YXXM 基序对J 亚群禽白血病病毒复制的影响

[目的]毒株NX0101是骨髓瘤病变型J亚群禽白血病病毒,其早期感染细胞能诱导PI3 K/Akt信号转导通路的激活,本文针对NX0101毒株是否存在YXXM基序及其作用进行了探讨.[方法]利用TMpred软件对NX0101毒株囊膜蛋白(Env)的氨基酸序列进行生物信息学分析,通过搭桥PCR方法将YXXM基序相应的核苷酸序列突变后,构建突变质粒并转染DF-1细胞,拯救出YXXM突变体毒株NX0101 mt( Y/F,M/A),利用real-time PCR和ELISA方法检测并比较YXXM突变前后毒株在RNA水平和蛋白水平的复制情况.[结果]NX0101毒株Env胞浆区554 -557位氨基酸存在典型的PI3K结合基序YXXM.YXXM基序突变后,病毒RNA转录水平和病毒蛋白合成水平都显著下降.[结论]YXXM基序对NX0101毒株在体外宿主细胞中复制发挥重要的作用.     

致蛋鸡血管瘤J亚群禽白血病病毒cDNA全序列分析

【目的】了解近年来我国商品蛋鸡群中以血管瘤为主要表型的J亚群禽白血病病毒(Avian Leukosis Virus subgroup J,ALV-J)的分子生物学特性,为控制ALV-J在鸡群中流行提供基础资料。【方法】采用PCR扩增和序列分析技术,对分离自血管瘤或者血管瘤与髓样细胞瘤(Myeloid Leukosis,ML)并存的3株蛋鸡ALV-J毒株前病毒DNA的全序列及3株商品蛋鸡血管瘤型分离毒和1株商品蛋鸡ML型分离毒的致瘤关键性序列进行研究。【结果】来自血管瘤或者血管瘤与ML并存的商品蛋鸡分离毒株与来自肉鸡分离毒株的全序列差异明显,在遗传进化树上分属两个大的分支;研究发现商品蛋鸡血管瘤及ML混合病例分离毒JS09GY3与JS09GY6株的引物结合位点(Primer Binding Site,PBS)-Leader中出现极为罕见的连续19bp的插入突变,其与劳斯相关病毒1(Rous Associated Virustype1,RAV-1)、劳斯相关病毒2(Rous Associated Virustype2,RAV-2)及劳斯肉瘤病毒施密特-鲁宾二氏[Rous sarcoma virus(strain Schmidt-RuppinB),RSV-SRB]毒株序列相同;通过对U3区调控元件的分析,发现血管瘤商品蛋鸡病例分离毒NHH与JS09GY5的U3区各发生1处连续序列缺失,出现了极为独特的c-Est-1、TCF11及C/EBP结合位点,这些调控元件可能与病毒的致肿瘤特性相关;所测的5株血管瘤商品蛋鸡分离毒均保留完整E元件,而所有肉鸡分离毒的E元件均发生了几乎相同的大部分序列缺失;首次发现血管瘤商品蛋鸡分离毒JS09GY3的E元件中有11bp的连续插入序列。【结论】商品蛋鸡血管瘤型ALV-J与肉鸡分离毒在全序列上差异明显,U3、DR1和E元件等区域有一部分特殊的突变与毒株的宿主类型和肿瘤表型有一定关系,其功能尚需进一步研究。而血管瘤型、髓细胞瘤型ALV-J可能是ALV-J与其它反转录病毒的重组毒。     

禽白血病病毒的亚群和准种多样性及其在不同选择压作用下的演变

禽白血病病毒(avian leucosis virus,ALV)是最易发生突变的病毒之一,它有多个亚群,其中感染性和致病性最强的J亚群(ALV-J)的囊膜蛋白gp85基因和LTR片段的变异性更强。ALV-J不同毒株间gp85差异很大,即使同一株病毒或同一分离物内的准种也有很大的多样性。在1988年ALV-J出现后最初的10年里,基本上只在白羽肉鸡中流行。最近10多年在我国的流行中,它又逐步适应蛋用型鸡、黄羽肉鸡及多种我国固有的地方品种鸡,而且诱发肿瘤细胞的类型也逐渐多样化,显然这与病毒的演变有关。现汇集了过去25年里国内外147个代表毒株的gp85序列及部分毒株的LTR序列,利用现代病毒分子流行病学技术,比较分析了ALV-J的准种多样性及其在不同选择压作用下的演变。以此为预测ALV进一步演变及制定更有效的预防控制措施提供新的科学数据。     

RU5区对BFV3026基因表达的调控

以牛泡沫病毒(Bovine foamy virus, BFV)中国株BFV3026原病毒DNA为材料,构建R区系列缺失质粒, 通过对其转染细胞中RT水平及对缺失质粒与luc报告质粒共转染细胞中萤火虫荧光素酶活性的测定,确立U5区对于BFV3026两类启动子LTR和IP均具有负调控作用;同时将带有不同R区的BFV3026结构基因片段克隆于异源启动子CMV之下,通过对其转染细胞293T中RT酶活性的测定,确立R区对于病毒结构基因pol的表达具有一定的调节作用,并将其功能区域初步界定在R区5′端100bp内.     

整合REV LTR序列的MDV弱毒株的分离鉴定与生物学特性

【目的】从非免疫健康三黄鸡中分离到一株马立克氏病病毒(MDV),命名为MDV GD06株,本工作系统研究了其生物学特性。【方法】PCR扩增GD06株Meq基因及短末端重复区(RS)序列,进行序列分析,并用间接免疫荧光试验进行血清型特异性鉴定;通过接种SPF鸡和鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)来判定GD06株体内外的增殖能力;为确定GD06株的致病性,用1日龄SPF鸡进行攻毒试验。【结果】GD06株为MDV血清I型病毒,其基因组中自然整合禽网状内皮增殖症病毒(REV)的长末端重复序列(LTR),Meq基因富含脯氨酸的结构域比参考强毒株Md5多59个氨基酸,与MD商品化疫苗CVI988/Rispens和814株相符,具有弱毒株的特征。在接种CEF细胞96、120、144、168、192 h,GD06株病毒滴度分别为1.9×105、3.9×105、6.1×105、6.5×105、5.8×105PFU,明显比CVI988/Rispens(病毒滴度分别为1.3×105、3.5×105、5.0×105、5.7×105、4.7×105PFU)高(P0.05);接种SPF鸡21、28天,GD06株在鸡体内的病毒滴度分别为740和350 PFU,明显比CVI988/Rispens株(病毒滴度分别为460、216 PFU)高(P0.05),结果表明,GD06株在CEF细胞和鸡体内具有比CVI988/Rispens更快的增殖能力。人工接种攻毒实验表明,GD06株对SPF鸡没有致病性,不引免疫抑制。【结论】研究结果表明,MDV GD06株为国内首次分离的自然整合有REV LTR序列的重组MDV弱毒株。     

RU5区对BFV3026基因表达的调控

以牛泡沫病毒(Bovine foamy virus,BFV)中国株BFV3026原病毒DNA为材料,构建R区系列缺失质粒,通过对其转染细胞中RT水平及对缺失质粒与luc报告质粒共转染细胞中萤火虫荧光素酶活性的测定,确立U5区对于BFV3026两类启动子LTR和IP均具有负调控作用;同时将带有不同R区的BFV3026结构基因片段克隆于异源启动子CMV之下,通过对其转染细胞293T中RT酶活性的测定,确立R区对于病毒结构基因pol的表达具有一定的调节作用,并将其功能区域初步界定在R区5′端100bp内。     

整合进禽反转录病毒基因组片段的鸡马立克氏病病毒重组野毒株的发现

用对禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒(REV)的单抗从广东和广西分离到的二株马立克氏病病毒(MDV)野毒株做间接荧光抗体试验, 用MDV感染细胞的基因组DNA做斑点分子杂交及PCR显示, 这二株MDV基因组中已整合进REV的LTR序列. 根据MDV基因组上易插入REV的LTR的高频位点的序列合成7条引物, 根据REV的LTR合成4条引物, 由此交叉组成28对引物, 分别从这二个MDV野毒株扩增和克隆已整合进MDV的REV-LTR序列及其相连的MDV序列. 测序证明, 二株中的REV-LTR插入序列及在MDV基因组中短独特序列(US)上的插入位点完全相同. 表明这二个毒株很可能是一次重组事件在鸡群中形成的流行毒株.     

J亚群禽白血病病毒蛋鸡分离株SD07LK1全基因组核苷酸序列的比较

[目的]分析我国ALV-J蛋鸡分离株的来源和进一步演变趋势.[方法]以J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)蛋鸡分离株SD07LK1感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)基因组:DNA作为其前病毒基因组模板,根据已发表序列设计合成9对引物,经PCR扩增出9段连续的、相互部分重叠的DNA片段和闭合环形前病毒两末端LTR的连接区段,并分别连入T载体进行克隆、测序.[结果]用:DNAstar软件对测序结果进行剪辑和拼接,首次完成了ALV-J蛋鸡分离株SD07LK1的前病毒全基因组核苷酸序列.[结论]将该序列与另外已完成的全基因组序列的比较表明,ALV-J的整个基因组gag和pol基因相对保守,各毒株间对应基因的同源性分别在95.O%以上,env基因的同源性仅为88.6%～94.0%.     

cmv-3′LTR嵌合启动子对逆转录病毒载体MFG滴度及外源基因表达的影响

为减轻逆转录病毒载体介导的外源基因的沉默,进一步提高逆转录病毒载体MFG介导的外源基因的表达水平,同时探讨逆转录病毒3′端长末端重复序列(long terminalrepeat,LTR)内U3区对病毒基因表达的影响,将逆转录病毒载体3′端LTR内的U3区用cmv核心增强子、启动子序列替代,同时去除了3个与逆转录病毒载体启动子甲基化有关的序列NCR、DR,并以egfp为报告基因,构建了MFG egfp和MFG egfp cmv表达载体。结果显示:利用cmv启动子替代MFG载体3′端LTR的U3启动子序列,会显著降低MFG载体的病毒滴度及其介导的外源报告基因的表达。提示利用cmv启动子替代病毒载体的3′端LTR内的U3区,并不是提高MoMLV(moloneymurineleukemivirus)逆转录病毒载体介导外源基因的表达及其病毒滴度的理想策略。结果也同时提示:在MoMLV逆转录病毒3′端LTR的U3区,可能存在与病毒RNA加工、成熟及稳定性有关的信号序列。     

J亚群禽白血病病毒蛋鸡分离株SD07LK1全基因组核苷酸序列的比较分析

[目的]分析我国ALV-J蛋鸡分离株的来源和进一步演变趋势.[方法]以J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)蛋鸡分离株SD07LK1感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)基因组:DNA作为其前病毒基因组模板,根据已发表序列设计合成9对引物,经PCR扩增出9段连续的、相互部分重叠的DNA片段和闭合环形前病毒两末端LTR的连接区段,并分别连入T载体进行克隆、测序.[结果]用:DNAstar软件对测序结果进行剪辑和拼接,首次完成了ALV-J蛋鸡分离株SD07LK1的前病毒全基因组核苷酸序列.[结论]将该序列与另外已完成的全基因组序列的比较表明,ALV-J的整个基因组gag和pol基因相对保守,各毒株间对应基因的同源性分别在95.O%以上,env基因的同源性仅为88.6%～94.0%.     

J亚群白血病病毒NX0101株感染性克隆化病毒的构建及其致病性

采用PCR方法分3段扩增出J亚群白血病病毒NX0 10 1株的前病毒cDNA ,PCR产物经克隆后顺次连接,获得一个含有完整ALV J前病毒cDNA的重组质粒,命名为pALV J NX。将此质粒DNA纯化后转染鸡胚成纤维细胞,以针对ALV J的单克隆抗体JE9对转染后的细胞作间接免疫荧光反应,证明获得了具有感染性的病毒。测定原始野毒和分子克隆化病毒的半数组织感染量(TCID50 ) ,分别人工接种1日龄商品代肉鸡并隔离饲养17周。接种野毒组死亡率为2 6 % ,髓细胞瘤发病率为2 4 %。接种分子克隆化病毒组死亡率为2 2 % ,髓细胞瘤发病率为2 2 %。结果表明,克隆化病毒具有天然病毒的致病性并对肉用型鸡表现致瘤性     

Evolution of gp85 gene of subgroup J avian leukosis virus under the selective pressure of antibodies

Subgroup J Avian leucosis virus (ALV-J) strain NX0101 was inoculated into chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) monolayers in 6-well plates. The six wells of CEF inoculated with NX0101 were divided into groups A (without anti-ALV-J serum in the medium) and B (with anti-ALV-J serum in the medium), then viruses from each well of both groups were separately passed in CEF every 6 d and formed their independent passage lineages. For each lineage of both groups, gp85 genes of the viruses in the 10th, 20th and 30th passages were amplified, cloned and sequenced. The sequence data indicated that the homologies of gp85 at aa level between the primary virus and the passed viruses of different passages of 3 lineages in group A were 97.7%-99.7%; and the homologies of gp85 between the primary virus and the passed viruses of different passages of 3 lineages in group B were 93.8%-96.1%. Analysis of the ratios of nonsynonium (NS) vs synonium (S) mutations of nucleic acids demonstrated that NS/S in 3 highly variable (hr-) regions at aa#110-120, aa#141-151 and aa#189-194 of gp85 in 3 lineages of group A were 2 (8/4), 1(3/3) and 1.3 (4/3), however, NS/S in the same 3 hr-regions of group B were 4.1 (13/3), 4.7 (14/3) and 3.3 (11/3). This study is the first demonstration of influence of immune selective pressure on evolution of ALV-J gp85 by specific antibodies under the controlled in vitro experiments.     

Evolution of gp85 gene of subgroup J avian leukosis virus under the selective pressure of antibodies

Subgroup J Avian leucosis virus (ALV-J) strain NX0101 was inoculated into chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) monolayers in 6-well plates. The six wells of CEF inoculated with NX0101 were divided into groups A (without anti-ALV-J serum in the medium) and B (with anti-ALV-J serum in the medium), then viruses from each well of both groups were separately passed in CEF every 6 d and formed their independent passage lineages. For each lineage of both groups, gp85 genes of the viruses in the 10th, 20th and 30th passages were amplified, cloned and sequenced. The sequence data indicated that the homologies of gp85 at aa level between the primary virus and the passed viruses of different passages of 3 lineages in group A were 97.7%–99.7%; and the homologies of gp85 between the primary virus and the passed viruses of different passages of 3 lineages in group B were 93.8%–96.1%. Analysis of the ratios of nonsynonium (NS) vs synonium (S) mutations of nucleic acids demonstrated that NS/S in 3 highly variable (hr-) regions at aa#110–120, aa#141–151 and aa#189–194 of gp85 in 3 lineages of group A were 2 (8/4), 1(3/3) and 1.3 (4/3), however, NS/S in the same 3 hr-regions of group B were 4.1 (13/3), 4.7 (14/3) and 3.3 (11/3). This study is the first demonstration of influence of immune selective pressure on evolution of ALV-J gp85 by specific antibodies under the controlled in vitro experiments.     

Complete Genome Sequence of a Recombinant Marek's Disease Virus Field Strain with One Reticuloendotheliosis Virus Long Terminal Repeat Insert

Marek''s disease virus (MDV) Chinese strain GX0101, isolated in 2001 from a vaccinated flock of layer chickens with severe tumors, was the first reported recombinant MDV field strain with one reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) long terminal repeat (LTR) insert. GX0101 belongs to very virulent MDV (vvMDV) but has higher horizontal transmission ability than the vvMDV strain Md5. The complete genome sequence of GX0101 is 178,101 nucleotides (nt) and contains only one REV-LTR insert at a site 267 nt upstream of the sorf2 gene. Moreover, GX0101 has 5 repeats of a 217-nt fragment in its terminal repeat short (TRS) region and 3 repeats in internal repeat short (IRS) region, compared to the other 10 strains with only 1 or 2 repeats in both TRS and IRS.     

Genetic variation analyses of nsp2 gene of PRRSV in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China

To gain a better understanding of the genetic diversity and evolution of PRRSV in the Ningxia Hui Nationality Autonomous Region (Ningxia) of China, the nsp2 genes from a series of PRRSV strains collected from the region in 2007 were partially sequenced. These sequences were then analyzed along with the classical strain (ch-la) and two other epidemic strains SD (3) and SD2006. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence with ch-la indicated that nsp2 genes of seventeen Ningxia isolates (NX strain) have deletions of 87 nucleotides. Sequence analysis indicated that homology between the Ningxia strain and ch-la was 60.3%-79.9% in the nucleotide sequence, and homology between the NX strains and SD strains was 80.3%-98.8% in the nucleotide sequence. The nsp2 genes of the seventeen isolates had 74.9%-100% nucleotide sequence identities with each other. This study was undertaken to assess the regional variation of prevalent PRRSV and to establish a sequence database for PRRSV molecular epidemiological studies.     

A 19-Nucleotide Insertion in the Leader Sequence of Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J Contributes to Its Replication in Vitro but Is Not Related to Its Pathogenicity in Vivo

Subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) was first isolated from meat-type chickens that had developed myeloid leukosis and since 2008, ALV-J infections in chickens have become widespread in China. A comparison of the sequence of ALV-J epidemic isolates with HPRS-103, the ALV-J prototype virus, revealed several distinct features, one of which is a 19-nucleotide (nt) insertion in the leader sequence. To determine the role of the 19-nt insertion in ALV-J pathogenicity, a pair of viruses were constructed and rescued. The first virus was an ALV-J Chinese isolate (designated rSD1009) containing the 19-nt insertion in its leader sequence. The second virus was a clone, in which the leader sequence had a deleted 19-nt sequence (designated rSD1009△19). Compared with rSD1009△19, rSD1009 displayed a moderate growth advantage in vitro. However, no differences were demonstrated in either viral replication or oncogenicity between the two rescued viruses in chickens. These results indicated that the 19-nt insertion contributed to ALV-J replication in vitro but was not related to its pathogenicity in vivo.     

蛋鸡J亚群白血病病毒的分离鉴定及序列分析

通过接种鸡胚成纤维细胞((CEF)及特异性单抗的间接荧光抗体反应(IFA),从中国商品代蛋鸡群中首次分离到J亚群白血病病毒(ALV-J).对其env基因编码的氨基酸序列及3'-末端(3'-Ter)序列与国内外来源于白羽肉鸡的毒株作了比较分析.结果显示,这两株病毒的gp85基因编码的氨基酸序列与国外5个毒株同源性仅为83.4%～87.3%,与国内来源于白羽肉鸡的8株病毒同源性也仅为86.4%～89.6%.gp37基因编码的氨基酸序列与5个国外毒株同源性为91.8%～97.0%,与8个国内毒株同源性为93.9%～95.9%.另外,国内来源于白羽肉鸡的各毒株的3'-Ter序列在"E"区均有明显缺失,但本次分离的来源于蛋鸡群的毒株在"E"区没有缺失突变.与所列出的13株国内外毒株相比,这两个毒株在3'-Ter的缺失最少,较接近于原型株HPRS-103.显然这两株病毒的来源不同于国内白羽肉鸡.     

我国1999—2003年间ALV—J野毒株gp85基因变异趋势

通过接种鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）、间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）和聚合酶链式反应（PCR）,连续五年从全国各地的送检病料中分离到14株J亚群白血病病毒（ALV-J）。为了动态观察ALV-J囊膜表面结构蛋白（GP85）的变异情况,对这14株野毒株的囊膜糖蛋白基因（env）进行了克隆和测序,将它们与HPRS-103株的GP85的氨基酸序列进行了比较,结果表明：ALV-J的囊膜表面结构蛋白发生了很大的变异,而且这些变异主要集中在高变区hr1、hr2和vr3;这些野毒株GP85的氨基酸序列的同源性在86．6％～100％之间（从同一鸡场中分离到的两株ALV-J即BJ00302与BJ0303的同源性为100％,其它毒株之间的同源性均小于100％）;有义突变与沉默突变的比例显示这3个高变区极有可能是免疫选择压作用的位点。