高原冻伤大鼠骨骼肌腺苷酸含量的变化

本文以ＨＰＬＣ测定了冷冻前后平原冻伤（ＦＮ）、急性缺氧冻伤（ＦＡＨ）和缺氧习服缺氧冻伤（ＦＨＡＣ）大鼠冻肢腓肠肌中三种腺苷酸含量的变化。模拟６０００ｍ间断性缺氧习服４周大鼠腓肠肌ＡＴＰ含量明显减少,ＡＤＰ和ＡＭＰ含量明显增高;而急性缺氧４ｈ大鼠与ＦＮ组大鼠腓肠肌三种腺苷酸含量无明显差异。冻后２４ｈ各组大鼠冻肢腓肠肌三种腺苷酸含量均明显减少。冻后１２０ｈ三种腺苷酸含量均有不同程度的增高：ＦＮ组腓肠肌ＡＴＰ、ＡＤＰ含量恢复较快,ＦＨＡＣ组ＡＭＰ含量明显高于ＦＮ和ＦＡＨ组。除冻前ＡＴＰ／ＴＡ、ＡＭＰ／ＴＡ及冻后ＡＭＰ含量的变化与组织损伤程度一致外,其余未见一致性的变化。讨论了冻伤后腺苷酸减少的可能原因。作者认为能量代谢变化在平原冻伤与高原冻伤发病中的作用不尽相同;ＡＭＰ降解过程中生成的氧自由基在高原冻伤组织损伤中的作用需进一步研究证实。     

缺氧条件下冻伤对大鼠微循环液血灌流量的影响

本文采用体重２００±２０ｇ健康雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠,随机分为平原冻伤（ＦＮ）组,急性缺氧冻伤（ＦＡＨ）组和缺氧习服缺氧冻伤（ＦＨＡＣ）组,实验观察了大鼠右后肢重度冻伤前后各组大鼠双后肢皮肤微循环灌流量的改变,结果表明,平原冻伤使大鼠以后肢微循环灌流量明显减少,提示局部重度冻伤对微循环的影响不只局限于冻区也涉及到对侧肢体,冻冻前ＦＡＨ组大鼠微循环灌流量已明显低于ＦＮ组,表明生缺氧时血容量进行代偿性的     

缺氧条件下冻伤对大鼠微循环血液灌流量的影响

本文采用体重２００±２０ｇ健康雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠,随机分为平原冻伤（ＦＮ）组、急性缺氧冻伤（ＦＡＨ）组和缺氧习服缺氧冻伤（ＦＨＡＣ）组,实验观察了大鼠右后肢重度冻伤前后各组大鼠双后肢皮肤微循环灌流量的改变。结果表明,平原冻伤使大鼠双后肢微循环灌流量明显减少,提示局部重度冻伤对微循环的影响不只局限于冻区也涉及到对侧肢体。冷冻前ＦＡＨ组大鼠微循环灌流量已明显低于ＦＮ组,表明急性缺氧时血容量进行代偿性的再分配,使微循环灌流量减少;ＦＡＨ组大鼠冻后双后肢微循环灌流量的改变结果提示急性缺氧可加重其冻伤对微循环的损伤程度。ＦＨＡＣ组大鼠冻前微循环灌流量非常明显地低于正常对照,也明显低于急性缺氧对照,表明缺氧习服可造成微循环障碍;ＦＨＡＣ组大鼠冻肢微循环灌流量非常明显地低于ＦＮ组,提示缺氧习服加重高原冻伤引起的微循环障碍。     

急性缺氧和缺氧习服对鼠足冻伤组织存活面积的影响

本工作观察了急性缺氧和缺氧习服对Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠左后足冻伤组织存活面积的影响。急性缺氧冻伤组和平原冻伤组大鼠冻足ＴＳＡ分别为５７．６８％、６０．２５％和６７．７７％、６６．８８％,损伤程度基本相同,表明大鼠模拟６０００ｍ高度急性缺氧８ｈ不加重冻伤引起的组织损伤。大鼠模拟６０００ｍ高度减压缺氧习服１４ｄ或２８ｄ后再作－１５℃或－２０℃冻伤,冻足ＴＳＡ仅为１４、８４％－２３．９１％,明显少于急性缺氧冻     

冷习服大鼠血管内皮细胞适应性改变与抗冻能力的研究

本文观测了冷习服大鼠及其冻伤后血管内皮细胞（ＶＥＣ）的某些功能的变化。结果表明,与未习服组比,冷习服鼠循环血中ＶＥＣ计数显著增加,血中６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α和ＴＸＢ２含量明显升高,而Ｔ／Ｐ比值接近,血清血管紧张素Ⅰ转换酶（ＡＣＥ）活性减低。冻伤后未习服组这些指标除ＡＣＥ显著降低外,其余均急剧升高;而冷习服组仅见短暂轻微的改变或改变不明显,且其冻足组织活存面积亦显著增加。表明冷习服后,ＶＥＣ发生了代谢更新率加快、功能增强的适应性改变,有利于提高机体对寒冷损伤的应激和修复能力     

血循环障碍在高原冻伤中的形态计量观测

本文对高原冻伤中血液循环障碍作形态计量,旨在探讨血循环障碍在冻伤过程中的变化及高原冻伤发病机理中所起的作用。实验选用Ｗｉｓｔａｒ雄性大鼠４０只,随机分为平原冻伤组、急性低氧冻伤组和低氧习服冻伤组。习服组动物于低压舱内模拟海拔６０００ｍ缺氧每日４ｈ,连续两周。其余动物常规饲养。习服期满次日习服组与低氧组一同进入舱内模拟海拔６０００ｍ低氧４ｈ,再行冷冻。冻后继续低氧４ｈ。冻后４８ｈ取材。对各组动物冻后４８ｈ冻肢皮下血管的病变作图象分析。结果发现,平原组血管淤滞、血栓绝对数及其百分比均为最低,习服组最高,低氧组居中。但低氧组与平原组的血栓／淤滞百分比无明显差别。骨骼肌坏死的面积百分比习服组显著高于低氧组与平原组,而后两组间无差别。血栓／淤滞百分比与骨骼肌坏死面积百分比之间的有高度相关关系。冻融是直接引起血管内皮损伤的原发因素,局部血液循环障碍是造成严重的继发损伤的主要原因。     

热习服对大鼠肾脏促红细胞生成素的影响

目的:探讨热习服对大鼠肾脏促红细胞生成素的影响.方法:雄性SD大鼠21只,按体重配对随机分为对照组、单次高温暴露组(高温组)和热习服组,每组7只,各组在各自的实验条件下进行10天,对照组大鼠第11天留取肾脏组织标本;高温组和热习服组第11天进行相同条件的标准热负荷实验后留取肾脏组织标本.采用用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)定量测定肾脏组织中促红细胞生成素(Epo)含量,采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)方法检测肾脏促红细胞生成素mRNA的表达,Western blot技术检测肾脏组织中促红细胞生成素蛋白表达水平的变化.结果:高温组与热习服大鼠肾脏促红细胞生成素水平明显高于对照大鼠(p＜0.05).热习服与高温组大鼠肾脏促红细胞生成素水平无明显差别.经RT-PCR检测,与对照组相比,高温组肾组织Epo mRNA表达显著增强(P＜0.05),而热习服组较高温组明显降低(P＜0.05),但仍然明显高于对照组的水平.Western blot实验中对照大鼠、高温组与热习服大鼠肾脏组织均有明显的Epo蛋白表达.与对照组相比,高温组Epo表达显著增强(P＜0.01),而热习服组较高温组明显降低(P＜0.05),但高于对照组的水平.结论:热习服后大鼠肾脏组织中促红细胞生成素含量明显升高,大鼠肾脏组织中促红细胞生成素mRNA与蛋白的表达均明显增强.提示热习服能显著提高肾脏Epo的表达水平,热习服后红细胞代谢变化可能与Epo水平提高有关.     

免疫复合物参与冻伤大鼠冻结-融化损伤的研究

目的：了解体液免疫在冻结性冻伤损伤病理生理过程中的作用,为冻结性冻伤的预防和治疗提供依据。方法：实验采用Wistar大鼠冻结性冻伤模型,在冻伤前及冻伤后4h、1d、3d和5d测量三种免疫球蛋白（IgG、IgA和IgM）、两种补体（C3和C4）和血清循环免疫复合物的含量;用免疫荧光标记技术检测骨骼肌中的组织免疫复合物含量;用免疫粘附法观察红细胞表面免疫复合物含量变化。结果：大鼠冻伤后血清IgG急剧下降,冻后4h下降至最低值。IgA在冻伤后1d达到最低。血清IgM浓度在冻伤后逐渐增高,冻后5d继续上升。血清循环免疫复合物浓度在冻后逐渐增高,冻后1d达峰值,为冻前的28、8倍（P〈0.01）。冻伤后1d大鼠骨骼肌开始出现免疫复合物沉积。红细胞表面免疫复合物含量明显高于冻前,冻后3d达到高峰（P〈0．01）。结论：研究结果表明,冻结性冻伤是一种免疫复合物相关性疾病,对此国内、外尚未见报道。     

冻伤大鼠血浆中抗凝血酶Ⅲ含量与活性改变的研究

本文用免疫火箭电泳地和单赂免疫扩散法对不同程度冻伤大鼠在冻后不同时间的血浆中抗凝血酶Ⅲ（ＡＴⅢ）的含量与活性的改变进行了观察,实验表明,冻后各冻伤组织 大鼠血交中ＡＴ－Ⅲ的含量一活性呈不同程度的降低,其改变３程度与冻伤程度有密切关系,冻伤愈重,其含量与活性降低愈明显,恢复亦愈慢,结果提示,并举务引起血液抗凝机制减弱,促进或引起血凝机制亢进而导致血液凝固性增强,造成冻伤组织血液徨障碍最终发生组织坏死     

大鼠肾脏纤维结合素的分布以及慢性缺氧对其影响的免疫组化研究

本文采用冰冻切片过氧化酶免疫组织化学染色技术观察正常大鼠肾脏中纤维结合素(FN)的分布及慢性缺氧对其影响。56只成年雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为7组:正常对照0天、5天、15天和30天组以及缺氧5天、15天和30天组。缺氧组采用10％氧浓度常压缺氧箱持续缺氧,对照组则呼吸空气。结果基线组及各对照组肾动脉壁、肾小管外周、肾小球囊及球内毛细血管间均可见FN阳性染色;缺氧5天及15天组FN阳性染色无明显改变;缺氧30天组FN阳性染色明显增多。该研究对于深入探讨慢性呼吸衰竭病人水钠潴留和肾功能异常的发生机理具有一定意义。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.