沙棘通过自主选择塑造根瘤内生微生物组

【背景】解析植物微生物群落结构是利用微生物组工程强化植物抗生物和非生物胁迫水平、提高农林产品质量和品质的基础。固氮根瘤是沙棘具有抗旱、抗寒和抗贫瘠等多种优良生物性状的关键。【目的】比较分析沙棘根际土和根瘤内细菌群落结构的组成及影响因素,为揭示沙棘-弗兰克氏菌共生和植物-微生物互作协同抗逆机制提供理论基础。【方法】从辽宁、陕西和山西采集样品,通过16SrRNA基因V3–V4可变区的高通量测序技术,采用生物信息学方法比较分析沙棘根际土和根瘤内细菌群落组成和丰度差异,并探索土壤土理化性质对根际土细菌群落结构的影响。【结果】沙棘根际土和根瘤内的细菌群落均以放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)为主要优势菌门,且根瘤内弗兰克氏菌属(Frankia)为绝对优势菌属;根际土前10个优势菌门的丰度在三地样品间均存在显著差异,仅存在唯一共有的优势菌属(鞘氨醇单胞菌属,Sphingomonas),且前35个优势属中有27个属在三地间存在明显丰度差异;土壤pH和速效钾是沙棘根际土细菌群落多样性的主要影响因子;根瘤内优势门和属在三省份间存在高度的保守性,仅异根瘤菌属...     

基于Illumina MiSeq测序技术的塔克拉玛干沙漠东缘细菌多样性分析

【背景】塔克拉玛干沙漠凭借其独特的地理位置、恶劣的生存环境以及较少的人为干扰,造就了其独特的微生物资源。【目的】探究塔克拉玛干沙漠东缘沙土细菌群落结构多样性及其影响因素。【方法】采集塔克拉玛干沙漠东缘沙土样品并测定其理化性质,使用基于原核微生物16S rRNA基因的IlluminaMiSeq测序技术,对塔克拉玛干沙漠东缘沙土进行细菌群落结构多样性及其影响因素的分析。【结果】从塔克拉玛干沙漠东缘沙土中获得明确分类地位的细菌种类为21门42纲304属,其中优势菌门为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,31.26%)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria,29.47%)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria,15.71%)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,15.69%);在属水平上相对丰度最高的菌属为Salinimicrobium (10.06%),其次为盐单胞菌属(Halomonas,7.39%)、芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus,3.25%)、蓬托斯菌属(Pontibacter,3.14%)、Aliifodinibius(2.76%)和考克氏菌属(Kocuria,1.76%)。全磷(Total Phosphorus,TP)、SO_4~(2-)和HCO_3~-含量对塔克拉玛干沙漠东缘微生物群落结构影响显著。【结论】揭示了塔克拉玛干沙漠东缘微生物群落结构及物种多样性,为后续塔克拉玛干沙漠微生物资源的研究提供理论依据。     

培菌白蚁菌圃和粪便微生物多样性分析

【背景】培菌白蚁是属于白蚁科的一类与鸡枞菌属真菌共生的高等白蚁,其与体内肠道微生物和体外菌圃微生物形成三维共生体系。【目的】分析培菌白蚁菌圃和粪便的微生物多样性,并与肠道微生物进行比较。【方法】通过Illumina MiSeq高通量测序方法对培菌白蚁菌圃和粪便样品进行细菌16S rRNA基因和真菌ITS测序分析。【结果】高通量测序获得培菌白蚁菌圃和粪便样品细菌和真菌的有效序列和OTU数目。5个样品细菌OTU数目在90-199之间,而真菌OTU在10-58之间,细菌的种类多样性明显大于真菌。不论是细菌还是真菌,粪便样品的OTU数目多于菌圃样品。经物种分类分析,菌圃样品主要优势细菌是变形菌门(Proteobacteria),其相对含量超过82.4%;其次是拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes);粪便样品中优势细菌为拟杆菌门,其次是变形菌门,粪便优势菌属为别样杆菌属和营发酵单胞菌属,这与培菌白蚁肠道菌多样性组成一致。培菌白蚁菌圃和粪便样品共生真菌主要为担子菌门(Basidiomycota)和子囊菌门(Ascomycota)。菌圃优势真菌为鸡枞菌属(Termitomyces),相对含量在51.83%以上,菌圃中还鉴定到炭角菌属(1%,Xylaria)。【结论】为今后培菌白蚁-体内外微生物共生关系研究以及微生物的分离培养提供了依据和参考。     

基于高通量测序分析桃蚜体内微生物群落结构及多样性

为探明桃蚜Myzus persicae体内微生物群落结构及其种类多样性,采用Illumina HiSeq二代测序技术检测桃蚜体内细菌16S rRNA基因和真菌ITS基因序列的方法,分析取食白菜Brassica pekinensis和甘蓝Brassica oleracea的无翅孤雌桃蚜成虫体内微生物群落结构及多样性。研究结果获得桃蚜体内细菌16S rDNA和真菌ITS1优质序列分别为473 750条和472 980条,并根据序列相似性对其进行聚类分析,分别获得959个和1 424个OTUs。基于OTUs分类结果,共注释鉴定细菌类群26个门、55个纲、128个目、227个科、419属、451种,真菌类群10个门、31个纲、77个目、172个科、343属、441种。其中,在门级水平上,取食白菜和甘蓝的桃蚜体内细菌类群均以变形菌门Proteobacteria内的细菌（占73.11%,80.10%）为优势菌;真菌类群均以子囊菌门Ascomycota真菌（占51.91%,50.98%）为优势菌。在属级水平上,取食白菜和甘蓝的桃蚜体内细菌均以布赫纳氏菌属Buchnera（占60.82%,56.11%）为优势属,而其次优势细菌属则分别为未培养的叶绿体菌Chloroplas（占2.84%）和立克次氏小体属Rickettsiella（占10.04%）;取食白菜的桃蚜体内真菌优势属为青霉属Penicillium（占5.15%）,次优势菌属为被孢霉属Mortierella（占3.83%）,而取食甘蓝的桃蚜体内真菌优势属为曲霉属Aspergillus（占3.93%）,次优势菌属为被孢霉属Mortierella（占3.86%）。以上研究结果表明取食不同植物的桃蚜体内微生物群落结构和种类多样性存在一定差异。α多样性指数表明桃蚜体内微生物群落结构具有较高的丰富度和多样性。研究结果为进一步挖掘桃蚜体内关键微生物,并解析其生物学功能及其利用等方面奠定了重要基础。     

餐厨垃圾厌氧消化处理主要过程的微生物群落结构分析

【背景】厌氧消化是我国餐厨垃圾处理的主要方法,微生物在其处理过程中起到关键作用,但是目前对其不同工艺单元微生物群落结构的研究较少。【目的】通过分析各工艺单元的微生物多样性与群落结构,为改进餐厨垃圾资源化处理技术、提高资源利用效率提供科学依据。【方法】采集某餐厨垃圾处理厂油水分离、厌氧发酵、沼渣脱水等3个工艺单元产生的废液样品,采用16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术,研究其菌群组成、丰度、优势菌群及其与环境因子的相关性。【结果】初始油水分离样品中的微生物群落种类相对较少,而经厌氧发酵和沼渣脱水处理后样品中的微生物群落种类较丰富。在门水平上,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)在各单元样品中所占平均比例最高,为81.1%,其次为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi),分别占15.81%和4.59%;在属水平上,相对丰度较高的菌属为乳酸菌属(Lactobacillus)、互营单胞菌属(Syntrophomonas)等。餐厨垃圾处理过程中的部分菌属可能具有资源-环境双重属性,例如在沼渣脱水单元相对丰度高达32.67%的假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),该菌属中既存在少部分致病菌或条件致病菌,也具有生产聚羟基脂肪酸酯的功能菌。影响各组样品微生物群落组成结构最显著的因子是p H值,其次是总糖的含量。【结论】研究明确了典型餐厨垃圾厌氧消化处理工艺单元的微生物群落结构和多样性,并提出了优化处理工艺、强化资源利用效率的建议。     

基于高通量测序研究青藏高原茶卡盐湖微生物多样性

【目的】茶卡盐湖(Chaka Salt Lake,CSL)是青藏高原有名的天然结晶盐湖,具有独特的石盐盐湖矿床,盛产青盐。盐湖卤水环境中存在丰富的嗜盐菌资源和潜在的新种,细菌和古菌的群落结构特征和物种多样性尚不明确。【方法】采用Illumina高通量测序平台对茶卡盐湖水样和底泥混合物中的细菌和古菌群落进行16S r RNA基因(V3-V5区)高通量测序,检测4个样本的群落结构差异和微生物多样性。【结果】获得细菌和古菌总有效序列分别为117 192和110 571条。结果分析表明细菌和古菌的物种注释(Operational taxonomic unit,OTU)数目分别为421和317,获得分类地位明确的细菌种类为14门28纲170属,古菌为5门4纲34属。细菌的优势类群是厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),所占比例为68.37%,其次为变形菌门Proteobacteria(20.49%);优势种属依次为芽孢杆菌属Bacillus(41.94%)、海洋芽孢杆菌属Oceanobacillus(8.03%)、假单胞菌属Pseudomonas(7.67%)、盐厌氧菌属Halanaerobium(7.42%)和乳球菌属Lactococcus(7.38%);古菌的优势类群以广古菌门(Euryarchaeota)盐杆菌纲(Halobacteria)为主,优势菌是Halonotius(17.21%)和盐红菌属Halorubrum(16.23%)。【结论】揭示了茶卡盐湖中细菌和古菌的群落结构及物种多样性,为嗜盐菌的开发及后续微生物资源的挖掘提供了理论依据。     

A~2/O和SBR系统中微生物群落结构比较分析

利用16sRNA高通量测序手段对A~2/O脱氮除磷工艺和A/O-SBR除磷工艺中微生物群落结构和脱氮、除磷微生物丰度变化进行全面的分析。根据测序结果,共获得20个门、150个属微生物。微生物多样性分析结果显示,在两个系统中主要菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)3个菌门,这3个门的细菌总数占微生物总数的80%左右。在属级水平上,A~2/O工艺的优势微生物为脱氮单孢菌属(Dechloromonas),丰度为10.00%。在SBR工艺中,陶厄氏菌属(Thauera)为优势菌属,其丰度为7.90%。Candidatus Accumulibacter是SBR好氧除磷系统中的主要除磷微生物,其相对丰度为2.80%。脱氮单孢菌属(Dechloromonas)、陶厄氏菌属(Thauera)为A~2/O工艺中主要脱氮微生物,Candidatus Accumulibacter为代表性的除磷微生物,其丰度分别为10.20%、3.70%和0.50%。     

新疆乌尔禾地区盐渍土壤耐盐细菌多样性与群落结构研究

研究新疆北部乌尔禾地区盐渍土壤中微生物群落结构及多样性,以期发现新的高盐环境耐盐性微生物资源菌株。采用传统分离培养法获得可培养耐盐菌株并对菌株形态学、16S rRNA基因测序、耐盐特性进行研究,同时结合高通量测序技术分析新疆乌尔禾地区盐渍土壤耐盐细菌的多样性与群落结构。共分离得到耐盐细菌11株,分属6个属,均为中度耐盐菌,以芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus)为优势菌。对盐渍土壤微生物16S rRNA(V3～V4)基因测序,共获得细菌序列290 952条,分属24个门410个属,变形菌门(Proteobacteria, 60.31%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes, 21.52%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes, 6.9%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria, 6%)相对丰度较高。优势属为克吕沃尔菌属(Kluyvera,21%)、Hafnia-Obesumbacterium(19.6%)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas,7.5%)。结果表明,新疆乌尔禾地区盐渍土壤耐盐细菌优势菌群以芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus)居多,细菌群落结构较复杂,潜在可利用微生物资源较为丰富,对高盐极端环境耐盐微生物新资源有进一步研究的意义。     

甘南高寒地区不同海拔西藏沙棘根瘤内生菌多样性

为了研究甘南高寒地区3个不同海拔西藏沙棘根瘤中内生菌的多样性,采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术对3种不同海拔的西藏沙棘根瘤内生菌的菌群组成和多样性进行了分析。实验结果表明,3个不同海拔西藏沙棘根瘤中的内生菌主要包括6大门,分别为蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria),放线菌门(Actinobacteria),变形菌门(Proteobacteria),拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)。其中占主导地位的微生物是蓝藻门和放线菌门,蓝藻门在3个海拔的西藏沙棘根瘤中的丰度分别为68.1%,64.7%和66.0%,放线菌门在3个海拔的西藏沙棘根瘤中的丰度分别为28.6%,30.2%和29.5%。放线菌门弗兰克氏菌属(Frankia)为共同的优势菌属之一,在3个海拔的丰度分别为28.2%,29.8%和29.1%。3个不同海拔西藏沙棘根瘤中的内生菌除了能与沙棘共生固氮的弗兰克氏菌外,还存在其他的微生物群落,可能存在一些潜在的有价值的内生菌种资源。     

云南干巴菌子实体内可培养微生物

【背景】微生物在菌根真菌的孢子萌发、菌丝体生长、菌根形成以及子实体发育等过程中起到一定作用。【目的】对采自云南省昆明市嵩明县和楚雄彝族自治州禄丰县的8个干巴菌子实体内的微生物进行分离培养鉴定,为后期研究微生物与干巴菌之间的相互作用奠定基础。【方法】采用传统平板分离法从干巴菌子实体内分离获得微生物群落,t检验分析不同地区采集的干巴菌子实体内微生物菌落总数的差异,16S r RNA基因和ITS序列进行系统发育树构建和微生物多样性分析。【结果】采自嵩明县和禄丰县的8个干巴菌子实体内共分离获得282株可培养的细菌,两个地区的细菌菌落总数无显著差异(P=0.22)。所有细菌分属2门12属15种。其中80%的细菌属于变形菌门,且以γ-变形菌为优势菌群,假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)为优势菌属。其余20%的细菌属于拟杆菌门。从干巴菌子实体中分离获得114株真菌,两个地区的真菌菌落总数无显著差异(P=0.65)。所有真菌分属2门10属10种。其中62%的真菌属于子囊菌门(Ascomycota),并以分离自禄丰县干巴菌子实体内的Lophiostoma为优势属。38%的真菌属于担子菌门(Basidiomycota),并以Asterotremella为优势属。【结论】两个不同地区采集的干巴菌子实体内细菌和真菌在菌落总数上无显著差异。所有细菌都以γ-变形菌为优势菌群,假单胞菌属为优势菌属。嵩明干巴菌子实体内真菌以担子菌门为优势菌群,Asterotremella为优势属。而禄丰干巴菌子实体内真菌则以子囊菌门为优势菌群,Lophiostoma为优势属。     

Population dynamics,hunting nature on insect pests and existence of symbiotic bacterial microbes among leading transgenic cotton spiders

The genetically modified cotton holding Bt proteins, is noxious to bollworms larvae but very little is known about its impact on population of non-target spiders within the field. Studies conducted with the aim to identify spiders along with their abundance, prevalence pattern, preying habit on insect pests in Bt cotton (L280, Cry2Ab4) and commonness of symbiotic bacteria in these spiders. Spiders collections were made via vial tapping/jarring, from May to end of October (2018). In total, 13,342 spiders were recorded during the entire cropping season. Least relative abundance was in May (0.28%), highest in August (30.39%) while ahead decline was observed, reached to 12% in October. The 27 species were verified, least richness was in May (3 species), high in August (19 species), later in the end, reduced to 7 species. High abundance was of Hylyphantes graminicola (68.56%) and Neoscona theisi (19.98%). Existence of H. graminicola and Pardosa astrigera observed during the whole cropping season. Presence of seven guilds among spiders had a diverse nature of hunting insect pests and on number of species existed in the crop, maximum was from direct hunting habit. Composition and community structure of microbiota varied as of spider species. Proteobacteria was the most abundant bacterial phylum and topmost genus was Wolbachia in observed spiders. Five groups of bacteria distinguished across 4 clusters of spiders depending on core community of symbiotic bacterial genera. This effort is an initial step to get knowhow about spiders in Bt cotton, which will facilitate future research studies concerning spiders.     

中央戈壁石下生物土壤结皮固氮细菌群落结构和多样性

【背景】戈壁荒漠石下生物土壤结皮(Biological Soil Crusts,BSCs)由石下生物定殖繁衍而成,广泛存在于石英石下方,在相关生态系统的物质循环中起重要作用;其细菌群落结构受空间和土壤环境因子影响而变化较大。固氮细菌是石下BSCs的形成和发育主要驱动力;中央戈壁面积较大,为温带的代表戈壁之一,但目前其石下BSCs中固氮细菌群落结构和多样性尚未有研究报道。【目的】阐释中央戈壁石下BSCs中固氮细菌的群落结构、多样性及其影响因素。【方法】应用Mi Seq对nif H基因进行高通量测序,并使用生物信息学方法基于nif H序列分析固氮细菌的群落结构和多样性及其影响因素。使用CoNet软件绘制物种共现性图,以期揭示石下固氮细菌群落结构的关键物种。【结果】石下固氮细菌的优势菌门有Cyanobacteria (47.20%-69.90%)和Proteobacteria (27.47%-48.91%);优势菌属为Scytonema (45.05%-69.09%)、Skermanella (10.26%-20.48%)和未知属(13.72%-22.00%);9月份物种丰富度较5月份高,但这2个月份的多样性无明显差异;在土壤理化因子中,速效氮对石下固氮细菌群落组成的影响最大;其中各微生物之间均存在较强的互作关系,以共存关系为主(约占66.98%),点度中心性、接近中心性和中介中心性均较高的节点属于Alphaproteobacteria。【结论】中央戈壁石下BSCs中固氮细菌以Cyanobacteria和Proteobacteria为最优势菌群;Alphaproteobacteria为稳定石下BSCs固氮细菌群落的关键类群,可能是主要固氮者,这为认识和利用石下生物土壤结皮固氮细菌提供了基础依据。     

利用色板诱集棉盲蝽的效果研究

随着转基因棉花在中国的大面积推广,棉盲蝽逐渐成为我国棉花生产中重要的害虫之一。为了对棉盲蝽的生活习性、发生规律、行为特点进行深入研究,本实验在棉田中使用不同颜色色板在不同的时间和不同的高度对田间主要种群绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum和三点盲蝽Adelphocoris fasciaticollis进行诱集,得到的主要实验结果如下:绿色色板对绿盲蝽有着比较稳定的诱集效果;绿盲蝽和三点盲蝽多活动于18:00—次日6:00;绿盲蝽和三点盲蝽多活动于距地面130cm的高度;每日清理色板上捕获的三点盲蝽和绿盲蝽,可以保持色板的有效性。     

木屑添加对刺芹侧耳菌丝共生细菌多样性和群落结构的影响

细菌作为许多真菌的共生菌,能够有效地促进真菌的代谢生长,而细菌多样性及群落结构能够反映真菌的生长和利用营养物质的状况。本研究利用基于细菌16S rRNA 基因V3-V4区的高通量测序技术分析不同木屑用量对刺芹侧耳菌丝共生细菌群落结构和多样性的影响。结果表明: 5组样品共检测细菌25门52纲114目199科406属,主要的优势菌门为变形菌门(35.0%～85.9%)和厚壁菌门(6.5%～38.4%),优势菌属为不动杆菌属(14.8%～71.6%)和假单胞菌属(1.7%～22.3%)。相较于完全培养基,添加木屑能够提高刺芹侧耳菌丝中的细菌多样性,并使其中优势细菌10个门类、9个属类结构发生显著变化。刺芹侧耳菌丝在5 g木屑培养基上的菌丝生长速度最快,菌丝浓密,边缘整齐,长势优于其他几类培养基;假单胞菌属和乳酸菌属丰度及物种多样性在5 g木屑培养基上都具有一定的优势,且假单胞菌属和乳酸菌属丰度与菌丝长势具有显著的正相关性。木屑作为重要碳源之一,对刺芹侧耳生长发育及其共生细菌群落结构和多样性都有显著影响,这为进一步探索木屑及共生细菌对刺芹侧耳生长发育影响的机理研究奠定了基础。     

Effect of enzyme producing microorganisms on the biomass of epigeic earthworms (eisenia fetida) in vermicompost

We analyzed the bacterial community structure of the intestines of earthworms and determined the effect of enzyme producing microorganisms on the biomass of earthworms in vermicompost. Fifty-seven bacterial 16S rDNA clones were identified in the intestines of earthworms by using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis. Entomoplasma somnilux and Bacillus licheniformis were the dominant microorganisms; other strains included Aeromonas, Bacillus, Clostridium, Ferrimonas, and uncultured bacteria. Among these strains, Photobacterium ganghwense, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Paenibacillus motobuensis were enzyme-producing microorganisms. In the mixtures that were inoculated with pure cultures of A. hydrophila WA40 and P. motobuensis WN9, the highest survival rate was 100% and the average number of earthworms, young earthworms, and cocoons were 10, 4.00-4.33, and 3.00-3.33, respectively. In addition, P. motobuensis WN9 increased the growth of earthworms and production of casts in the vermicompost. These results show that earthworms and microorganisms have a symbiotic relationship.     

河南省绿盲蝽秋季迁移的铷标记研究

利用铷(Rb)标记方法对秋季绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum(Meyer-Dür)迁移现象及其寄主种类进行了研究。铷标记回捕试验证明了秋季绿盲蝽由棉田转移到杂草上取食。在河南绿盲蝽一周内可迁移到2 560 m(试验最远回捕距离)。秋季由棉田迁出的绿盲蝽主要集中在艾蒿和葎草上取食。对这2种主要寄主植物作为绿盲蝽越冬寄主的可能性进行了讨论。     

Microbial symbiotes of the ambrosia beetleXyloterinus politus

Progression in the understanding of the microecology of ambrosia beetles and their associated microorganisms is briefly reviewed. Between the 1840s and the early 1960s the concept of one ambrosial fungus per ambrosia beetle was emphasized. Some subsequent research has supported the view that each ambrosia beetle plus several associated microorganisms constitute a highly co-evolved symbiotic community. It was hypothesized in this study that such a community of symbiotic microbial species, not just one ambrosial fungus, is actively cultivated and perpetuated by the ambrosia beetleXyloterinus politus. Experimental results indicated that bacteria, yeasts, a yeastlike fungus, and ambrosial fungi compose such a symbiotic microbial complex in association withX. politus. The microecology of the ectosymbiotic microorganisms in relation to this insect is discussed.     

绿盲蝽成虫对六种寄主及其挥发物的选择趋势

针对绿盲蝽Apolyguslucorum（Meyer-Dttr）6种主要寄主,分别于5～10叶期和花蕾期,采用室内“Y”型嗅觉仪和田间罩笼接虫方法,研究了绿盲蝽成虫对不同寄主及其挥发物的选择趋势。田间罩笼接虫试验结果表明：5—10叶期的茼蒿、国抗22及泗棉3号上绿盲蝽虫量居多,绿豆次之,大豆和豇豆上的较少;花蕾期的茼蒿、绿豆、国抗22及泗棉3号上绿盲蝽较多,而豇豆、大豆上较少。以5～10叶期和花蕾期的上述6种寄主为实验材料,以无寄主花盆为空白对照,每期各成对设置17个气源组合,采用室内“Y”型嗅觉仪测定绿盲蝽成虫对这6种寄主气源的选择趋性。不同气源组合测定结果表明,绿盲蝽对5—10叶期植物性气源的选择趋势为：国抗22〉茼蒿〉绿豆〉泗棉3号〉大豆〉豇豆;绿盲蝽对花蕾期植物性气源的选择趋势为：绿豆〉茼蒿〉国抗22〉泗棉3号〉豇豆〉大豆。上述不同选择性试验结果综合表明,绿盲蝽成虫对5—10叶期和花蕾期不同寄主的选择趋势基本一致。     

Succession of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in the microbial community on corroding concrete in sewer systems

Microbially induced concrete corrosion (MICC) in sewer systems has been a serious problem for a long time. A better understanding of the succession of microbial community members responsible for the production of sulfuric acid is essential for the efficient control of MICC. In this study, the succession of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) in the bacterial community on corroding concrete in a sewer system in situ was investigated over 1 year by culture-independent 16S rRNA gene-based molecular techniques. Results revealed that at least six phylotypes of SOB species were involved in the MICC process, and the predominant SOB species shifted in the following order: Thiothrix sp., Thiobacillus plumbophilus, Thiomonas intermedia, Halothiobacillus neapolitanus, Acidiphilium acidophilum, and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. A. thiooxidans, a hyperacidophilic SOB, was the most dominant (accounting for 70% of EUB338-mixed probe-hybridized cells) in the heavily corroded concrete after 1 year. This succession of SOB species could be dependent on the pH of the concrete surface as well as on trophic properties (e.g., autotrophic or mixotrophic) and on the ability of the SOB to utilize different sulfur compounds (e.g., H2S, S0, and S2O3(2-)). In addition, diverse heterotrophic bacterial species (e.g., halo-tolerant, neutrophilic, and acidophilic bacteria) were associated with these SOB. The microbial succession of these microorganisms was involved in the colonization of the concrete and the production of sulfuric acid. Furthermore, the vertical distribution of microbial community members revealed that A. thiooxidans was the most dominant throughout the heavily corroded concrete (gypsum) layer and that A. thiooxidans was most abundant at the highest surface (1.5-mm) layer and decreased logarithmically with depth because of oxygen and H2S transport limitations. This suggested that the production of sulfuric acid by A. thiooxidans occurred mainly on the concrete surface and the sulfuric acid produced penetrated through the corroded concrete layer and reacted with the sound concrete below.