复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病的致病菌种鉴定及药敏试验分析

目的 了解STD门诊复发性外阴道念珠菌病(RVVC)和外阴阴道念珠菌病(VVC)的致病菌种分布及对常用抗真菌药物的敏感状况,为临床治疗提供参考.方法 用沙氏琼脂培养基分离纯化菌株,然后用ATB ID 32C酵母菌鉴定系统和ATB Fungus3药敏系统进行菌种鉴定与药物敏感试验.结果 280份标本中检出白色念珠菌201株,占71.79％;非白色念珠菌79株,占28.21％,其中光滑念珠菌42株,占15％.VVC组与RVVC组抗真菌药物比较,VVC组对氟康唑的敏感率高于RVVC组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 STD门诊患者阴道念珠菌病检出菌种仍以白色念珠菌为主,但RVVC组非白色念珠菌比例高于VVC组.非白色念珠菌中光滑念珠菌占比例最高.VVC组氟康唑的敏感率高于RVVC组.     

复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病的致病菌种鉴定及药敏分析

目的:探究复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病致病菌的菌种分布及耐药情况,指导临床治疗。方法:收集210例念珠菌性外阴阴道炎患者阴道分泌物标本,其中复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病(RVVC)组76例,外阴阴道念珠菌病(VVC)组134例。运用科玛嘉显色培养基法进行菌种鉴定和药物敏感试验。结果:在210例病例中,RVVC组中白色念珠菌54株(71.05%),光滑念珠菌15株(19.74%),热带念珠菌4株(5.26%),克柔念珠菌2株(2.63%),近平滑念珠菌1株(1.32%)。非白色念珠菌中以光滑念珠菌为主,在RVVC组中的比例明显高于VVC组,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。药敏试验显示,RVVC的念珠菌株中仅8株对7种药物全部敏感,23株敏感药物<5种,其中1株仅对制霉菌素敏感;对药物的敏感率为制霉菌素(97.37%)>克霉唑(60.52%)>酮康唑(51.32%)>伊曲康唑(36.84%)>咪康唑(35.53%)>氟康唑(23.68%)>特比奈芬(10.53%)。结论:白色念珠菌仍是RVVC的主要致病菌,非白色念珠菌比例在RVVC组中显著高于VVC组,其中以光滑念珠菌为主。念珠菌对制霉菌素敏感率最高,对唑类药物耐药性有增加趋势。     

复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病的致病菌种鉴定及药敏分析

目的：探究复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病致病菌的菌种分布及耐药情况,指导临床治疗。方法：收集210例念珠菌性外阴阴道炎患者阴道分泌物标本,其中复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病（RVVC）组76例,外阴阴道念珠菌病（VVC）组134例。运用科玛嘉显色培养基法进行菌种鉴定和药物敏感试验。结果：在210例病例中,RVVC组中白色念珠菌54株（71.05%）,光滑念珠菌15株（19.74%）,热带念珠菌4株（5.26%）,克柔念珠菌2株（2.63%）,近平滑念珠菌1株（1.32%）。非白色念珠菌中以光滑念珠菌为主,在RVVC组中的比例明显高于VVC组,有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。药敏试验显示,RVVC的念珠菌株中仅8株对7种药物全部敏感,23株敏感药物〈5种,其中1株仅对制霉菌素敏感;对药物的敏感率为制霉菌素（97.37%）〉克霉唑（60.52%）〉酮康唑（51.32%）〉伊曲康唑（36.84%）〉咪康唑（35.53%）〉氟康唑（23.68%）〉特比奈芬（10.53%）。结论：白色念珠菌仍是RVVC的主要致病菌,非白色念珠菌比例在RVVC组中显著高于VVC组,其中以光滑念珠菌为主。念珠菌对制霉菌素敏感率最高,对唑类药物耐药性有增加趋势。     

女性生殖道解脲支原体感染与外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病关系的研究

目的探讨女性生殖道解脲支原体(Ureaplasma urealyticum,Uu)感染与外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(Vulvovaginal candidiasis,VVC)的相关性,为VVC及Uu感染的防治提供临床依据。方法回顾性分析2011年11月至2014年9月于西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院妇科门诊因不同症状就诊患者的阴道分泌物检测结果。结果 3 117例患者中,明确感染者共2 077例,阳性检出率为66.6%;所有被检者中VVC患者占17.1%(533/3117),Uu患者占40.7%(1270/3117);Uu阳性组VVC检出率(19.9%)高于Uu阴性组(15.2%)。结论 Uu感染者易合并外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病。因此,在诊断VVC时应尽量同时检测Uu,便于进一步指导治疗,减少复发性外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis,RVVC)的发生。     

RVVC患者阴道分泌物中SP-A的表达及意义

旨在探讨肺表面活性物质相关蛋白A(SP-A)在复发性外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(RVVC)患者阴道分泌物中的表达及意义。收集RVVC患者、外阴阴道假丝酵母菌患者(VVC)及健康体检者(对照组)阴道分泌物各20例,用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)测定各组中SP-A蛋白的含量,用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法检测各组中SP-A的基因表达情况。用ELISA方法检测各组中SP-A蛋白的含量发现,VVC组的SP-A明显高于对照组(P0.05),RVVC组的SP-A高于对照组及VVC组(P0.05)。RT-PCR检测结果发现,VVC组的SP-A mRNA的表达水平高于对照组(P0.05),RVVC组的SP-AmR-NA的表达水平明显高于对照组及VVC组(P0.05)。SP-A可能是RVVC患者抗假丝酵母菌的重要物质,其性质或数量的改变可能在RVVC的发病机制中发挥重要作用。     

大鼠外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病模型中局部与全身免疫机制的研究

外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(VVC)是妇女常见病及多发病,白假丝酵母(白色念珠菌)是其主要致病菌。我们通过在大鼠皮下注射大剂量雌激素建立大鼠的假发情模型,然后在大鼠阴道内接种白假丝酵母(白色念珠菌)SC5314悬液,建立大鼠的外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病模型。在不同时间点检测大鼠血浆中及阴道局部白细胞介素‐2(IL2)、甘露糖结合凝集素(MBL)、Toll样受体‐4(TLR4)的值,探讨VVC及复发性外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(RVVC)的免疫发病机制。我们发现大鼠血清中只有TLR4在第2周出现显著性上升,而在阴道灌洗液中,IL2在第3周显著下降,TLR4在第2和第3周显著上升,MBL在第1至第3周均显著下降。由此我们推断在外阴阴道假丝酵母菌发病过程中,阴道局部免疫功能异常可能与VVC和RVVC的发生密切相关。     

男性生殖道真菌感染菌种构成及耐药分析

目的探讨男性生殖道真菌感染病原菌的种类构成及耐药性,为临床治疗提供依据。方法采集2367份男性患者生殖道分泌物立即送检采用法国生物梅里埃公司Vitek2-Compact进行菌种鉴定以及ATB FUNGUS3真菌药敏试剂条进行药敏试验。结果 2 367例男性生殖道炎症患者中,共检出真菌410例,检出率为17.32%,其中白色假丝酵母菌303株,占73.90%;近平滑假丝酵母菌75株,占18.29%;热带假丝酵母菌16株,占3.90%;4种假丝酵母菌对两性霉素B的敏感率为100.00%;白色假丝酵母菌和热带假丝酵母菌对伏立康唑、氟康唑、依曲康唑耐药率分别为1.65%、1.32%、7.59%和12.50%、12.50%、18.75%。结论假丝酵母菌在男性生殖道感染中占有一定比例;菌种以白色假丝酵母菌为主,近平滑假丝酵母菌次之。因为它们对唑类抗真菌药物有不同程度的耐药,所以临床应加强假丝酵母菌的检测和药敏分析,合理选用药物。     

黄连总生物碱对外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病患者阴道微生态影响

目的探讨黄连总生物碱治疗外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(VVC)的疗效及对阴道微生态的影响。方法选取VVC非妊娠期患者101例,按照随机数表法分为观察组(50例)和对照组(51例),观察组使用黄连总生物碱阴道栓,对照组使用克霉唑阴道片,观察两种药物对VVC临床效果及对阴道微生态影响。结果观察组治愈率为83.67%,总有效率96.00%,对照组治愈率为86.00%,总有效率96.00为%,两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后观察组乳杆菌分级正常所占比例显著高于对照组(P0.05),两组VVC症状评分、分群密集度与多样性差异均无统计学意义。结论黄连总生物碱治疗VVC的临床疗效基本等同于克霉唑,在乳杆菌分级方面优于克霉唑。     

外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病伴发支原体及沙眼衣原体感染的研究

为研究外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(Vulvovaginal Candidiasis,VVC)患者合并支原体和衣原体感染情况,对86例复发性VVC(recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis,RVVC)患者、219例单纯性VVC患者以及健康妇女200例,分别进行解脲脲原体(Ureaplasma urealyticum,Uu)、人型支原体(mycoplasma hominis,Mh)和沙眼衣原体(Chlamydia trachomatis,CT)检测;所有VVC病例均进行真菌培养。RVVC组和单纯VVC组与对照组之间Uu、Mh及Uu混合Mh阳性率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。而三组之间CT和CT混合支原体阳性率比较,均无显著性差异(P0.05)。真菌培养阳性组与阴性组之间,Uu阳性率比较有显著性差异(P0.05),而CT阳性率比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。结果表明,VVC患者合并Uu感染较正常人群明显增高,假丝酵母菌与Uu混合感染可能导致VVC的发生和复发。     

健康人群口腔酵母菌的分离及菌种分布

目的调查健康人群口腔酵母菌的分布。方法将来源于健康人的口腔拭子接种于改良SDA培养基,37℃培养14d,分到的酵母菌通过菌落形态、革兰染色作初步鉴定．芽管形成试验、厚膜孢子生成及假菌丝产生试验、YBC酵母鉴定卡作菌种鉴定。结果酵母菌在健康人口腔中总分离率为8．78％(86／979),其中较多的为白色假丝酵母菌37株,占43．02％,近平滑假丝酵母菌和季也蒙假丝酵母菌各9株,各占10．47％,葡萄牙假丝酵母菌6株,占6．98％,其他25株。结论健康人口腔中有多种条件致病酵母菌的寄生。     

Proteinase detection,DNA typing and antimycotic susceptibility of Candida isolates from Colombian women with vulvovaginal candidiasis

Forty non-pregnant Colombian women (ages 18-45) with vulvovaginal candidiasis diagnosis (VVC) were enrolled in a blinded study to compare the efficacy of Itraconazole (ITRA) 400 mg vs. Fluconazole (FLU) 150 mg. Sexual partners received similar therapy. Proteinase detection by the Staib method and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for FLU and ITRA by Etest method were performed in all Candida isolates. Patients were followed one year to determine clinical evolution and recurrence of VVC (RVVC). The strain identity of the RVVC isolates was determined by contour-clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) gel electrophoresis karyotyping and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Thirty patients (75%) had one or two episodes of VVC/year, 83% of these were due to Candida albicans, while ten patients (25%) developed RVVC (three or more episodes/year); seven of them were treated with FLU. Non-C. albicans Candida species were detected in five of 30 (17%) of the patients with VVC and in seven of ten (70%) patients with RVVC (p=0.003). Isolates from nineteen patients were proteinase positive. Proteinase production and type of treatment were not related to recurrence of VVC (p>0.05). DNA typing revealed that in this population RVVC might be due to the same strain, substrain shuffling or different strains and species.     

吸毒人群口腔念珠菌的药物敏感性分析

目的了解吸毒人群口腔念珠菌对常用抗真菌药物的敏感性,为临床治疗念珠菌病提供参考资料。方法采用美国CLSI推荐的微量稀释法测定75株念珠菌对4种常用抗真菌药物两性霉素B、5-氟胞嘧啶、氟康唑和酮康唑的药物敏感性。结果 75株吸毒人群口腔念珠菌对两性霉素B、5-氟胞嘧啶、氟康唑和酮康唑的耐药率分别为0%、4%、8%和13.3%(P0.01),对氟康唑和酮康唑的交叉耐药率为8%;非白念珠菌对氟康唑和酮康唑的耐药率高于白念珠菌(P0.05)。结论吸毒人群口腔念珠菌对两性霉素B和5-氟胞嘧啶的敏感性高于对氟康唑和酮康唑的敏感性。吸毒人群口腔念珠菌存在着对氟康唑、酮康唑和5-氟胞嘧啶的天然耐药株和对唑类药物的天然交叉耐药株,且非白念珠菌对氟康唑和酮康唑的耐药率及交叉耐药率高于白念珠菌。     

临床酵母样真菌的感染特点及耐药性研究

目的了解临床酵母样真菌的感染类型、分布以及耐药情况,为临床诊断治疗提供合理的用药依据.方法采用常规方法进行真菌培养,用科玛嘉显色培养基联合法国生物梅里埃API 20C AUX鉴定条进行鉴定,药敏试验采用微量稀释法.结果864株酵母样真菌中,白色念珠菌619株（71.6%）,其次为热带念珠菌116株（13.4%）和克柔念珠菌47株（5.4%）,非白色念珠菌感染的比例逐年上升（21.5%）.其中,呼吸道标本酵母样真菌检出率最高,达79.7%,其次是消化道为8.8%,泌尿道为4.7%.科室分布依次为干部科、呼吸科、急诊内科、血液科等;白色念珠菌对两性霉素B、5-氟胞嘧啶高度敏感,达90%以上,对氟康唑和伊曲康唑的敏感性有所降低.结论酵母样真菌的检出率与患者基础疾病密切相关;对氟康唑等药物的敏感性有下降的趋势,未发现对4种药物同时耐药的菌株,提示在治疗中,药敏监测是非常必要的.     

外阴阴道念珠菌病、复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病及健康人群甘露糖结合凝集素水平的分析研究

目的观察健康人群、外阴阴道念珠菌病(VVC)和复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病(RVVC)的甘露糖结合凝集素水平。方法收集健康人群、VVC和RVVC病例,给予规范化治疗,观察治疗前、后各组MBL水平的变化,并进行随访。结果发现各组的MBL水平VVC组>RVVC组>健康组,但各组之间及各组本身治疗前后的MBL差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。治疗后VVC组复发者5例,占14%,RVVC组复发者13例,达到48%,两组复发者与未复发者的MBL水平,经t检验无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 MBL的水平在VVC患者中的水平高于RVVC患者,两者的复发率基本与既往文献报道一致,对于VVC患者来说,MBL水平高于0.8 ng/mL似乎患RVVC的风险稍小些。     

Correlation of Candida species and symptoms among patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis in Maringá, Paraná, Brazil

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an infection caused by abnormal yeast growth in the mucosa of the female genital tract which is commonly diagnosed in gynecology. The aim of this study was to correlate the frequency of yeasts and their respective species in asymptomatic women with different clinical manifestation of VVC; evaluate possible relationships between number of fungus colonies and symptoms in this pathology. All patients who visited the laboratory within a period of five months, for routine examinations of vaginal secretion, independent of the presence or absence of symptoms of VVC were included in this study. Of these, women with immunodeficiency or with an infection of the genital tract by another agent were excluded. Candida albicans was the most frequently yeast isolated (60%). Among non-C. albicans yeasts, 61.5% were isolated of the asymptomatic women, 38.7% from patients with VVC and 11.1% of those from patients with RVVC. C. albicans was associated with symptoms of VVC and while, the presence of non-C. albicans yeasts with asymptomatic women. However, there was no association between the number of fungal colonies and symptoms.     

Vulvovaginal candidiasis is associated with the production of germ tubes by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Candida albicans</Emphasis>

Twenty Candida albicans strains isolated from women attended at the Teaching and Research in the Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Clinical Analysis of the State University of Maringa, Paraná, Brazil, have been analyzed. Yeasts were identified by classical methods and patients subdivided into asymptomatic, vulvovaginal candidiasis(VVC) and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) groups. Yeasts were incubated in RPMI + fetal calf serum to analyze germ tubes every two hours, up to 10 h. In vitro sensitivity to fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, amphotericin B and nystatin was analyzed according to NCCLS-M27-A microdilution assay. Yeast isolated from symptomatic women produced significantly more germ tubes than asymptomatic women (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference between yeasts from VVC and RVVC occurred (P > 0.05). Variation between MIC₅₀ and MIC₉₀ of tested antifungal agents was slight among isolated yeasts, while no resistant yeasts were detected. Nevertheless, VVC yeasts were more DDS (reduced dose-dependent susceptibility) for nystatin and RVVC were more DDS for ketoconazole. Results suggest that colonization by yeast in the vagina and lack of symptoms may be partially explained by the yeast’s sparse capacity to form germ tubes, On the other hand, RVVC was not associated with antimicrobial resistance. DDS high frequency for nystatin and ketoconazole indicates that identification, and susceptibility of antifungals tests are important to management of VVC.     

临床分离161株念珠菌菌种鉴定及氟康唑药敏试验分析

目的调查临床分离的念珠菌种类及其对氟康唑的敏感性。方法采用科玛嘉念珠菌显色培养基和YBC平板对山东大学齐鲁医院细菌室分离到的161株念珠菌进行鉴定,并对分离出的白念珠菌分别采用NCCLS推荐的微量稀释法和ROSCO药敏纸片法对氟康唑进行药物敏感性试验。结果在161株念珠菌中白念珠菌为69．57％,热带念珠菌为19．88％,近平滑念珠菌为4．97％,克柔念珠菌为2．48％,光滑念珠菌为1．86％,其他念珠菌为1．24％。两种方法药敏结果显示：112株白念珠菌对氟康唑的敏感率分别为96．43％和97．32％,仅有2株耐药。结论白念珠菌仍然是我院分离率最高的念珠菌,其次是热带念珠菌和近平滑念珠菌。白念珠菌对氟康唑仍敏感,耐药菌株极少。     

北京朝阳医院深部真菌感染的临床分析和药敏试验

目的对院内临床深部真菌感染的标本进行分离鉴定和药敏试验,为临床感染性疾病提供病原学诊断和合理使用抗真菌药物的依据。方法采用念珠菌显色培养基进行鉴定。对真菌(丝状菌)用棉蓝染色直接镜检和培养相结合的方法进行鉴定。采用纸片扩散法进行药敏试验。结果450株真菌标本中,念珠菌396株,占88.0%;真菌(丝状菌)54株,占12.0%。分离菌株对药物的敏感性分别为氟康唑90.15%,两性霉素B97.98%,伊曲康唑91.67%,氟胞嘧啶89.1%。结论院内真菌感染以念珠菌最为多见,特别是白念珠菌和热带念珠菌。     

生殖道念珠菌病病原真菌的调查及药敏试验

目的了解本地区生殖道念珠菌病病原真菌构成及其体外药敏试验情况。方法采用科玛嘉念珠菌显色培养基和YBC鉴定卡对患者1164份生殖道标本的致病真菌进行分离和鉴定,并用ROSCO纸片扩散法检测分离菌株对制霉菌素、酮康唑、氟康唑、伊曲康唑、咪康唑和特比萘芬的药敏情况。结果共分离9种295株念珠菌,其中自念珠菌为85．76％,近平滑念珠菌为7．46％,光滑念珠菌为3．39％,其他念珠菌为3．39％。295株念珠菌对制霉菌素、酮康唑、氟康唑、伊曲康唑、咪康唑和特比萘芬的敏感性分别为99．66％、97．29％、89．83％、72．22％、46．44％和36．61％。结论本地区生殖道念珠菌病患者致病菌分布以白念珠菌为主,体外药敏显示制霉菌素、酮康唑和氟康唑有较好的敏感性。