不同种类紫草对比研究

紫草作为一种常用中药,其应用历史悠久。在现代,紫草的化学成分与药理作用也是国内外研究的热点。但目前的研究中针对紫草种类的研究并不多。笔者对新疆紫草、泰山紫草、内蒙紫草、滇紫草以及藏紫草的化学成分和药理作用进行分析比较,进而为紫草在临床的合理应用提供科学依据。     

滇紫草愈伤组织培养的初步研究

滇紫草(Onosma paniculatum)属紫草科滇紫草属植物,其根部皮层富含的紫草素(α—萘醌系列衍生物),可用作治疗外伤与痔疮的药物或高级染料以及化妆品。滇紫草为云南特有,由于人工栽培困难,加之不断采挖,致使这一资源受到严重的破坏,产品供不应求。日本Tabata等对紫草(Lithospermum erythrorhizon)的组织培养进行了一系列的研究,但对滇紫草组织培养以生产紫草素的研究至今未见报道。基于这一现状,我们从1988年开始着手进行滇紫草组织培养的研究,以探讨应用组织培养技术生产紫草素的可能性。     

紫草宁形成相关的基因克隆及其代谢工程

紫草是我国重要的中草药材 ,其中紫草宁是主要的药用成分。目前 ,组织培养技术已经能够工业化生产紫草宁药物。近年来 ,人们运用分子生物学方法和技术 ,从紫草培养细胞中分离和鉴定的一些与紫草宁形成相关的基因克隆 ,并且开展了紫草宁代谢工程的研究。综述了这两方面的主要研究进展 ,并对其后续的基础和应用研究进行了展望。     

紫草药用有新方法

紫草药用有新方法紫草为我国传统中草药,南北各地都有,种类繁多,唯有新疆紫草质量最好．中外科技界、医药界研究结果表明,紫草根中富含多种萘醇化合物,即紫草素及其衍生物,临床应用有抗菌抗炎抗病毒抗癌活性;食品应用是理想的天然红色素;日用化工应用在染料、唇膏...     

根癌农杆菌转化紫草的研究

紫草 (ＬｉｔｈｏｓｐｅｒｍｕｍｅｒｙｔｈｒｏｒｈｉｚｏｎＳｉｅｂ .ｅｔＺｕｃｃ)是传统中药。其根部含有萘醌类化合物—紫草素及其衍生物 ,具有显著的抗菌、抗炎、抗癌以及促进伤口愈合等生理活性。紫草素同时也是一种名贵化妆品染料。科学家对紫草的研究兴趣是基于其资源的缺乏及紫草植物本身所具有的一些特点 ;如 :紫草素及其衍生物的颜色特性可凭借肉眼观察 ,紫草素及其衍生物只在紫草的根部积累 ,紫草素合成的次生代谢途径受多种酶和外界条件 (光照 ,营养等 )的调节等。紫草细胞培养 (Ｆｕｊｉｔａ等 ,1983;叶和春等 ,1991)可以产…     

药用紫草醌类化合物及其药理活性研究进展

紫草是我国传统中药,收载于《中国药典》,有凉血,活血,解毒透疹之功效。紫草的化学成分分为脂溶性和水溶性两大部分,其中脂溶性的醌类化合物为其主要活性成分,包括紫草素类及其二聚体、紫草呋喃类、苯醌类及苯酚类等混源萜类化合物。研究表明药用紫草醌类化合物具有广泛的药理活性,如抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎等活性,近年来,尤其在抗肿瘤药物的研究和开发中,该类化合物已经受到国内外学者的极大关注。为了更好的研究和开发这类天然产物,该文综述了近年来药用紫草的醌类化合物和药理活性进展并讨论了这些化合物的研究前景,为药用紫草的深入研究和开发利用提供依据。     

大孔吸附树脂吸附分离紫草色素的研究

研究了几种大孔吸附树脂对紫草色素的吸附提取。结果表明,NKA-Ⅱ具有较高的吸附量,且易于解吸,适于在新疆紫草细胞大量培养过程中用于对紫草色素的吸附分离。     

云南紫草资源的开发利用

一、引言紫草系紫草科的一种常用中草药,药用部位为根。最早载于《神农本草经》,用于防治麻疹。现代药理研究表明,其主要有效成分为其所含的紫草宁及其衍生物,除供药用外还广泛用于食品和化妆品中。由于大量采挖,栽培困难,紫草资源日趋减少,供不应求。云南紫草资源十分丰富,本文就云南紫草资源分布、利用现状以及开发对策等方面作了初步探讨,供大家参考。     

紫草素在消化系统肿瘤中的抗癌机制研究进展

消化系统肿瘤是威胁我国居民生命健康的重要杀手,其发病率和死亡率均占全部肿瘤的50%左右,研发高效安全的抗肿瘤药物是治疗消化系统肿瘤的基础。植物提取物是抗肿瘤药物的重要来源,紫草素(Shikonin)是一种存在于紫草科植物根茎中的药物成分,它对消化系统肿瘤细胞具有显著的杀伤效果。本文通过检索最近10年紫草素在消化系统肿瘤中发挥抗癌作用的相关文献,对紫草素及其衍生物在消化系统肿瘤中的抗癌机制进行系统归纳整理,并分析了今后紫草素应用于临床治疗消化系统肿瘤的研究方向,为进一步探索紫草素在消化系统肿瘤中的抗癌机制研究和新药研发提供理论依据。     

藻类活性物质对紫草细胞生长和色素形成的影响

本文研究了螺旋藻、栅列藻和织线藻的水提物对新疆紫草和硬紫草细胞生长和色素形成的作用。结果表明不同种类的藻的提取物对不同紫草细胞作用呈现差异。在生长阶段,对新疆紫草,上述3种藻的低浓度提取物促进生长但作用不大,高浓度的螺旋藻和栅列藻提取物强烈抑制生长;对硬紫草,各种藻提取液的所有浓度处理均有促生长作用。在色素形成阶段,连续用高浓度织线藻提取物处理可以加速新疆紫草色素形成,同时提高色素含量。低浓度的织线藻提取液处理能提高硬紫草色素含量。栅列藻的水提物对两种紫草的色素形成均起抑制作用。螺旋藻水提物的适当浓度可加速两种紫草的色素形成。B_5培养基中加高浓度织线藻水提物,可抑制新疆紫草生长阶段的色素形成。     

苏木、紫草等五种中草药抗氧化活性的研究

苏木和紫草的乙酸乙酯提取物有很强的抗氧化活性,知母、七叶一枝花、桃仁等的该种提取物抗氧化效果则较差。维生素C、酒石酸具有一定的协同增效作用。     

Caffeic acid oligomers in Lithospermum erythrorhizon cell suspension cultures

Lithospermum erythrorhizon cells cultured in pigment production (M-9) medium produced lithospermic acid B, a dimerized caffeic acid ester derivative, in quantities similar to the production of shikonin. The cells also produced a related dimer, (+)-rabdosiin. In Linsmaier-Skoog liquid medium, which suppresses shikonin production, both lithospermic acid B and (+)-rabdosiin were still formed. Lithospermic acid, a caffeic acid-rosmarinic acid conjugate, was isolated as a main constituent in Lithospermum hairy root cultures. In the aerial parts of L. erythrorhizon, the content of these phenylpropanoid oligomers was relatively low compared to that of rosmarinic acid.     

中药紫草的化学成分和药理学研究进展

本文对中药紫草(Arnebia euchroma(Royle)Johnst.,Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb.et Zucc.和A.guttata Bunge的干燥根)的化学成分和药理作用的研究进展进行了综述.     

High level expression of chorismate pyruvate-lyase (UbiC) and HMG-CoA reductase in hairy root cultures of Lithospermum erythrorhizon

Shikonin, a red naphthoquinone pigment, is produced by cell cultures of Lithospermum erythrorhizon (Boraginaceae). It is biosynthetically derived from two key precursors, 4-hydroxybenzoate (4HB) and geranyldiphosphate (GPP). The bacterial ubiC gene, encoding chorismate pyruvate-lyase (CPL) which converts chorismate to 4-hydroxybenzoate, was expressed in L. erythrorhizon under the control of the strong (ocs)(3)mas-promoter. This introduced an efficient biosynthetic pathway to 4HB, i.e. a one-step reaction from chorismate, in addition to the endogeneous multi-step phenylpropanoid pathway. Feeding experiments with [1,7-(13)C(2)]shikimic acid showed that in the most active transgenic line, 73% of 4HB was synthesized via the genetically introduced pathway. However, there was no correlation between CPL activity and 4HB glucoside or shikonin accumulation in the transgenic lines. HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) is involved in the biosynthesis of GPP in L. erythrorhizon. Two forms of HMGR1 of Arabidopsis thaliana were expressed in Lithospermum under control of the (ocs)(3)mas promoter. Only moderate increases in enzyme activity were obtained with the complete enzyme, but high activity was achieved using the soluble cytosolic domain of HMGR1. Shikonin accumulation remained unchanged even upon high expression of soluble HMGR.     

Glucosylation of esculetin by plant cell suspension cultures

Cell suspension cultures of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Gardenia jasminoides and Nicotiana tabacum were capable of glucosylating esculetin to esculin (7-hydroxycoumarin-6-O-β-D-glucoside). Especially, a culture strain of Lithospermum erythrorhizon was superior in the esculetin glucosylating capability; 40 to 50% of esculetin administered to the culture medium at early stationary growth stage was converted into esculin within 24 h. The rate of glucosylation was also dependent on the growth stage and the medium composition especially growth hormones and sugar.     

硬紫草细胞悬浮培养和紫草宁及其衍生物的形成

硬紫草细胞悬浮培养形成紫草宁及其衍生物时．细胞生长曲线呈扁平的s形。细胞停止生长后,紫草宁及其衍生物大量形成,二者的动态变化呈负相关。测定丁此过程中培养液的无机元素和可溶性糖含量、溶氧、pH值以及细胞形态的变化情况,可作为硬紫草细胞大规模培养的参考。     

Ethylene induced shikonin biosynthesis in shoot culture of Lithospermum erythrorhizon.

Lithospermum erythrorhizon shoots, cultured on phytohormone-free Murashige and Skoog solid medium, produced shikonin derivatives, whereas shoots cultured in well-ventilated petri dishes, produced small amount. Analysis by gas chromatography revealed the presence of ethylene in non-ventilated petri dishes where the shoots, producing shikonin derivatives, were cultured. Therefore, the possible involvement of ethylene in shikonin biosynthesis of shoot cultures was investigated. Treatment of ethylene or the ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, resulted in increasing shikonin derivatives contents in cultured shoots. Silver ion, an ethylene-response inhibitor, or aminoethoxyvinylglycine, an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, decreased production of shikonin derivatives in cultured shoots. Our results indicate that ethylene is one of the regulatory elements of shikonin biosynthesis in L. erythrorhizon shoot culture.     

紫草素的分离制备方法研究

采取CO2超临界萃取的方法从辽宁硬紫草中提取总紫草色素,用紫外分光光度法测定其含量。分别采用有机溶剂溶解碱液萃取法,直接碱水解法,以及Cu^2 络合法制备紫草素。通过三种紫草素制备方法的比较,确定先经Cu^2 络合纯化处理后再经水解法制备紫草素,收率较高,是实验室中简单、快速、高收率的由天然紫草分离制备紫草素的有效方法。