辽东楤木皂苷分布特性的研究

目的:研究辽东楤木植株中的皂苷分布。方法:以1~8年株龄辽东楤木为试材,采用超声提取法提取楤木皂苷,采用分光光度计法测定辽东楤木植株的根和茎不同部位的皂苷含量,不同生长发育时期和不同光照条件下叶片的皂苷含量。结果:辽东楤木根皮、茎皮和叶片中均含有大量的皂苷成分,根皮和茎皮中的皂苷含量逐年增加,8年生植株的根、茎皮中分别为11.0%和8.2%,根、茎的木质部和髓中亦含有皂苷,但相对较少;叶片皂苷含量随株龄增长而增加,4、6年生植株叶片皂苷含量分别为8.3%、8.9%;光照处理对叶片的生长及皂苷含量影响较大,50%透光率及以下的光照条件叶片生长不良,早衰严重,皂苷积累较少,最高含量为5.9%,75%透光率条件同全光照条件叶片发育形态指标接近,并有利于皂苷形成,皂苷含量平均高于全光条件0.6%,结论:6年以上植株的根茎皮在皂苷含量和总量上都相对较高;4年以上植株成熟的叶片在皂苷含量和总量上均较高,最适宜作为药源材料;叶片在一定遮阳条件下更有利于皂苷形成与积累。     

小茴香挥发油的抗炎镇痛作用

目的:研究小茴香挥发油的抗炎、镇痛作用,为指导临床合理用药提供科学依据。方法:应用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、蛋清致大鼠足肿胀2种动物模型进行抗炎药效学实验;采用醋酸致小鼠扭体反应进行镇痛实验。结果:小茴香挥发油能显著抑制上述各种动物模型的炎症反应及醋酸引起的小鼠扭体反应。结论:小茴香挥发油具有抗炎和镇痛作用。     

小茴香挥发油的抗炎镇痛作用

目的：研究小茴香挥发油的抗炎、镇痛作用,为指导临床合理用药提供科学依据。方法：应用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、蛋清致大鼠足肿胀2种动物模型进行抗炎药效学实验;采用醋酸致小鼠扭体反应进行镇痛实验。结果：小茴香挥发油能显著抑制上述各种动物模型的炎症反应及醋酸引起的小鼠扭体反应。结论：小茴香挥发油具有抗炎和镇痛作用。     

棘茎楤木不同器官营养成分初步研究

对棘茎楤木不同器官养分进行分析,结果表明,棘茎楤木叶片中可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量分别达60.40,15.41 g/kg,是茎皮的3.4和2.9倍,是根皮的4.5和3.0倍.叶片齐墩果酸含量最高,达179.42 mg/kg,分别是茎皮和根皮的1.6和1.7倍.棘茎楤木不同器官营养元素平均含量总体表现为K＞Mg＞ Ca ＞Mn ＞Zn＞ Fe＞Na＞ Cu.根皮中K、Ca、Fe、Cu含量较高,而茎皮中的Mg、Mn、Zn含量高于根皮和叶,Na的含量以叶片为高.     

荣骨定痛膏的镇痛抗炎作用及其机制

目的:研究荣骨定痛膏镇痛、抗炎作用及其机制。方法:采用热板法、醋酸扭体法来观测荣骨定痛膏的镇痛作用,采用耳廓肿胀法、足肿胀法来考察荣骨定痛膏的抗炎作用,测定渗出液中总蛋白与白三烯B4(LTB4)来研究荣骨定痛膏的抗炎机制。在给药的基础上观测痛阈值、肿胀度等指标;复制气囊滑膜炎,取小鼠66只,随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、阳性对照组(扶他林0.8 mg/d)、荣骨定痛膏低、中、高剂量组(荣骨定痛膏30 mg/d、60 mg/d、120 mg/d)进行实验。结果:30 mg/d、60 mg/d、120 mg/d的荣骨定痛膏可明显提高小鼠热板痛阈延长百分率、延长扭体潜伏期并减少15 min内的扭体次数,缓解小鼠耳廓肿胀度与足肿胀度(P0.05,P0.01),显示出一定的抗炎、镇痛作用。对气囊滑膜炎模型动物,30 mg/d、60 mg/d、120 mg/d荣骨定痛膏可降低渗出物中总蛋白及LTB4的含量(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:荣骨定痛膏具有一定的镇痛抗炎作用,抑制LTB4的合成是其抗炎机制之一。     

大叶胡枝子根皮抗炎镇痛活性部位及其机制北大核心CSCD

筛选大叶胡枝子根皮抗炎镇痛作用的活性部位,并探讨其作用机制。采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀、蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀以及大鼠棉球肉芽肿炎症模型,考察大叶胡枝子根皮抗炎作用的活性部位,采用热板和醋酸扭体疼痛模型,考察大叶胡枝子根皮镇痛作用的活性部位,并检测活性部位对蛋清致炎模型大鼠血清的TNF-α、IL-1β和足跖炎性组织的PGE_2含量以及醋酸致痛模型小鼠血清的NO、MDA和PGE_2含量,以初步探究其抗炎镇痛作用机制。结果表明:大叶胡枝子根皮石油醚萃取部位明显抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀和蛋清所致大鼠足跖肿胀以及棉球肉芽肿,明显延长热板所致小鼠痛阈值和明显减少醋酸所致小鼠扭体反应次数;明显减少蛋清致炎大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β及足跖炎性组织PGE_2含量,明显降低醋酸致痛小鼠血清NO、MDA和PGE_2含量。结果显示,大叶胡枝子根皮抗炎镇痛作用的活性部位主要为石油醚部位,其抗炎机制可能与减少炎症时TNF-α、IL-1β和PCE_2的产生有关,其镇痛作用机制可能与降低疼痛时NO、MDA和PGE_2的含量有关。     

大叶胡枝子根皮抗炎镇痛活性部位及其机制

筛选大叶胡枝子根皮抗炎镇痛作用的活性部位,并探讨其作用机制。采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀、蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀以及大鼠棉球肉芽肿炎症模型,考察大叶胡枝子根皮抗炎作用的活性部位,采用热板和醋酸扭体疼痛模型,考察大叶胡枝子根皮镇痛作用的活性部位,并检测活性部位对蛋清致炎模型大鼠血清的TNF-α、IL-1β和足跖炎性组织的PGE_2含量以及醋酸致痛模型小鼠血清的NO、MDA和PGE_2含量,以初步探究其抗炎镇痛作用机制。结果表明:大叶胡枝子根皮石油醚萃取部位明显抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀和蛋清所致大鼠足跖肿胀以及棉球肉芽肿,明显延长热板所致小鼠痛阈值和明显减少醋酸所致小鼠扭体反应次数;明显减少蛋清致炎大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β及足跖炎性组织PGE_2含量,明显降低醋酸致痛小鼠血清NO、MDA和PGE_2含量。结果显示,大叶胡枝子根皮抗炎镇痛作用的活性部位主要为石油醚部位,其抗炎机制可能与减少炎症时TNF-α、IL-1β和PCE_2的产生有关,其镇痛作用机制可能与降低疼痛时NO、MDA和PGE_2的含量有关。     

七叶一枝花根茎和地上部分提取物镇痛抗炎作用研究

采用镇痛、抗炎实验对七叶一枝花根茎和地上部分提取物进行活性部位追踪。镇痛作用采用热板、热刺痛和醋酸扭体实验进行评价,抗炎作用采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀模型进行评价,比较总提物各部位及呋甾皂苷、偏诺皂苷、薯蓣皂苷三类组分的抗炎作用强弱。结果表明七叶一枝花根茎提取物具有明显镇痛作用:在热板实验中,仅高剂量组(2.4 g生药·kg-1)表现出显著的镇痛作用,在热刺痛实验中,中、高剂量组(0.6 g生药·kg-1,2.4 g生药·kg-1)表现出显著的镇痛作用,在醋酸扭体实验中,所有剂量组均表现出极显著的镇痛效果并呈现剂量依赖性。抗炎作用评价中,总提物对二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀抑制作用显著且表现出明显的剂量依赖关系。地上部分总提物表现出与根茎相似的镇痛抗炎作用。大孔吸附树脂50%、70%及95%乙醇洗脱部位富集的甾体皂苷类成分是抗炎主要活性部位,其中呋甾皂苷、偏诺皂苷和薯蓣皂苷三类组分均有显著的抗炎作用,尤其以偏诺皂苷组的作用最强。本研究为建立与传统功效相关的重楼药材和饮片的质量评价体系的指标成分选择提供了实验依据,同时,为七叶一枝花地上部分废弃资源的综合利用与开发提供了科学支撑。     

粗根荨麻水提取物的抗炎、镇痛作用实验研究

采用角叉菜胶大鼠致炎模型,醋酸扭体法、福尔马林致痛试验对粗根荨麻水提取物的抗炎、镇痛作用进行了研究。结果显示粗根荨麻水提取物可抑制角又菜胶所致大鼠足肿胀;并能明显抑制醋酸所致的小鼠扭体数,显著减少福尔马林致痛试验后期小鼠舔足行为。表明粗根荨麻水提取物具有一定的抗炎、镇痛作用。     

两面针提取物(S0)对小鼠镇痛、抗炎和止血作用的研究(英文)

本研究对两面针根的提取物S0进行了镇痛、止血和抗炎药理实验,每种作用选用两种实验方法来评价。镇痛作用采用热板法和扭体法。热板法实验显示,S0在150mg/kg剂量时,小鼠痛阈值明显提高(P<0.01);扭体法实验显示,S0在150mg/kg剂量为时,对冰醋酸致痛的小鼠扭体反应次数减少了70.96%(P<0.01)。抗炎实验采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀法及腹腔染料渗出法。二甲苯致炎剂实验表明,S0在150mg/kg剂量时,对二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀有明显抑制作用,抑制率为63.45%(P<0.01);冰醋酸所致的腹腔毛细血管通透性实验中,S0在150mg/kg和75mg/kg两个剂量组时,对小鼠的抗炎效果分别为52.94%(P<0.01)和52.00%(P<0.01)。止血实验采用毛细玻璃管法和载玻片法。毛细玻璃管实验表明S0在150mg/kg和75mg/kg两个剂量时,凝血时间明显缩短(P<0.01);载玻片实验表明S0在150mg/kg剂量时,凝血时间明显缩短(P<0.01)。总之,两面针中提取物S0对小鼠具有显著的镇痛、止血和抗炎作用。     

Analgesic,anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer properties of Thai Perilla frutescence fruit oil in animals

Perilla frutescens fruit oil (PFO) is rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA) and exhibits biological activities. We aimed to investigate analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer activities of PFO and PFO-supplemented soybean milk (PFO-SM) in animal models. Analgesic activity was assessed in acetic acid-induced writhing in mice, while anti-inflammatory activity was performed in ethyl phenylpropiolate (EPP)-induced ear edema and carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in rats. Anti-ulcer effects were conducted in water immersion stress, HCl/ethanol and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Distinctly, PFO, containing 6.96 mg ALA and 2.61 mg LA equivalence/g, did not induce acute toxicity (LD₅₀ > 10 mL/kg) in mice. PFO (2.5 and 5 mL/kg) and PFO-SM (0.05 mL PFO equivalence/kg) inhibited incidences of writhing (16.8, 18.0 and 32.3%, respectively) in acetic acid-induced mice. In addition, topical applications of PFO (0.1 and 1 mL/ear) significantly inhibited EPP-induced ear edema (59.3 and 65.7%, respectively) in rats, while PFO-SM slightly inhibited ear edema (25.9%). However, PFO and PFO-SM did not inhibit carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in rats. Indeed, PFO (2.5 and 5 mL/kg) significantly inhibited gastric ulcers in rats that induced by water immersion stress (92.4 and 96.6%, respectively), HCl/ethanol (74.8 and 73.3%, respectively) and indomethacin (68.8 and 88.9%, respectively), while PFO-SM did not. PFO displayed potent analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer properties, while PFO-SM exerted only analgesic properties. Thus, Thai PFO and its functional drink offer potential benefits in treatment of analgesic, inflammatory diseases and gastric ulcer.     

Anti-inflammatory activity of Urera baccifera (Urticaceae) in Sprague-Dawley rats

On a preliminary test, anti-inflammatory and analgesic dose-related activities on rats were observed for the aqueous fraction of Urera baccifera; this extract was bioassay-guided fractionated and the final aqueous fraction was used according the ethnobotanical use. Carrageenan-induced edema (n = 6), was used as an assay in the fractionating process. The anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of the final aqueous fraction were studied using in vivo models. For the anti-inflammatory activity rat paw edema (n = 6), pleurisy induced by carrageenan (n = 6) and ear edema induced by topical croton oil (n = 6) models were used, and tail-flick test (n = 6), abdominal constrictions induced by acetic acid (n = 6), and formalin test (n = 6), were used for the antinociceptive activity. The tests performed showed an inhibition effect on leukocyte migration, and a reduction on pleural exudate, as well as dose-dependant peripheral analgesic activity, at a range of 25-100 mg/kg i.p. The final aqueous fraction contains most of the anti-inflammatory activity of the plant U. baccifera. A possible mechanism of action is discussed and based on the results we conclude that this plant has a potential for both anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity at the clinical level.     

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of SKLJI, a highly purified and injectable herbal extract of Lonicera japonica

The parenteral route has many merits over the oral route, including greater predictability, reproducibility of absorption, and rapid drug action, but injectable phytomedicines are uncommon due to protein precipitating tannin and hemolytic saponin components. In this study, in an effort to develop a safe injectable analgesic phytomedicine, we prepared a tannin and saponin-free Lonicera japonica extract, SKLJI, through fractionation and column purification, and evaluated its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in in vivo experimental models of inflammation and pain. The removal of tannin and saponin resulted in loganin and sweroside-enriched SKLJI and it showed reduced hemolysis and protein precipitation. In efficacy tests, SKLJI inhibited croton oil- and arachidonic acid-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced writhing, and carrageenan-induced rat hind paw hyperalgesia. Inhibition of cylcooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and 5-lipoxyfenase (5-LO) activities by SKLJI appeared to be the mechanism underlying anti-inflammatory and analgesic efficacy. Loganin and sweroside also showed anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, suggesting that they might be active principles in the efficacy of SKLJI. These results suggest that SKLJI is a viable candidate for a new anti-inflammatory and analgesic phytomedicine that can be administered by the parenteral route.     

活络效灵丹抗炎镇痛作用的实验研究

目的：研究活络效灵丹的抗炎、镇痛、消肿等药理作用,为该药的临床研究提供基础。方法：用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀法和角又莱胶致大鼠足肿胀法研究抗炎作用,用热板法和扭体法研究镇痛作用。结果：活络效灵丹能较好地抑制二甲苯引起的小鼠耳廓炎性肿胀和大鼠甲醛致足跖肿胀,能显著提高热板试验小鼠的痛阈,有效抑制冰醋酸引起的小鼠扭体反应次数。结论：活络效灵丹具有良好的抗炎、镇痛、消肿等作用。     

珊瑚菜不同部位香豆素含量的研究

应用高效液相色谱技术,对珊瑚菜（Glehnia littoralis Fr.Schmidt ex Miq.）的果实、叶和根以及采后去皮入药的根和根皮中的补骨脂素、欧前胡素和异欧前胡素3种香豆素的含量进行了测定。结果显示：（1）3种香豆素在果实、叶与根、根皮中均有积累,总含量在果实中最高,为0.6364mg·g-1,根中为0.0657mg·g-1,根皮中为0.0312mg·g-1,叶中为0.0151mg·g-1,采后去皮处理的根中最低,仅为0.0081mg·g-1。（2）珊瑚菜根经水烫去皮处理后香豆素含量急剧下降,与同期采收未去皮处理的根相比,去皮后根内香豆素总含量、补骨脂素、欧前胡素、异欧前胡素含量分别下降了87.7%、100%、82.76%、85.25%。（3）与未去皮的根相比,处理后的根皮中香豆素总量、补骨脂素、欧前胡素和异欧前胡素含量分别是未去皮处理的珊瑚菜根中的47.42%、31.37%、51.54%和53.28%。研究表明：从充分利用香豆素成分的角度出发,根入药时应带根皮使用,另外,叶和根皮不应丢弃,均可收集作为提取香豆素新的植物资源,果实中香豆素含量很高,亦可作为香豆素资源。     

Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of SKLJI,a Highly Purified and Injectable Herbal Extract of Lonicera japonica

The parenteral route has many merits over the oral route, including greater predictability, reproducibility of absorption, and rapid drug action, but injectable phytomedicines are uncommon due to protein precipitating tannin and hemolytic saponin components. In this study, in an effort to develop a safe injectable analgesic phytomedicine, we prepared a tannin and saponin-free Lonicera japonica extract, SKLJI, through fractionation and column purification, and evaluated its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in in vivo experimental models of inflammation and pain. The removal of tannin and saponin resulted in loganin and sweroside-enriched SKLJI and it showed reduced hemolysis and protein precipitation. In efficacy tests, SKLJI inhibited croton oil- and arachidonic acid-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced writhing, and carrageenan-induced rat hind paw hyperalgesia. Inhibition of cylcooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and 5-lipoxyfenase (5-LO) activities by SKLJI appeared to be the mechanism underlying anti-inflammatory and analgesic efficacy. Loganin and sweroside also showed anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, suggesting that they might be active principles in the efficacy of SKLJI. These results suggest that SKLJI is a viable candidate for a new anti-inflammatory and analgesic phytomedicine that can be administered by the parenteral route.     

不同产地大血藤次生代谢产物含量比较

对不同产地大血藤的不同营养器官的总鞣质、总生物碱、皂苷、木质素、绿原酸、总黄酮共6种次生代谢产物的含量进行测定与比较。结果显示：6种次生代谢产物在不同营养器官中的含量具有一定的差异,总含量以叶最高,老茎次之,幼茎最小。6种次生代谢产物除木质素茎含量较高外,其余5种均以叶片的含量最高,差异具有显著性。不同产地大血藤的6种次生代谢产物的含量具有显著性差异。通过逐步回归分析和通径分析,得知大血藤叶片次生代谢产物与土壤生态因子的关系密切。聚类分析显示庆元百山祖及天台的大雷山和天台山的大血藤叶片的次生代谢产物含量较高。     

砷胁迫对三七皂苷和黄酮含量、关键酶活性的影响及其蛋白质组分析

通过田间小区试验,研究不同As浓度(0、20、80、140、200和260 mg·kg^-1)连续2年处理对3年生三七根茎(主根、须根、剪口)和茎叶中皂苷、黄酮和As含量、三七鲨烯合酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶和查尔酮合酶活性,以及叶片蛋白质组的影响,探讨连续2年砷胁迫对三七主要药效成分影响的酶学和蛋白质组学机制.结果表明: 三七须根中总皂苷含量随砷处理浓度的增加而降低.140 mg·kg^-1As处理下,茎叶和剪口总皂苷大于对照.根茎部三七鲨烯合酶活性较茎叶高.三七各部位黄酮含量均随砷处理浓度的增加而降低.140 mg·kg^-1As处理下,根茎部查尔酮合酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性较茎叶高.茎叶和剪口查尔酮合酶活性低于对照,苯丙氨酸解氨酶的活性高于对照.三七各部位砷含量均随砷处理浓度增加而增加.须根中砷含量大于其他部位.140 mg·kg^-1As处理下,与对照相比,差异表达的蛋白质点达21个.叶片蛋白质组中下调的蛋白质包括磷酸核酮糖激酶、热激蛋白、NAD(P)-结合酶、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶和细胞色素b6-f复合物铁硫亚基.上调的蛋白质为CDC27家族蛋白、酸性内切壳多糖酶、共生受体激酶、异黄酮还原酶、DAHP合成酶、蛋白激酶、苹果酸脱氢酶、乙二醛酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶.经过连续2年的砷胁迫, 三七各部位砷含量增加,不仅影响了三七叶片光合作用和能量的合成,还减弱了抗氧化和抗逆能力,诱导了代谢解毒物质的酶表达,导致皂苷和黄酮含量降低.三七对砷的耐受阈值为140 mg·kg^-1.     

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Indian Hypericum perforatum L

A standardised 50% aqueous ethanolic extract of the Indian variety of Hypericum perforatum (IHp) was examined for its putative anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, po. The experimental paradigms used were carrageenan induced pedal edema and cotton pellet induced granuloma for anti-inflammatory activity, whereas the tail flick, hot plate and acetic acid induced writhing methods were used to asses analgesic activity. Indomethacin (20 mg/kg, ip) was used as the standard anti-inflammatory drug. Pentazocine (10 mg/kg, ip) and aspirin (25 mg/kg, ip), both clinically used analgesics, were used as standard analgesics for comparison. IHp extract showed significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity at both dose levels, in all the paradigms used. Additionally, IHp potentiated the anti-inflammatory activity of indomethacin and analgesic activities of pentazocine and aspirin.     

Total phenolic,flavonoid contents,and biological activities of stem extracts of Astragalus spinosus (Forssk.) Muschl. grown in Northern Border Province,Saudi Arabia

Background and objectiveGenus Astragalus belongs to the family Fabaceae and is one among the largest genera consisting of around 3000 species. The plants have been used traditionally in treatment of various ailments in folklore. The study was planned to assess the analgesic and inflammatory activity of Astragulus spinosus (Forssk.) Muschl extract of the stem.Materials and methodsCourse powder of stems of Astragulus spinosus was extracted using chloroform and methanol as solvents. Folin ciocalteu method was employed for determination of the phenolic acid content. Aluminum chloride colorimetric procedure was followed for estimating the flavonoid content. Both chloroform and methanolic extracts at 250 and 500 mg/kg, were tested for the analgesic activity, however, only methanolic extract was selected for anti-inflammatory property based on the results of analgesic activity. The analgesic effect was executed on male rats by the hot plate model. The anti-inflammatory effect was studied in the carrageenan rat paw edema model. The experimental information was interpreted statistically using one-way ANOVA and p < 0.05 was used to express importance of the results.ResultsThe total phenolics of the methanol extract was 420 µg and that of chloroform extract was 265 µgwhile total flavonoid content in terms of quercetin was found to be 68 µg and 17.5 µg for methanol and chloroform extract respectively. Only methanolic extract exhibited significant (p < 0.001) analgesic activity by elevating the pain threshold starting from 15 min. The methanolic extract inhibited (p < 0.001) the edema in carrageenan induced model. The performance of higher dose (500 mg/kg) was better with reference to lower dose (250 mg/kg).ConclusionOutcome of the results show that the methanolic stem extracts exhibited significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory-like activity with reference to chloroform extract. Credit of which is given to flavonoids and phenolic content present in the methanolic extract. However, more research is suggested to establish the safety and effectiveness of the herbal drug to manage diseased states including pain and inflammation.