《分子病毒学》简介

《分子病毒学》是一本系统分类的分子病毒学专著,由中国预防医学科学院病毒研究所侯云德教授编著,预计1990年上半年出版。内容包括医学病毒学、兽医病毒学、昆虫病毒学、植物病毒学以及噬菌体学的主要成就,涉及38个病毒科和30个病毒组。本书共33章,其中6章为总论,27章为各论,分别就各类病毒包括亚病毒的毒粒结构、基因结构与功能、基因组的转录与调节、病毒蛋白的结构与功能、病毒繁殖机理、病毒感染的分子病理、分子流行病学、乃至病毒免疫和预防,干扰素,病毒与肿瘤等各个方面进行了系统地介绍,也包括了作者长期从事实验研究的经验,基本上概括了国内外分子病毒学家的研究成就,反映了80年代分子病毒学的新水平。本书每章有前言,说明其地     

我国医学病毒学发展简况

在党和政府的关怀下,我国医学病毒获得迅速发展,由弱到强,由小到大,由个别地区到全国许多地方开展医学病毒工作,取得一个又一个的成就。过去危害人类健康的天花、麻疹、小儿麻痹、病毒性肝炎、病毒性肺炎、病毒性脑炎、病毒性腹泻、流感等病毒性疾病得到不同程度的控制,有的     

会议报导

第一届亚太地区医学病毒学会议在1988年11月6日—11日在新加坡召开。这次令议由国立新加坡大学、新加坡卫生部、WHO和亚洲病毒快速诊断组织共同发起,共有来自40个国家的400多名代表参加、我国派出33名代表。会议主要内容有肝炎病毒、流感等呼吸病毒,AIDS病毒、疱疹病毒、登革热病毒、汉坦病毒、肿瘤病毒和畅道病毒等综述报告和分会交流、并就病毒感染的快速诊断,分子病毒学,疫苗和抗病毒药物等领域进行交流。     

从肝炎病毒看病毒与宿主相互作用研究的最新进展

病毒病是严重危害人类健康与生命的主要疾病之一.全球丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)慢性感染者达1.7亿,其中20%可能进一步发展为肝硬化和肝细胞癌.目前病毒病的防治措施主要有疫苗接种和药物治疗.但是,人类与病毒斗争历程发展到今天,对于危害严重的主要病毒性疾病仍未研究出有效、价廉、安全的疫苗和药物;而且,不断出现的新病毒病对人类生命健康构成严重威胁.因此,加强病毒学基础研究,特别是病毒与宿主相互作用和病毒感染分子致病机理,以及以此为基础的抗病毒疫苗和药物研究,是当前生物医学研究中的重要方向,对人类重大病毒性传染病防治具有重要理论和实际意义.     

动物病毒学的成就及展望

1我国动物病毒学领域50年的主要成就及相关科学家的贡献 动物病毒学是一门综合性学科,它是建立在生物化学、生物物理学、分子生物学、分子遗传学和生物高新技术等相关学科基础上,其中任一学科的每一次突破,都将带动动物病毒学的飞速发展.80年代以来,生物技术的出现和发展,先后创制了几十种疫苗,通过对免疫预防、诊断技术的系统研究,取得了前所未有的成果.近些年来,人们在病毒特性的研究方面,尤其是在病毒本身基因组结构分析、病毒培养技术、病毒诊断技术、病毒分子流行病学调查以及生物工程疫苗研制等诸多方面,取得了前所未有的巨大成就,标志着动物病毒学已经进入了一个崭新的时代.     

病毒学面临的挑战及其在新世纪发展的机遇

作为微生物学的一个重要分支,病毒学的发展为提高人类健康水平和促进工农业生产做出了突出贡献.我国病毒学虽然在基础研究领域较为薄弱,但在诸如病毒分离、分类和形态研究以及疫苗研制等领域屡有建树,在动植物病毒病的生物防治和人类病毒病以疫苗为主的综合防治方面都做出了具有国际水平的工作.本文尝试从二十世纪医学病毒学的发展出发分析该学科所面临的机遇与挑战,并探讨我国病毒学界应采取的应对策略.     

加强动物病毒学研究，促进动物生产

动物病毒学与教育科研、社会生产、百姓生活等密切相关。我们在利用和享受动物病毒学研究成果的同时,也需要随时应对动物病毒性疫病新发和再现的严峻挑战。跟踪和展示动物病毒学领域最新研究成果有助于我们了解病毒这种最简单的生命形式,也有助于我们驯服和控制病毒并让其服务于社会需要。本专栏稿件包含了冠状病毒、非洲猪瘟病毒、圆环病毒、流感病毒、鸡马立克氏病毒、牛病毒性腹泻病毒等6种动物病毒病原体相关研究报告和综述,汇集了病原进化、表位筛选、病原与宿主互作等诸多研究内容,期望该专栏的出版有助于促进动物病毒性疫病相关研究领域的交流与进步。     

国家自然科学基金委员会生物科学部医学病毒学科对1987年申请项目的评议结果

国家自然科学基金委员会生物科学部1987年共收到480个单位的3341项申请项目,其中医学病毒学科(包括病毒形态学、实验病毒学和分子病毒学)共收到申请项目35项,经专家评议,最后批准资助8项,资助率为22.0％。现将医学病毒学科的批准资助项目公布于后,供大家参考。     

利用免疫蛋白质组学方法筛选高效的疫苗

由福建省医学分子病毒学研究中心研发的我国第一种拥有核心自主知识产权的基因工程疫苗——重组戊型肝炎疫苗,正式获准进入Ⅰ／Ⅱ期临床试验。该疫苗也有望成为世界上继乙肝疫苗之后第二个基因工程病毒疫苗,为病毒性肝炎的防治揭开了崭新的一页,对于我国生物制药产业具有里程碑式的意义。     

中缅树鼩自然感染六种病毒的血清流行病学

中缅树鼩作为一种新型实验动物,在医学生物学上,尤其是病毒学方面的应用受到越来越多的重视.实验动物自身病毒感染会影响动物健康和干扰实验结果,甚至危害实验人员生命安全.所以,实验动物病毒检测一直是动物质量控制的重要部分.中缅树鼩研究迄今缺乏清晰的病毒自然感染资料.为调查中缅树鼩的病毒感染状况,采集野生俘获和人工繁殖的中缅树鼩血清样本272份,全部血清样本通过ELISA方法对乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)表面抗原,丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)总抗体,以及戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)、腺病毒(ADV)、单纯疱疹病毒1型(HSV-1)和2型(HSV-2)的IgG抗体进行了检测.结果表明,ELISA初筛HBV表面抗原有3份阳性样本,但通过乙型肝炎两对半定量检测进一步确认为阴性:抗HCV抗体和抗HEV、ADV、HSV-1 IgO抗体检测均为阴性;抗HSV-2 IgG检测有1份阳性样本.提示仪抗原或抗体血清学指标检测树鼩肝炎结果并不能反应个体携带病毒的状态,应该再进行病毒学指标确认.同时建议中缅树嗣繁殖群应进行HSV-2的筛选,以便杜绝和控制该病毒的感染.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Novel compounds with potent CDK9 inhibitory activity for the treatment of myeloma

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The aim of our study was originally the further development of our recently discovered polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors. A series of new 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized around the original hit, but their PLK1 inhibitory activity was very poor. However the novel compounds showed nanomolar CDK9 inhibitory activity and very good antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226).