棕色固氮菌nifS敲除菌株的构建*

从Azotobacter vinelandii中通过PCR扩增了5’和3’端分别缺失264bp和261bp的nifS′片段,克隆至载体pUC18,形成重组质粒pUCS,再通过同源重组的方法,将pUCS插入Azoto-bacter vinelandii的nifS中,形成nifS阻断突变体SU1,经Southern杂交和PCR扩增,证明所得确为nifS阻断突变株。SU1在外加氮源的BBGN培养基中能够快速生长,但在Burk's无氮培养基中,生长却极其缓慢     

自生固氮菌第二固氮酶的研究——Ⅰ.菌种的分离和鉴定

从四川攀枝花钒铁矿周围的土壤中分离出一株具有较高乙炔还原活性的固氮菌,经鉴定为棕色固氮菌(Azotobacter vinelandii),在Asby's培养基上生长时产生黄绿色荧光、还原乙炔。当培养基中加入1μM NaVO_3时,生长旺盛,产生深绿色荧光,具有乙炔还原活性。实验表明,该菌株含有第二固氮酶。     

含铬固氮酶组分I蛋白的纯化和特性

在含Mo固氮培养基中不能生长而在无Mo条件下可固氮生长的固氮菌（Azotobacter vinelandii Lipmann)突变种UW3,能在无Mo而含Cr的无氮培养基中生长。从菌体中分离得到的部分纯固氮酶组分I蛋白含有Cr和Fe原子（Fe/Mo/Cr为11.60:0.41:1.00),并能表达相当于棕色固氮菌野生型固氮菌MoFe蛋白对乙炔和质子还原的70％的活性。与从Mn中生长的UW3菌体中所提取纯化的MnFe蛋白不同,这种含铬蛋白与MoFe蛋白（α2β2)一样,是由两种亚基组成的四聚体。初步结果表明,这种含Cr蛋白可能是一种固氮酶组分I蛋白。     

含铬固氮酶组分Ⅰ蛋白的纯化和特性

在含Mo固氮培养基中不能生长而在无Mo条件下可固氮生长的固氮菌(Azotobacter vinelandii Lipmann)突变种UW3, 能在无Mo而含Cr的无氮培养基中生长.从菌体中分离得到的部分纯固氮酶组分Ⅰ蛋白含有Cr和Fe 原子(Fe/Mo/Cr为11.60∶0.41∶1.00),并能表达相当于棕色固氮菌野生型固氮菌MoFe蛋白对乙炔和质子还原的70%的活性.与从Mn中生长的UW3菌体中所提取纯化的MnFe蛋白不同,这种含铬蛋白与MoFe蛋白(α2β2)一样,是由两种亚基组成的四聚体.初步结果表明,这种含Cr蛋白可能是一种固氮酶组分Ⅰ蛋白.     

含锰固氮酶组分Ⅰ蛋白的纯化和特性

棕色固氮菌（Azotobacter vinelandii Lipmann)突变种UW3能在无Mo的无氨培养基中固氮生长,低浓度的Mn对UW3突变种生长有促进作用,从在Mn中生长的UW3菌体中分离得到的部分纯固氮酶组分Ⅰ蛋白含量有Mn和Fe原子（Fe/Mo/Mn为10．41：0．19：1．00）并有OP MoFe蛋白一半的还原乙炔和质子的活性。这种蛋白的吸收光谱和圆二色谱与MoFe蛋白存在明显的差异,含Mn蛋白的亚基分子量都与MoFe蛋白的α亚基相近。初步结果表明,这种含Mn蛋白可胡是一种固氮酶组分Ⅰ蛋白。     

钼,铁,硫化合物激活曝氧的棕色固氮菌固氮酶钼铁蛋白的研究

曝氧后,棕色固氮菌(Azotobacter vinelandii)固氮酶钼铁蛋白的催化活性和圆二色信号都显著降低,而吸收光谱则显著增加。与钼、铁、硫化合物和二硫苏糖醇组成的重组溶液保温后,曝氢蛋白的圆二色信号和吸收光谱几乎完全恢复至天然状态的同时,乙炔还原活性也得到了显著的恢复,表明重组溶液可使曝氧蛋白中的 P-cluster和其它活性部位都得到了不同程度的修复。     

固氮蓝藻与棕色固氮菌固氮酶组分的交叉互补功能

本文报告了藻菌之间固氮酶组分的交叉互补试验。初步结果证明：固氮蓝藻(Anabaena azotica水生686)的钼铁蛋白与棕色固氮菌(Azotobacter vinelandii)的铁蛋白之间存在着明显的互补功能。但这种蓝藻的铁蛋白在非细胞形态下很不稳定,易于失活。本实验为不同生理类型和不同进化程度的固氮生物之间固氮酶组分的交叉互补研究提供了新的资料。     

农业其它

在含有可溶性铁的培养基上,维涅兰德固氮菌(Azotobacter vinelandii)能促进根癌土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)r的菌株H2、H23、H24、H27以及ATCC15955的生长。     

氧敏感蛋白空间晶体生长的研究

为适应固氮酶蛋白等厌氧蛋白质空间晶体生长的要求,应在地面用简易而适用的厌氧加样装置以优化这类蛋白的结晶条件。用塑料袋或简易箱代替固氮酶实验室常用的笨重厌氧箱,获得了缺失nifZ因氮菌（Azotobacter vinelandii Lipmann）突变种的MoFe蛋白和含锰固氮培养基中生物的UW3的MnFe蛋白晶体,并在远离固氮酶实验室的地方,使用由小仪器塑料袋和急求用的氩气袋组成的更轻便的厌氧装置,用坐滴法也能使这两种蛋白结晶出来。结果表明,利用上述简易厌氧装置有望达到以上2种厌氧蛋白空间晶体生长的要求。     

利用整合诱变技术进行棕色固氮菌nifH^—突变株的构建

用含有克氏肺炎杆菌(Klebsiella Pneumoniae)nifH基因的质粒P~(pC12101)对棕色固氮菌(Azotobacter vinelandii)301进行了定点整合诱变,得到了29株抗氨苄青霉素的菌株。进一步的乙炔还原活性测定表明,其中可能含有12株第一固氮酶nifH基因突变的菌株,8株第二固氮酶nifH基因突变的菌株。     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various