安徽黄山发现孟闻琴蛙

琴蛙属(Nidirana)是广泛分布于东洋界的两栖动物，目前安徽省琴蛙属仅记录了弹琴蛙 (N. adenopleura)1种。2022年7月在安徽省黄山地区(九龙峰自然保护区和马金岭自然保护区)采集到9号两栖动物标本，其形态特征与孟闻琴蛙(N. mangveni)相似；此外，基于线粒体COI基因片段的分子系统发育分析显示，此次采集到的琴蛙标本与孟闻琴蛙聚为一支，且具有高的支持率(贝叶斯后验概率/最大似然支持率为1.00/98%)，而且和孟闻琴蛙遗传距离最近，与模式产地的孟闻琴蛙遗传距离仅有0.04%。因此，结合形态比较和分子系统学分析，鉴定此次采集的琴蛙属标本为孟闻琴蛙，为安徽省两栖动物分布新记录种。这一发现将孟闻琴蛙的分布范围扩展至皖南地区，为琴蛙属和皖南地区的生物地理学和地史研究提供了重要数据。     

陕西镇坪发现光雾臭蛙

2022年6月在陕西省安康市镇坪县化龙山自然保护区(32°00′01″ N,109°17′05″ E,海拔1 641 m)采集到1号无尾两栖类标本,经形态特征比较确认为臭蛙属(Odorrana)物种,基于线粒体16S rRNA分子片段对臭蛙属35个物种的系统发育进行分析,其与模式产地四川南江的光雾臭蛙(O. kuangwuensis)在最大似然系统发育树中聚为一支,支持率高达99%,且遗传分化较小,应属种内关系。综合形态特征比较和系统发育分析,确定采集到的标本为无尾目(Anura)蛙科(Ranidae)臭蛙属的光雾臭蛙,系陕西省两栖动物分布新记录种,此发现为光雾臭蛙在大巴山脉分布的连续性提供了一定依据。     

陕西宝鸡发现喜山鼠耳蝠

2011年4和8月及2014年4月在陕西省宝鸡市太白县分别采集到2只、1只和1只共4只蝙蝠个体,标本保存于陕西省动物研究所标本馆(标本编号为TB0001、TB0002、TB0017和TB0042)。其主要形态特征为：体型小,头体长34.59 ~ 43.86 mm(n = 4);耳较小,黑色;耳前缘近凸圆,耳后缘在基部有一浅的缺刻;耳屏细长,约为耳长的一半;后足不及胫长的一半;背部毛基黑色,毛尖为赤褐色;腹部毛基为黑色,毛尖为灰褐色;翼膜起始于后足外趾的基部。以上特征均与喜山鼠耳蝠moupinensis亚种(Myotis muricola moupinensis)相符。结合线粒体Cyt b基因序列,构建其系统发生关系,与基因库中宽吻蝠属未定种(Submyotodon sp.)序列聚为较高支持度的一支。综合形态与系统发育证据,参考目前最新的中国兽类物种分类和分布信息,将采集到的标本初步鉴定为喜山鼠耳蝠moupinensis亚种,此次发现是陕西省境内该物种的首次记录,拓展了对其在我国分布范围的认识。     

广东省两栖动物新纪录——长肢林蛙

2011年10月,在广东古田省级自然保护区采集到5只长肢林蛙(Rana longicrus),为广东省两栖动物新纪录。长肢林蛙此前仅发现于台湾,主要分布在台湾北部、中部和西部地区。此新纪录的发现对于促进认识长肢林蛙的形态特征及地理分布格局具有重要意义。     

贵州桐梓发现大别山林蛙

2019年7月在贵州桐梓黄莲自然保护区(107°2'37.31″E,28°29'31.95″N,海拔1 666 m)采集到2号两栖动物标本,经形态特征比较,与大别山林蛙Rana dabieshanensis相似;基于线粒体16S rRNA构建的蛙属Rana部分物种贝叶斯系统发育树显示,此次采集的林蛙标本与大别山林蛙聚为一支,且具有较高的支持率(0.98);基于Kimura双参数模型估算,该标本与大别山林蛙模式产地标本间的遗传距离为0.6%～0.8%,远小于蛙属物种间的遗传距离。综合形态学和系统发育比较,确定此次采集到的标本为无尾目Anura蛙科Ranidae蛙属的大别山林蛙,系贵州省两栖动物分布新记录。     

甘肃碌曲发现黄眉鹀

我国分布的宽耳蝠包括北京宽耳蝠(Barbastella beijingensis)和东方宽耳蝠(B. darjelingensis)2个物种。东方宽耳蝠在我国分布于内蒙古、新疆、青海、陕西、甘肃、河南、湖南、江西、四川、重庆、云南、贵州、台湾等省(自治区、直辖市),但北京宽耳蝠仅记录于北京。2022年7月于山西省祁县昌源河湿地公园林道中(37°19′15″ N,112°26′18″ E,海拔812 m),采集到1只雄性宽耳蝠。该蝠体型中等,前臂长43.7 mm。双耳在额部相连,外耳廓近方形,横嵴明显,耳廓中部外缘具有较小的耳突,其第三掌骨长大于第四掌骨长大于第五掌骨长。颅全长为14.6 mm,具有强壮的上前臼齿和下前臼齿。以上特征均与北京宽耳蝠相符。头骨特征中,与北京宽耳蝠相比其具有较小的颅基长和颅宽,其余头骨测量参数值均与北京宽耳蝠相近。基于Cyt b和ND1基因序列的系统发育学证据亦支持形态鉴定结果。结合外部形态、头骨参数及分子数据,将山西样本鉴定为北京宽耳蝠,为山西省翼手目分布新记录种。     

辽宁沈阳发现韩国林蛙

2021年11月在沈阳市辽中区蒲河湿地公园（41°30′55″ N,122°78′30″ E,海拔30 m）采集到2号无尾两栖类标本,经形态特征比较确认为无尾目（Anura）蛙科（Ranidae）蛙属（Rana）物种,基于线粒体16S rRNA基因对蛙属19个物种的亲缘关系及系统发育进行分析,其与韩国及中国山东文登昆嵛山分布的韩国林蛙（R. coreana）遗传距离最近,并在最大似然树中聚为一支,应属种内关系。综合形态分析和系统发育比较,确定采集到的标本为韩国林蛙,系辽宁省两栖动物分布新记录种。本次发现将辽宁省分布的蛙属物种增至5种。     

山西祁县发现北京宽耳蝠

我国分布的宽耳蝠包括北京宽耳蝠(Barbastella beijingensis)和东方宽耳蝠(B. darjelingensis)2个物种。东方宽耳蝠在我国分布于内蒙古、新疆、青海、陕西、甘肃、河南、湖南、江西、四川、重庆、云南、贵州、台湾等省(自治区、直辖市),但北京宽耳蝠仅记录于北京。2022年7月于山西省祁县昌源河湿地公园林道中(37°19′15″ N,112°26′18″ E,海拔812 m),采集到1只雄性宽耳蝠。该蝠体型中等,前臂长43.7 mm。双耳在额部相连,外耳廓近方形,横嵴明显,耳廓中部外缘具有较小的耳突,其第三掌骨长大于第四掌骨长大于第五掌骨长。颅全长为14.6 mm,具有强壮的上前臼齿和下前臼齿。以上特征均与北京宽耳蝠相符。头骨特征中,与北京宽耳蝠相比其具有较小的颅基长和颅宽,其余头骨测量参数值均与北京宽耳蝠相近。基于Cyt b和ND1基因序列的系统发育学证据亦支持形态鉴定结果。结合外部形态、头骨参数及分子数据,将山西样本鉴定为北京宽耳蝠,为山西省翼手目分布新记录种。     

网衣属3个中国新记录种

该研究以采集于中国新疆地区的网衣科网衣属地衣标本为试验材料,采用形态解剖学、地衣化学物质检测方法和系统发育学方法,观察分析网衣属地衣的形态解剖特征、次生代谢产物以及核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer,ITS)系统发育树,依据形态解剖数据、次生代谢产物种类以及系统发育树分类地位更为综合的鉴定种。结果显示：(1)共鉴定出网衣科网衣属3个中国新记录种——暗色网衣(Lecidea fuscoatrina Hertel & Leuckert)、珠光网衣(Lecidea perlatolica Hertel & Leuckert)和多器网衣(Lecidea polypycnidophora U. Rupr. & Türk),并提供了3个新记录的形态解剖图。(2)ITS系统发育树结果表明,暗色网衣与近缘种Lecidea atrobrunnea原种及亚种、Lecidea fuscoatra、珠光网衣与近缘种Lecidea promiscens以及Lecidea polypycnidophora与近缘种Lecidea andersonii各形成一个分支,依据分支组成可将形态差异不明显的近缘种鉴别开。     

担子菌门总革菌科中国新记录种紫黑点壳菌

[背景] 在陕西省的毛泡桐腐木桩上观察和采集到一株绒毛状真菌子实体,编号为HMNWAFU-CF-HS002。[目的] 为了确定该菌的分类地位,对其进行形态观察及分子鉴定。[方法] 获取宏观彩色图像并对显微结构进行测量、统计和绘图。此外,用PDA培养基分离纯化该菌的培养物,并结合最大似然法、最大简约法和贝叶斯法进行rDNA ITS分子系统学研究。[结果] HMNWAFU-CF-HS002的形态特征与Punctularia atropurpurascens高度相似。系统发育分析将HMNWAFU-CF-HS002聚在P.atropurpurascens的单系分支中。[结论] 结合形态学特征与系统发育结果,HMNWAFU-CF-HS002被鉴定紫黑点壳菌（Punctularia atropurpurascens）,为中国的新记录种。此外,毛泡桐为其新记录寄主。至此,Punctularia属下的3个种,均在中国有分布记录。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various