尿病足的疗效更好.     

中医经络的光子学研究

在中医经络现代研究的基础上,探讨光子学在经脉循行路线的客观检测,循经感传现象的发生及其实质意义,经络腧穴诊断的客观化以及腧穴双向良性调节作用等研究领域的具体应用.指出中医经络的光子学研究有望借助光子学的学科优势,从科学的角度对我国经络学说进行诠释和量化,为经脉腧穴的光学特性提供重要的实验依据,并有望找到一种非侵人性、无...     

肿瘤微环境与免疫治疗研究进展

肿瘤的发生和发展包括了一系列复杂的生物学过程,其中与免疫系统的相互抗衡,直接决定了这场健康保卫战的成败.由"种子与土壤"学说展开的肿瘤微环境的研究,为解开肿瘤形成与侵袭转移之谜提供了新视角,为肿瘤免疫治疗的临床应用提供了理论依据.本文综述了肿瘤微环境的主要成分及其介导的免疫耐受,及肿瘤免疫治疗的研究现状.     

托马斯·亨特·摩尔根

摩尔根(Morgan)是现代生物学史上一位杰出的遗传学家和胚胎学家.他因发现了“在果蝇中的遗传传递机理”,创立了基因学说而荣获1933年度医学及生理学诺贝尔奖.他在胚胎学和遗传学研究中大力提倡应用实验方法,对于生物学从单纯形态描述过渡到重视实验和定量分析,使生物学日益成为一门精密的科学,起了重大的作用.他在学术上的民主作风和卓越的组织才能,造就了一大批生物学家,促进了生物科学,特别是遗传学迅速向前发展.正如     

Evidence-based medicine,opinion-based medicine,and real-world medicine

The freedom of a doctor to treat an individual patient in the way he believes best has been markedly limited by the concept of evidence-based medicine. Clearly all would wish to practice according to the best available evidence, but it has become accepted that "evidence-based" means that which is derived from randomized, and preferably double-blind, clinical trials. The history of clinical trial development, which can be traced to the use of oranges and lemons for the treatment of scurvy in 1747, has reflected a progressive need to establish whether smaller and smaller effects of treatment are real. It has led to difficult concepts such as "equivalence" and aberrations such as "meta-analysis." An examination of evidence-based practice shows that it has usually been filtered through the opinions of experts and journal editors, and "opinion-based medicine" would be a more appropriate term. In the real world of individual patients with multiple diseases who are receiving a number of different drugs, the practice of evidence-based (or even opinion-based) medicine is extremely difficult. For each patient a judgment has to be made by the clinician of the likely balance of risks and benefits of any therapy. Good practice still requires clinical freedom for doctors.     

From evidence-based medicine to genomic medicine

The concept of ‘evidence-based medicine’ dates back to mid-19th century or even earlier. It remains pivotal in planning, funding and in delivering the health care. Clinicians, public health practitioners, health commissioners/purchasers, health planners, politicians and public seek formal ‘evidence’ in approving any form of health care provision. Essentially ‘evidence-based medicine’ aims at the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of the current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. It is in fact the ‘personalised medicine’ in practice. Since the completion of the human genome project and the rapid accumulation of huge amount of data, scientists and physicians alike are excited on the prospect of ‘personalised health care’ based on individual’s genotype and phenotype. The first decade of the new millennium now witnesses the transition from ‘evidence-based medicine’ to the ‘genomic medicine’. The practice of medicine, including health promotion and prevention of disease, stands now at a wide-open road as the scientific and medical community embraces itself with the rapidly expanding and revolutionising field of genomic medicine. This article reviews the rapid transformation of modern medicine from the ‘evidence-based medicine’ to ‘genomic medicine’.     

Hints of western medicine from Chinese medicine

As a biochemist, I have been studying lipolytic and lipogenic pathways in fat cells since 1963. In 1966, I proposed a hormone-sensitive substrate theory in which catecholamines might not act on lipase but on substrate during their lipolytic processes. The lipolytic and lipogenic pathways are negative and positive processes in triglyceride content of fat cells. Insulin inhibits the negative process (lipolysis) and stimulates the positive process (lipogenesis from glucose). On the other hand, catecholamine stimulates the negative process and inhibits the positive one. These hormones discriminate the negative and positive rules and regulate opposite ways. We tried to find these hormone-like substances in various natural products. We isolated tea saponins, chitosan, and others as insulin-like substances and dimethyl-xanthine as a catecholamine-like one. It is well known that extracellular fluid pH changes from 7.4 to 6.8. Reduction of the pH from 7.4 causes insulin resistance. Insulin failed to stimulate glucose uptake at pH 7.0 of the extracellular fluid. We found minus ions, which stimulated lipogenesis from glucose by raising extracellular fluid pH to 7.4. These are our approaches to find functional substances that prevent lifestyle-related diseases.     

Genomic medicine: bringing biomarkers to clinical medicine

An important by-product of sequencing the human genome has been the development of a novel 'toolbox' for biomarker discovery and development. Genomic medicine is an emerging discipline in the genome sciences that integrates these tools to interrogate genomic variation in well-defined populations in order to develop predictors of disease susceptibility, progression and drug response. Several important classes of biomarkers result from these analyses which, when translated to clinical medicine and drug development, will have an important impact on human health and disease. This review highlights both the opportunities and challenges in bringing biomarkers into clinical medicine.