神经营养因子在抗抑郁治疗中的作用研究新进展

抑郁症是一种严重的精神疾病,具有患病率高、致残率高和自杀率高等特点,给社会带来沉重的负担。目前针对抑郁症的治疗主要以药物治疗为主,且普遍存在起效慢、药物耐受、副作用多、易复发以及疗效时间有限等局限性,使得抗抑郁治疗亟需开发新的策略。近年研究发现,在抑郁症动物模型中调节神经营养因子的表达水平可调控神经细胞存活,促进神经发生,提高神经元可塑性等,从而发挥抗抑郁作用。这为临床抗抑郁治疗提供了新的策略。本文主要介绍几种重要的神经营养因子对抑郁行为的影响及其应用于抗抑郁治疗的研究新进展。     

光疗抗抑郁及其作用机制的研究进展

抑郁症是以显著而持久的情绪或心境低落为主要表现的精神疾病. 在各种治疗抑郁症的手段中,光疗因副作用小、成本低而受到越来越多的关注. 光疗作为一种物理治疗方法,利用人工光源或自然光源,通过不同时长和不同强度的光线照射达到防治疾病和辅助治疗的目的. 动物实验和临床试验均验证了光疗能有效缓解抑郁症状. 然而,目前光疗抗抑郁作用的神经机制还未完全明确,光疗的应用范式也尚存争议. 本文简述了光疗在抑郁症中的临床应用及光疗抗抑郁的神经机制,为光疗抗抑郁的优化及推广提供理论支持.     

《科学报告》:为什么越鞠丸治疗抑郁症效果不同?

正经过多年研究发现,中医经典方药越鞠丸在具有不同遗传来源的动物中,抗抑郁作用有很大区别。该发现发表在最近的《科学报告》上,为如何利用传统中医药精准治疗抑郁症提供了新思路。越鞠丸是具有800年历史的解郁名方,临床发现它具有治疗抑郁症的效果。陈刚研究小组发现,越鞠丸快速抗抑郁疗效在各种动物模型及临床初步研究被证实,与快速抗抑郁的原型西药氯胺酮比,越鞠丸还具有副作用低,没有成瘾作用等优势。     

海马cAMP反应元件结合蛋白与抗抑郁治疗

随着对抑郁症发病机制研究的不断深入,当前的重点已从单胺递质调节机制转向抑郁症的病理生理基础研究和抗抑郁治疗的长期作用机制。以脑内cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(cAMP response element binding protein,CREB)为交汇点的细胞内信号转导通路正受到越来越多的关注,尤其是海马CREB的改变。明确海马CERB与抗抑郁治疗的关系,对深入理解抑郁症的病理生理基础和抗抑郁治疗的长期作用机制有重要的意义。因此,本文对近年来海马CREB与抗抑郁治疗的相关研究进行综述,主要涉及CREB的结构和海马内的分布、海马CREB的上游信号通路与抗抑郁治疗、调节海马CREB发挥抗抑郁作用的可能机制。     

抗炎性细胞因子与抑郁症

细胞因子假说是关于抑郁症发病机理的重要假说,为探讨抑郁症的发病机理和临床治疗方法提供了新方向.细胞因子分为前炎性细胞因子和抗炎性细胞因子.前炎性细胞因子与抑郁症的发病密切相关,而抗炎性细胞因子可能具有抗抑郁的作用.本文着重综述抗炎性细胞因子与抑郁症的关系.抗炎性细胞因子如白介素10、白介素1受体拮抗剂、白介素4、白介素13、转化生长因子β和脂联素等,在抑郁症中表达下降;补充外源抗炎性细胞因子则具有一定的抗抑郁作用.抗炎性细胞因子可通过拮抗前炎性细胞因子的作用,并与MAPK信号通路、神经递质和糖皮质激素相互作用而参与到抑郁症中.抗抑郁药能使抗炎性细胞因子的表达上升,这可能是药物起效的机制之一.抗炎策略在抑郁症的治疗中有重要应用前景.     

基于微生物-肠-脑轴的粪菌移植抗抑郁的研究和展望CSCD

抑郁症是一种常见的精神疾病,病程持久且反复难愈,极大地影响了患者的正常生活。目前临床常规一线抗抑郁药物的疗效并不理想,亟待研发新的治疗方法。已有研究表明抑郁症与肠道菌群密切相关,微生物-肠-脑轴功能障碍是抑郁症的主要病理基础,是直接诱发和影响抑郁症的关键因素。以肠道微生物群为导向的抗抑郁治疗是目前最有前景的研究方向之一。本文主要介绍了肠道菌群与抑郁症的关系,以及粪菌移植在临床前和临床阶段抗抑郁的效果。     

BDNF或5HTTLPR与抑郁症的研究

抑郁症是以抑郁为主要临床表征的一种精神疾病,近年抑郁症发病率正呈逐年上升趋势,如不加以干预,对患者及患者家庭、社会都会产生重大影响.对于抑郁症发病机制目前尚无定论,现有研究均停留在假说阶段.众多假说中脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)和5-羟色胺转运体基因连锁多肽性区域(5-HTTLPR)参与抑郁症的病理生理过程,分别发挥重要作用,其基因也是抑郁症的候选基因,本研究对BDNF、5-HTTLPR在抑郁症及抗抑郁治疗等方面的作用进行文献综述.     

难治性抑郁症的发病机制研究现状

抑郁症是一种高患病率、高致残率及高自杀率的严重精神疾患。在过去10年中,抗抑郁药物研究取得了突飞猛进的进展。然而,在临床上仍约有20%的抑郁症患者最终成为难治性抑郁症病例。难治性抑郁症是一种情感障碍,目前尚无较好的治疗策略。现对有关难治性抑郁症的病因学现状进行文献回顾与总结,了解难治性抑郁症的发病机制,便于从临床治疗角度早期识别该类患者,尽可能及早地给予积极的抗抑郁治疗,以提高临床缓解率。     

难治性抑郁症的发病机制研究现状

抑郁症是一种高患病率、高致残率及高自杀率的严重精神疾患。在过去10年中,抗抑郁药物研究取得了突飞猛进的进展。然而,在临床上仍约有20%的抑郁症患者最终成为难治性抑郁症病例。难治性抑郁症是一种情感障碍,目前尚无较好的治疗策略。现对有关难治性抑郁症的病因学现状进行文献回顾与总结,了解难治性抑郁症的发病机制,便于从临床治疗角度早期识别该类患者,尽可能及早地给予积极的抗抑郁治疗,以提高临床缓解率。     

原花青素抗抑郁作用的研究进展

抑郁症是目前给社会造成最多负担的疾病之一。目前治疗抑郁症的药物存在多种副作用,近年来,伴随对植物化学物功能的深入研究,原花青素所发挥出的抗抑郁作用逐渐引起人们的关注。本文综述原花青素的抗抑郁作用及其相关机制。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.