提高甘蔗组织培养效率的研究

组织培养技术对一些遗传背景复杂,主要依靠无性繁殖手段繁衍的作物具有特殊的应用价随。近十多年来,在分离甘蔗无性亚系及抗性细胞突变体上已有一些颇有成效的工作,藉助组织培养技术在甘蔗品种改良     

书讯:水稻生物技术及遗传工程

农业生物技术领域的迅猛发展导致了对分子和细胞生物学的深入研究,并开发了新的基因转移方法。新出版的《粮食作物的生物技术:水稻生物技术及遗传工程》一书提供了一份详细的综述和近期水稻遗传工程的研究进展。本书的内容包括组织培养方面、细胞生物学和原生质体技术,还包括关于水稻基因转移的详细资料、转基因植物的特性鉴定和转基因植物的大田实验结果。本书分为以下各章:作为全球性作物     

2013年第四届全国植物生物技术及其产业化大会(第一轮通知)

为了交流我国近年来在植物组织培养和生物技术改良等方面的研究成果,促进技术创新和产学研结合,中国植物生理与分子生物学学会植物组织培养与生物技术专业委员会决定举办"第四届全国植物生物技术及其产业化大会"。一、会议主题植物生物技术及产业化。二、中心议题(1)植物细胞工程及产业化;(2)作物基因工程育种及产业化;(3)花卉、果蔬、林草、中药材的生物技术改良;(4)经济植物重要功能基因发掘;(5)植物生物技术及生物安全。     

植物生物技术讲座（六）：植物组织培养技术与遗传育种

植物生物技术讲座（六）──植物组织培养技术与遗传育种秦明波（北京师范大学生物学系１００８７５）云月（北京植物细胞工程实验室１０００８１）广义的植物组织培养技术正是植物生物技术在育种上得以应用的基础。可以说,没有植物组织培养技术的飞速发展和日益成熟,就...     

从大豆及豌豆下胚轴愈伤组织诱导幼苗成功

近年来植物细胞和组织培养技术不仅广泛用于生物学研究,而且日渐应用于植物育种。最近我国用花药培养方法快速育成烟草新品种“单育一号”就是用组织培养技术解决生产问题的一个例子。在植物组织培养研究中,诱导愈伤组织分化植株是一个重要问题。目前虽然已有几十种植物的离体细胞、组织或花粉通过人工诱导再生植株,但一些有重要经济价值的作物如大豆、玉米等尚未见成功的报道。特别是豆科植物愈伤组织的幼苗分化比较困难。     

利用水稻花药培养筛选稻瘟病抗性突变体

近年来,利用植物组织培养的方法并结合使用抗源物粗毒素来筛选抗病突变系,已在不同物种中获得了成功。例如,Ingram和Robertson利用组织培养研究了马铃薯晚疫病(Phytophthora intesans)的抗性基因表达;Behnke将抗晚疫病毒素的培养细胞进行筛选,成功地获得抗性突变体,     

禾本科植物细胞悬浮培养和影响胚胎发生的几个因素

在高等植物的细胞培养和分子生物学方面,近年来取得了明显进展。这些进展显示了生物技术在植物的遗传修饰和用传统方法难以进一步奏效的作物改良方面,所具有的威力和潜能。不过在过去12年,对作为主要农作物的禾本科植物的生物技术研究,主要仍处于探索阶段。为了对禾本科植物的组织培养有个较系统的认识,本文叙述了禾本科植物细胞悬浮培养技术的发展过程,并试图归纳提出可能影响这类植物胚胎发生的主要因素。     

薄层细胞培养与快速繁殖

组织培养快速繁殖花卉、树木、作物是目前应用最广泛的生物技术之一。薄层细胞培养(Thin Cell Layers Culture)是一种尚未推广的组织培养技术。其特点是芽(包括花芽)、根都可以在人工控制下直接从外植体上分化出来(如烟草)。Tran Thanh Van等在1970年就报道了这一方法,但是迄今为止,     

第四届全国植物生物技术及产业化大会

为了交流我国近年来在植物组织培养和生物技术改良等方面的研究成果,促进技术创新和产学研结合,中国植物生理学会植物组织培养与生物技术专业委员会决定举办"第四届全国植物生物技术及其产业化大会"。     

植物人工种子的研制

植物人工种子的研制是近年来兴起的一项生物技术,在植物良种繁育方面具有许多优越性,有希望发展为一种新型的种子事业。本文简述了植物人工种子研制的主要过程及其研究进展。植物人工种子是利用组织培养技术,将植物体细胞诱导成在形态上和生理上均与合子胚相似的体胚,并将其包埋在含有营养物质和保护功能的物质之中,形成类似天然种子的颗粒体。早在1958年,Steward等人就发现体细胞胚胎的形成,然而,真正提出人工种子这一概     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.