抗青环海蛇毒血清治疗海蛇咬伤4例报告

本文采用日本蛇族学术研究所精制的抗青环海蛇毒抗血清治疗海蛇咬伤中毒病人４例,其中青环海蛇咬伤２例,平颏海蛇咬伤１例,小头海蛇咬伤１例。治疗结果３例痊愈,１例死亡．临床观察表明,抗青环海蛇毒抗血清有对抗多种海蛇咬伤中毒的治疗作用,对危重病人用量要足够。     

“精制多价抗海蛇血清”的制作

目的　海蛇均为前沟牙毒蛇 ,分布于太平洋及印度洋沿岸 ,大西洋没有海蛇。中国产海蛇 1 6种 ,分布于北起辽宁、南至海南及广西沿海 ,分布较广、数量较多及蛇伤发病率较高的海蛇为青环海蛇( H ydrophis cyanocinctus)和平颏海蛇( Laticauda semifasciata)。调查结果表明 ,被海蛇咬伤如不及时处理 ,通常有 50 %的患者死亡。在中国广西北海市每年均有被海蛇咬伤中毒致死的病例。为研制中国、日本及东南亚沿海国家主要有毒海蛇青环海蛇和平颏海蛇咬伤的有效治疗药“多价抗海蛇毒血清”,填补急救医学空白。　　方法　从中国北部湾产青环海蛇和平…     

蛇毒清胶囊对眼镜蛇咬伤患者血清CK、LDH、AST活性的影响

目的观察眼镜蛇咬伤后血清CK、LDH、AST活性的变化和蛇毒清胶囊对其的影响. 方法眼镜蛇咬伤2h内的患者120例,随机分为2个组,均给予常规治疗,治疗组加服蛇毒清胶囊,均以7天为1个疗程.分别于就诊时、咬伤后24h测定其血清酶学三项指标:CK、LDH、AST的活性,比较2组酶学的变化和临床疗效.结果2组患者在就诊时(伤后2h内)的酶学三项指标尚未出现明显异常,伤后24h三项指标均明显升高,对照组显著高于治疗组,治疗组疗效优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论蛇毒清胶囊能抑制眼镜蛇咬伤患者血清CK、LDH、AST的升高,对眼镜蛇咬伤患者组织损伤有防治作用.     

蛇毒清合剂治疗海蛇咬伤临床观察

目的观察蛇毒清合剂对海蛇咬伤的疗效。方法将44例海蛇咬伤患者分为治疗组22例,对照组22例,两组患者均给予常规治疗,治疗组加服蛇毒清合剂,并比较两组患者咬伤48h后的血清酶学三项（CK、LDH、AST）,比较两组患者治疗7天后的疗效、治疗结束时疗程及呼吸衰竭发生率、急性肾损伤发生率。结果两组患者临床疗效比较,治疗组优于对照组（P〈0．05）,酶学三项和疗程的差异均有统计学意义（P〈O．05）}其呼吸衰竭发生率、急性肾损伤发生率虽有差异,但无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论蛇毒清合剂对海蛇咬伤有显著疗效。     

抗中华眼镜蛇毒鸡卵黄抗体IgY的动物保护作用研究

目的通过连续观察蛇伤大鼠多项生理指标的动态变化,探讨不同时段施予血清（125u血清／mg蛇毒）同等效价但量加倍的抗蛇毒IgY对其心、肺功能保护的时效性。方法SD大鼠分为80、100、120min IgY保护组和蛇毒组共4组,戊巴比妥钠腹麻,按2倍LD50（1．272mg／kg）的剂量注入舟山眼镜蛇毒。连续3h记录呼吸频率、心电图和肌电等生理指标的动态变化,于注毒后80、100、120min分3个时段注入抗眼镜蛇毒IgY,比较各组大鼠的平均存活时间、保护率及心、肺、腓肠肌功能的差异。结果蛇毒组大鼠注入2倍LD5。的眼镜蛇毒后,平均存活时间为124．4min,存活率为0;80、100min IgY的存活率均达到或超过50％。但120minIgY组的保护作用不明显。与生理盐水组相比,各组心电图异常（心率减慢、ST段抬高）、呼吸频率减慢及肌电减弱多出现在100min以后。大鼠死亡前均出现潮式呼吸直至呼吸衰竭。结论应用与血清（125u血清／mg蛇毒）同等效价但量加倍的抗蛇毒IgY,可有效地减低蛇毒对机体心、肺、骨骼肌功能的损伤,提高生存率;与抗血清（125u血清／mg蛇毒）对蛇伤大鼠保护作用的结果相比,加量后保护作用更强．保护的有效时段有一定的延长。     

蛇毒清胶囊对眼镜蛇咬伤局部坏死患者血浆LPO、SOD、GSH-Px的影响

目的观察蛇毒清胶囊对眼镜蛇咬伤合并局部组织坏死患者血浆LPO、SOD、GSH-PX的影响及疗效。方法将眼镜蛇咬伤2 h内合并局部组织坏死的患者60例,随机分为两组,均给予常规治疗,治疗组加服蛇毒清胶囊,均以7天为1疗程。分别于就诊时、咬伤后24 h、疗程结束时测定其血浆LPO、SOD、GSH-PX,比较两组患者三项指标的变化和临床疗效。结果两组患者在就诊时三项指标无明显差异(P>0.05);伤后24 h及疗程结束时,治疗组LPO明显低于对照组,SOD、GSH-PX显著高于对照组,治疗组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论蛇毒清胶囊能降低眼镜蛇咬伤患者血浆LPO水平,提高其SOD、GSH-PX活性,对眼镜蛇咬伤患者有清除氧自由基的作用。     

1例眼镜王蛇咬伤致自主呼吸停止122h报告

目的探讨眼镜王蛇咬伤致呼吸停止的抢救方法。方法对患者实施局部处理,应用抗蛇毒血清及中医中药等解毒治疗,及时行机械通气、并设专人特护。结果患者自主呼吸停止122h后恢复自主呼吸,住院8天后好转出院。结论及时就医,采取正确有效的急救措施以及严密的病情观察,保持呼吸道通畅是抢救成功的决定性因素。     

蛇志 2006年第18卷 总目次

第1期(2006年3月)抗中华眼镜蛇毒鸡卵黄抗体的制备及其效价测定………………………………………………………………………刘四红,侯力强,孔天翰(1)广西圆斑蝰蛇毒凝血因子X激活物在实验鼠体内的促凝血作用研究……………………………………………王艳妮,左从林,陈明霞,等(6)蝮蛇毒蛋白C激活物对凝血系统的影响…………………………………………………………………………张受涛,文尚武,周志泳,等(11)抗海蛇毒血清用于海蛇咬伤早期急救与监护的实验研究…………………………………………………………厉瑛,张黎明,桂莉,等(15)降纤酶治疗慢性肺…     

抗眼镜蛇毒血清对中华眼镜蛇伤大鼠保护的时效性研究

目的观察中华眼镜蛇伤后不同时期应用抗蛇毒血清对机体保护作用的差异,为探索临床抗蛇毒血清使用的最佳有效时段提供依据。方法将SD大鼠随机分成6组(蛇毒组、40、60、80、100、120 min血清保护组),每组30只。动物经戊巴比妥腹麻,于单侧背部皮下及双侧小腿腓肠肌注射眼镜蛇毒以制备中华眼镜蛇毒挑战剂量(4×LD50)大鼠模型,分5个不同时段分别注射抗蛇毒血清,于注毒后连续观察3 h,统计各组平均存活时间、成活率及保护率。结果蛇毒组大鼠注入挑战剂量的眼镜蛇毒后,平均存活时间为(148.8±11.4)min,成活率仅为20%;其他血清保护组分别于注毒后40、60、80、100、120 min经腹腔注射精制抗眼镜蛇毒血清(125 u血清/mg蛇毒),40 min血清组保护率达80%;60 min血清组存活率及保护率分别达到70%、50%,平均存活时间为(172.8±7.2)min,与蛇毒组相比有明显差异(P<0.01);而801、00 min血清组保护率依次下降,分别为40%、30%,但仍较蛇毒组显著提高(P<0.01);120 min血清组存活时间及保护率与蛇毒组比较差异无显著性。结论利用中华眼镜蛇毒挑战剂量大鼠模型,通过不同时段施予同剂量抗血清,可显示出明显的机体保护时效性,该研究为探讨临床正确使用抗蛇毒血清提供了新的实验依据。     

中华眼镜蛇伤大鼠模型多项电生理指标的动态观察

目的建立中华眼镜蛇毒挑战剂量的大鼠模型,通过对多项电生理指标的动态观察,为蛇毒毒理及抗蛇毒制剂的研究提供实验数据。方法将SD大鼠分为蛇毒组、血清保护组和对照组,戊巴比妥腹麻,连续记录心率、血压、呼吸频率及心电图等电生理指标的动态变化,观察眼镜蛇毒的毒性反应及抗蛇毒血清对动物的保护作用。结果腹腔注入挑战剂量(4×LD50:4×0.636 mg/kg)的中华眼镜蛇毒后,大鼠平均生存时间为(3±0.33)h。蛇毒组给药30~60 min后,心率及呼吸频率均有轻度加快,Ⅱ导联ST段抬升幅度超过同期正常对照0.1 mV以上(P<0.05);130~150 min后,心率、呼吸频率及动脉血压均直线下降;达180 min时,心率、呼吸频率及动脉血压均已降到同期正常对照的30%以下,差异非常显著(P<0.01)。血清保护组给药后各指标相对平稳,与对照组比较无明显差异。结论以4倍LD50为挑战剂量造模的中华眼镜蛇伤大鼠模型,心率、血压、呼吸频率及心电图等电生理指标的动态变化与临床症状基本相符。眼镜蛇毒抗血清可有效地中和、保护眼镜蛇毒对机体的伤害。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV