云南傣族、景颇族、阿昌族PTC尝味能力的测定

用阈值法对云南德宏州的傣族、景颇族、阿昌族2327人进行了苯硫脲（PTC）味阈的测定,结果表明：不同民族尝味阈值差异高度显著（P<0.01）,不同民族的味盲率有高度显著性差异,三个民族总计,男女尝味阈值差异高度显著,味盲率差异高度显著;傣族、景颇族和阿昌族中,男女尝味阈值均有高度显著差异;傣族、景颇族的男女性别的味盲率间有高度显者性差异,阿昌族性别味盲率间无显著性差异（P<0.05）;三个民族总计,少年与成年组尝味阈值间有高度显著性差异,而味盲率间无显著性差异。傣、景二个民族不同年龄的尝味阈值间有高度显著性差异,阿昌族年龄的尝味阈值间无显著性差异;傣、景民族年龄间的味盲率无显著性差异,而阿昌族味盲率有显著性差异（0.05>P>0.01）。     

藏、珞巴、汉族PTC味阈的测定

用阈执法对西藏的藏、珞巴、汉族共1012人进行了苯硫脲（PTC）味阈的测定。以3号液为味盲界限。结果表明：不同民族尝味阈值差异极显著（P<0.01）,不同民族味盲率呈显著性差异（P<0.05）;三民族总计中男女尝味阈值差异极显著（P<0.01）,藏族中男女尝味阈值差异极显著（P<0.01）,珞巴族中男女尝味阈值差异显著（P<0.05）,不同性别味盲率无显著性差异。     

新疆伊犁锡伯族和蒙古族的苯硫脲尝味能力测定

用阈值法对新疆伊犁的锡伯族1121人和蒙古族679人的苯硫脲尝味能力进行了测定,结果表明,锡伯族中味盲率为19.98％,味盲基因频率为0.4470,平均尝味阈值为8.53±1.25;蒙古族中味盲率为15.17％,味盲基因频率为0.3895,平均尝味阈值为8.10±1.49。味盲率、平均尝味阈值和味盲基因频率在锡伯族男女间无明显差异(P>0.05),而在蒙古族中,味盲率与味盲基因频率分布男女间差异显著(P<0.01)。在上述这两个民族中,少年组的味盲率高于成年组。对同一受试者的ABO血型与卷舌能力也进行了观察和分析。     

新疆伊犁维吾尔族和哈萨克族苯硫脲尝味能力测定

用阈值法对新疆伊犁的维吾尔族１２７４人,哈萨克族２０８０人的苯硫脲尝味能力进行了测定。结果表明,维吾尔族中味盲率为１５．２３％,味盲基因频率为０．３９０２,平均尝味阈值为６．９７±２．８７;哈萨克族中味盲率为１８．１２％,味盲基因频率为０．４２５７,平均尝味阈值为６．４４±２．９４。经显性检验,在维吾尔族和哈萨克族中,味盲率,平均尝味阈值和味盲基因频率在同一民族男女间无明显差异,在维吾尔族和哈萨     

新疆地区七个民族苯硫脲味阈的测定

用阈值法测定了新疆地区七个民族共4259人(10—60岁之间、相互无血缘关系者)的苯硫脲(PTC)味阈值。以4号测定液算起为味盲者,味盲频率分别为:柯尔克孜族152人中的64人(42.1%)、哈萨克族1089人中的374人(34.3%)、乌孜别克族112人中的34人(30.4%)、塔塔尔族39人中的11人(28.2%)、维吾尔族2271人中的630人(27.7%)、锡伯族371人中的76人(20.5%)和汉族225人中的20人(8.9%)。柯尔克孜族应属于 PTC 味盲的超高频型,维吾尔、哈萨克、乌孜别克和塔塔尔族属高颊型,锡伯族属中间型,汉族属低颊型。味盲频率应为味盲纯合子(tt)频率,由此算出了隐性基因(t)和显性基因(T)频率以及尝味杂合子(Tt)和尝味纯合子(TT)等基因型频率。味盲频率除维吾尔和哈萨克族男性多于女性外,在其余五个民族中未见到性别差异。     

湖北汉族的苯硫脲（PTC）味盲基因频率调查研究

为测定湖北省汉族大学生苯硫脲(PTC)味盲基因频率,采用阈值法,对湖北郧阳医学院853名(男419、女434)汉族大学生的苯硫脲(PTC)尝味敏感性进行调查分析,并根据Hardy-Weiberg定律,计算基因频率和基因型频率.根据调查结果提出尝味能力与民族、地理位置以及某些疾病有关.     

新疆蒙古族对糖精和乙酰水杨酸尝味能力的分析

对710名（男328人,女382人）新疆蒙古族进行了糖精和乙酰水杨酸尝味能力的检测分析。结果表明,蒙古人群中的糖精味盲率为4.648％,没有尝味能力的隐性基因频率为0.2156,具有尝味能力的显性基因频率为0.7844,平均尝味阈值为8.009 ±1.34（0.108mol/L）。乙酰水杨酸的尝味阈值分布出现了非常明显的双峰一谷分布,表明该性状是单基因决定的性状,谷底7号液（3.00X10-4mol/L）是味盲的界限,味盲的峰值在1号液（1.7X10-2mol/L）,尝味者的峰值在11号液（1.25X10-5mol/L）,味盲率为90.282％,。经x2检验,男、女性的味盲率元显著差异（P>0.90）,表明决定乙酰水杨酸尝味能力的基因位于常染色体,对该基因的显隐性等特点尚需通过家系分析进行确定。     

中国不同民族中苯硫脲味盲基因频率的研究

用阈值法对中国15个不同民族的苯硫脲味盲基因频率进行了研究,共调查了7495人。结果表明,味盲基因(t)的频率以撒拉族为最高(0.3989),其余依次为鄂温克族(0.3886),甘肃回族(0.3586),藏族(0.3521),朝鲜族(0.3445),蒙古族(0.3279),广东回族(0.3259),苗族(0.3216),东乡族(0.3206),达斡尔族(0.3193),羌族(0.3129),汉族(0.3113),鄂伦春族(0.3030),保安族(0.2953),彝族(0.2635),而以黎族的频率为最低(0.2150)。各民族间味盲百分率差异是极显著的(p<0.01),各民族总计中尝味平均阈值在男、女之间也有极显著差异(p<0.001),而男、女受试者中的味盲率则没有显著差异。     

甘肃、青海十个民族中苯硫脲尝味能力测定

本文用Harris和Kalmus改良阈值法对甘肃、青海两省汉、回、东乡、保安、藏、裕固、蒙古、撒拉、土、哈萨克等十个民族共计7008人进行了测定。以三号液为味盲界线。结果表明:l)各民族味盲发生率差异极显著(P<0.001),其中保安族味盲发生率是到目前为止我国大陆各民族中发现的仅高于黎族的民族;味盲总发生率与日本人相近。2)各民族总计中男性与女性味盲百分率无显著差异,但尝味阈值女性显著低于男性。3)色觉异常患者与尝味能力的关系与国内外其它学者结果不同,即味盲率和尝味阈值与色觉异常无关。     

汉族人群中三种物质尝味能力的分析

以苯硫腺(PTC) 糖精(Saccharin)和乙酞水杨酸（Aspirin）分别对同一汉族群体进行味14测定,结果表明苯硫脉与塘精的苦味感受无正相关性,糖精味盲率4.55%,隐性味盲基因频率为0.2132,x²检验r>0.05。乙酞水杨酸的酸味盲存在,味盲率31.07%,隐性味盲基因频率为0.5574,x²检验P>0.050糖精与乙酷水杨酸测试中男、女性味盲率无显著性差异。乙酸水杨酸的男、女性尝味能力经t测验无显著差异,糖精测试中则有显著差异。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Novel compounds with potent CDK9 inhibitory activity for the treatment of myeloma

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The aim of our study was originally the further development of our recently discovered polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors. A series of new 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized around the original hit, but their PLK1 inhibitory activity was very poor. However the novel compounds showed nanomolar CDK9 inhibitory activity and very good antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226).