不同地理种群赤拟谷盗肠道细菌群落多样性分析

【目的】了解储粮害虫赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)成虫肠道细菌群落组成及多样性。【方法】利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术对3个地理种群的赤拟谷盗雄虫肠道细菌16S rDNA的V3-V4变异区进行测序分析。【结果】从赤拟谷盗肠道样本中共测得465 293条reads,聚类为113个OTU,共注释到8门、15纲、33目、52科和79属的细菌。其中,优势菌门包括变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)等,优势菌属包括假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、肠杆菌科未鉴定属(Unclassified-f-Enterobacteriaceae)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、肠球菌属(Enterococcus)和根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)等。3个地理种群的赤拟谷盗肠道细菌的Shannon指数、Simpson指数、Ace指数和Chao指数分别为1.5-1.7、0.3、79.7-133.2和76.4-85.2。【结论】不同地理种群的赤拟谷盗成虫的肠道细菌群落组成存在显著差异。     

松墨天牛成虫室内外种群肠道细菌的多样性及功能分析

【目的】为明确松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus成虫中、后肠细菌群落结构,探索肠道细菌的潜在功能。【方法】分别提取室外和室内饲养的松墨天牛成虫各15头(室内和室外各15个中肠、15个后肠)的肠道DNA,利用二代测序技术对松墨天牛成虫肠道细菌的16S rDNA V3–V4区序列进行测序,统计操作分类单元(OTUs)数量,分析物种组成、Alpha多样性和Beta多样性;采用PICRUSt软件预测肠道细菌的功能。【结果】共获得544180条高质量序列,在97%相似度下将其聚类为615个OTUs,总共注释到22个门、48个纲、112个目、172个科、285个属和408个种。室内种群的OTUs数量多于室外种群,室内外种群的OTUs种类存在差异性。同一种群的中、后肠之间差异不明显。变形菌门Proteobacteria为室内外松墨天牛肠道细菌的最优势门;肠杆菌属Enterobacter为室外种群肠道细菌和室内种群后肠细菌的最优势属,沙雷氏菌属Serratia为室内种群中肠的最优势属。Alpha多样性结果表明松墨天牛成虫室内种群肠道菌群的丰度显著高于室外种群;Beta多样性结果显示室外种群肠道菌群均一性和稳定性比室内种群好。室外和室内种群的中肠与后肠之间在菌群丰度和多样性上均无显著差异。功能预测结果表明,室内外松墨天牛成虫肠道菌群中代谢通路的丰度最高,其中以糖类代谢和氨基酸代谢为主,还有降解外源化学物质、萜类和聚酮类化合物及其他次生代谢物质的能力。不同种群、不同肠段之间的功能丰度均无显著差异。【结论】明确了取食不同食料的松墨天牛成虫中、后肠的细菌群落结构及差异,了解了肠道细菌的潜在作用,为进一步探究松墨天牛肠道共生菌的功能提供了理论基础。     

华美奥锹甲不同颚型雄性成虫肠道细菌群落多样性

【目的】分析比较华美奥锹甲Odontolabis fallaciosa不同颚型雄性成虫肠道细菌的群落结构和多样性。【方法】分别提取华美奥锹甲雄性3种颚型(大颚型、中颚型和小颚型)31头成虫样本(15个大颚型、10个中颚型、6个小颚型)的肠道DNA,利用Illumina Mi Seq技术对其肠道细菌的16S r DNA V3-V4变异区序列进行测序,统计样品操作分类单元(OTU)数量,分析物种组成丰度、α多样性和β多样性。【结果】共获得优质序列2 238 637条,在97%相似度下可将其聚类为用于物种分类的3 256个OTU,共注释到的主要分类阶元有42个门、328个科和542个属。门分类水平上,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、柔膜菌门(Tenericutes)为优势门类;属分类水平上,优势属为不动杆菌属Acinetobacter、Dysgonomonas属、巴尔通氏体属Bartonella、金黄杆菌属Chryseobacterium。α多样性分析结果表明,华美奥锹甲雄性成虫肠道细菌群落整体多样性比较丰富;β多样性分析结果表明,大颚型、中颚型和小颚型之间OTU组成有差异。【结论】采用Illumina Mi Seq测序技术,分析了华美奥锹甲雄性成虫肠道细菌群落的结构和组成。大颚型与中颚型雄性成虫间的肠道细菌群落组成差异显著,但大颚型与小颚型间、中颚型与小颚型间雄性成虫肠道细菌群落组成无差异。     

维吾尔族与汉族儿童肠道细菌群落分析

【背景】肠道菌群是人体的重要组成部分,在人体的多种生命活动中发挥着重要作用。【目的】探究维吾尔族和汉族儿童肠道细菌群落特征,为儿童营养健康状况监测和营养改善工作提供更有效精准的营养干预策略。【方法】从新疆维吾尔自治区泽普县维吾尔族和河南省民权县汉族人群中分别随机选取10?12岁学龄期儿童各20名,同一时间段收集其新鲜粪便,提取细菌总DNA,通过高通量测序和生物信息学分析,研究两地区健康维吾尔族儿童与汉族儿童肠道细菌群落的差异。【结果】获得测序序列2 007 100条,归类于994个OTU;所有样本共含15个细菌门139属。α多样性和β多样性分析表明,调查地区的2个民族儿童肠道细菌的丰富度和多样性均有统计学意义上的差异,维吾尔族儿童肠道细菌群落丰富度高于汉族儿童,而物种多样性不如汉族儿童。其中,维吾尔族儿童肠道细菌丰度相对占优势的门和属及其丰度值为：拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,63%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,22%)、普氏菌属(Prevotella,61%)、琥珀酸弧菌属(Succinivibrio,9%)和粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium,5%);汉族儿童肠道细菌丰度占优势的门和属及其丰度值为：厚壁菌门(57%)、拟杆菌门(23%)、粪杆菌属(16%)、普氏菌属(11%)和拟杆菌属(Bacteroides,11%)。【结论】调查地区维吾尔族与汉族儿童肠道细菌群落差异较大,这为进一步研究肠道菌群与膳食因素及人体营养健康状况之间的关系提供了依据。     

华北特有腐生型兰科植物北京无喙兰根际土壤微生物多样性研究

北京无喙兰(Holopogon pekinensis X. Y. Mu & Bing Liu)为华北地区特有珍稀腐生型兰科植物,分布在海拔约1100 m的杂木林内,生境与本区域内其他腐生型兰科植物(常在1600 m以上桦木林中生长)显著不同。本研究针对北京玉渡山和百花山两个北京无喙兰种群的根际土壤样品开展基于高通量测序技术的根际土壤微生物多样性分析,解析北京无喙兰根际土壤微生物群落组成及多样性。测序分析结果显示,共得到4973个细菌OTU(Operational taxonomic unit),发现北京无喙兰根际土壤的优势细菌类群为变形菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门等7个门,优势属有MND1、硝化螺菌属(Nitrospira)和Haliangium等。1914个真菌OTU的分析结果表明,根际土壤优势真菌类群为子囊菌门、担子菌门、结合菌门等;优势属有Archaeorhizomyces、蜡壳耳属(Sebacina)和被孢霉属(Mortierella)等;优势真菌多为外生菌根真菌,可能是北京无喙兰潜在的菌根真菌。多样性指数分析显示,北京无喙兰玉渡山种群根际土壤中的真菌和细菌群落的丰富度和均匀度均高于百花山种群,各种群土壤微生物多样性与北京无喙兰所在种群的乔木种类多样性具有一定的相关性。     

养殖塘和市售小龙虾肠道细菌多样性的比较

养殖塘与市售小龙虾在摄食、存活率方面存在明显差异。为了揭示这些差异是否与肠道细菌群落组成有关,通过Illumina高通量测序技术研究了养殖塘和市售小龙虾肠道细菌群落组成,并对群落功能进行了分析。结果显示,养殖塘小龙虾肠道细菌群落组成与市售小龙虾差异明显。养殖塘小龙虾肠道细菌优势门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)(占49.98%～58.11%)、厚壁菌门(Firmcutes)(9.51%～36.76%)、软壁菌门(Tenericutes)(6.02%～26.96%)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)(4.06%～4.14%);市售小龙虾肠道细菌主要优势门为拟杆菌门(21.05%～39.22%)、厚壁菌门(20.51%～35.94%)、暂定门RsaHF231(11.55%～46.34%)和变形菌门(4.29%～11.04%)。在属水平上,柠檬酸杆菌属和哈夫尼菌属是养殖塘小龙虾肠道中的正常核心菌群,但其在市售样本中占比较低;暂定门RsaHF231未分类属、拟杆菌属、丹毒丝菌科的[Anaerorhabdus]_furcosa_group和g_ZOR0006是市售小龙虾肠道中的优势类群,但在养殖塘样本中含量较低。COG功能预测结果显示,养殖塘小龙虾肠道细菌群落的代谢功能较市场样本旺盛。与养殖塘小龙虾相比,市售小龙虾肠道细菌群落组成和功能有较大差异,这可能与其摄食减少、存活率降低有关。     

小龙虾肠道细菌群落多样性及产蛋白酶细菌的筛选

【背景】养殖动物对饲料的消化利用往往与肠道菌群密切相关。【目的】揭示小龙虾肠道细菌群落组成,并从小龙虾肠道筛选产蛋白酶细菌。【方法】在Illumina MiSeq PE300平台对细菌16S rRNA基因V3-V4区进行高通量测序,分析小龙虾肠道细菌群落多样性;通过酪蛋白平板法筛选产蛋白酶细菌并进行分子生物学鉴定。【结果】小龙虾肠道细菌优势门包括变形菌门、软壁菌门、厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门等4个门,累计占比为98.53%;优势属包括柠檬酸杆菌属、支原体科Candidatus_Bacilloplasma暂定属、哈夫尼菌属、肠球菌属、拟杆菌属、梭菌科未分类属、希瓦氏菌属等7个属,累计占比为91.67%。通过酪蛋白平板法筛选的产蛋白酶细菌来自哈夫尼菌属、柠檬酸杆菌属、克雷伯氏菌属和芽孢杆菌属。【结论】小龙虾肠道细菌核心类群在蛋白质消化利用中发挥了重要作用。     

基于16S rDNA基因序列的泽兰实蝇幼虫肠道细菌多样性分析

【目的】探究泽兰实蝇 Procecidochares utilis 幼虫肠道细菌的多样性。【方法】利用Illumina HiSeq技术对泽兰实蝇幼虫肠道细菌的16S rDNA-V6变异区序列进行测序,应用USEARCH和QIIME等软件整理和统计样品序列数目和操作分类单元（operational taxonomic unit, OTU）数量,分析物种的丰度和Alpha多样性。【结果】共获得1 593 506 对reads,拼接为1 579 372条tags,经过滤后得到的1 572 860条tags聚类为1 341个OTU。总共注释到13个门,4个纲,6个目,7个科,10个属和4个种。其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的细菌为优势菌,占99%;在属分类阶元上,沃尔巴克氏体属 Wolbachia 占45%,是优势属。【结论】泽兰实蝇幼虫肠道细菌多样性丰富。相关的种类和丰度信息为后期研究揭示肠道细菌介导泽兰实蝇寄主植物专化性奠定了基础。     

黔中地区马尾松林下杜鹃根部内生真菌群落组成及其生态功能

探索黔中马尾松(Pinus massoniana)林下杜鹃(Rhododendron simsii)根内生真菌物种多样性和生态功能。采集黔中乌当(WD)、孟关(MG)、龙里(LL) 3个地区马尾松林下杜鹃的发根,提取真菌DNA进行高通量测序。分析真菌Alpha多样性,借助FUNGuild注释平台解析真菌的生态功能类别,探索真菌群落中的核心微生物组,并结合网络图展示菌群之间的关联性。结果,3个地区的杜鹃根部内生真菌多样性非常丰富,WD地区杜鹃内生真菌多样性和丰富度最高。试验共获得有效序列425799条,817个可操作分类单元(OTU),分属于6门19纲52目103科154属,主要隶属于子囊菌门(81.2%)、接合菌门(5.8%)和担子菌门(4.7%);优势纲、目、科分别为:散囊菌纲(43.0%)、散囊菌目(39.2%)、发菌科(39.2%);在属的水平上,青霉属(38.60%)占比最高,其次是木霉属(7.20%)、拟盘多毛孢属(6.10%)。根部的真菌拥有多种生态功能群,如未定义腐生菌(194 OTU)、植物病原菌(20 OTU)、土壤腐生菌(18 OTU)、外生菌(14 OTU)、地衣共生真菌(10 OTU)、杜鹃类菌根真菌(5 OTU)、木腐生菌(5 OTU)、丛枝菌根(4 OTU)、内生菌(2 OTU)、动物病原菌(8 OTU),以及多种混合营养型类群21类,102个Undefined种类在FUNGuild数据库中没有参考信息。根部真菌可以形成生态位共享模式,而且不同功能群之间存在耦合性,核心基因组与关键物种以真菌组形成的生态功能团表现。     

不同生境黑老虎根际和内生真菌多样性分析

为探究不同生长条件下黑老虎根际和根部内生真菌群落组成和多样性及其与土壤环境因子的相关性,该文应用Illumina高通量测序方法对贵州3个不同生境下黑老虎根际和根部内生真菌进行了研究。结果表明:(1)3种生境下,根际土壤真菌OTU数量(3 867)远多于根部内生真菌(801),其中根际土壤真菌共有的OTU为72个,共注释到5个门、49个属,大多为子囊菌门; 属水平上被孢霉属、外瓶柄霉属、 柱孢属占比较高; 根部内生真菌共有的OTU为14个,共注释到2个门、11个属,子囊菌门(13个,占比92.9%)占绝对优势,属水平上被孢霉属、外瓶柄霉属、 柱孢属和丛赤壳属占比最高; 所有样本中,共有的OTU仅为6个,注释到2个门、5个属,子囊菌门(5个,占比83.3%)为优势门; 在属水平上,占比最高的为外瓶柄霉属(2个,33.3%),其余分别为被孢霉属、柱孢属和丛赤壳属 。Alpha多样性分析表明,根际土壤的真菌群落多样性和丰富度均显著高于根部内生真菌,而野生生境的真菌多样性高于栽培生境。(2)在门水平上,3个生境下主要内生真菌类群均为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota),占总菌群的88.28%; 在属水平上,不同生境条件下,根际和根部内生真菌群落结构差异明显; 栽培生境下,根部内生真菌菌群具有一定的偏好性,而野生生境下,根部内生真菌菌群均匀度更高; FUNGuild真菌群落功能预测显示,栽培生境下的病理-腐生营养型(pathotroph-saprotroph)在根部内生真菌中占比较高,而野生生境下的腐生营养型(saprotroph)及共生营养型(symbiotroph)占比较高。(3)土壤环境因子对根部内生真菌和根际真菌的影响方式不同,其中土壤总钾(TK)和土壤总磷(TP)与黑老虎根部内生真菌香农指数和辛普森指数显著正相关,而土壤有机质(SOM)、总氮(TN)和速效氮(AN)与黑老虎根际土壤真菌Ace指数和Chao1指数显著正相关。综上表明,土壤有机质、总氮、速效氮是影响黑老虎根际土壤真菌群落的主要土壤环境因子。     

稻纵卷叶螟肠道细菌群落结构与多样性分析

【目的】为明确水稻主要害虫稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenée)幼虫肠道细菌的群落结构和多样性。【方法】利用Illumina Mi Seq技术对稻纵卷叶螟4龄幼虫肠道细菌的16S r DNA V3-V4变异区序列进行测序,应用USEARCH和QIIME软件整理和统计样品序列数和操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit,OTU)数量,分析4龄幼虫肠道细菌的物种组成、丰度和多样性。【结果】稻纵卷叶螟4个数量不同的4龄幼虫样本(1,2,3和5头)共得165 386条reads,在97%相似度下可将其聚类为604个OTUs。总共注释到22个门,43个纲,82个目,142个科,204个属,244个种。其中在门水平上,主要优势菌为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)(相对丰度26%~34%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)(23%~32%);在纲水平上,主要优势菌为放线菌纲(Actinobacteria)(相对丰度23%~32%)、酸杆菌纲(Acidobacteria)(9%~11%)、α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)(10%~13%)、β-变形菌纲(Betaproteobacteria)(6%~8%)和γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)(6%~12%);在科水平上,共有优势菌为类诺卡氏菌科(Nocardioidaceae)、丛毛单胞菌科(Comamonadaceae)、黄单胞菌科(Xanthomonadaceae)、鞘脂单胞菌科(Sphingomonadaceae)和芽单胞菌科(Gemmatimonadaceae)等。在属水平上,4个样本前5位优势属中,类诺卡氏属Nocardioides和鞘脂单胞菌Sphingomonas为共有优势属。稻纵卷叶螟肠道细菌Simpson指数、Shannon指数、Ace指数和Chao指数分别为0.16~0.65,0.94~3.22,212~488和210~490。【结论】稻纵卷叶螟幼虫肠道细菌多样性比较丰富,个体间微生物群落结构和多样性有差异。不同数量样本数据与总体数据有助于综合反映稻纵卷叶螟种群肠道微生物状况。本研究结果为进一步研究稻纵卷叶螟肠道微生物的功能及其在防治中的应用奠定了基础。     

蒙古栎根内及根围土壤中共生真菌和细菌群落组成分析

为探究中国东北地区森林根系和根围土壤中共生真菌的分布状况,分析了黑龙江省五大连池市蒙古栎Quercus mongolica纯林中根内及根围土壤中共生真菌和细菌群落的组成。结果表明,根内真菌的1 295个OTUs中有209个OTUs为共生真菌,隶属于36属,相对丰度25.46%;根围土壤真菌1 513个OTUs中有285个OTUs为共生真菌,隶属于40属,相对丰度59.91%;根内与根围土壤共同拥有共生真菌33属,根内特有3属,根围土壤特有7属。其中,外生菌根真菌为根内和根围土壤中共生真菌的主要类群,分别占共生真菌的98.82%和99.80%。定殖根内的细菌共获得5 550个OTUs,隶属于400属;根围土壤细菌获得8 406个OTUs,隶属于436属,根内细菌群落的Shannon指数和Chao1指数均低于根围土壤的。PICRUSt功能预测分析结果表明,根内的信号转导通路与信号分子和相互作用通路（包括CAM配体、ECM-受体相互作用等通路）的丰度低于根围土壤,而膜运输通路与信号分子和相互作用通路（包括细菌毒素、细胞抗原等通路）的丰度高于根围土壤。根内与根围土壤中菌根辅助细菌组成差异分析结果表明,除慢生根瘤菌属 Bradyrhizobium外,根内其余9属的相对丰度均高于根围土壤,尤其假单胞菌属 Pseudomonas的相对丰度远高于根围土壤。     

Diversity of culturable halophilic archaea isolated from Rambla Salada, Murcia (Spain)

We have studied the diversity of culturable halophilic Archaea at Rambla Salada, Murcia (south-eastern Spain). We made 8 samplings at different places in this habitat during the years 2006 and 2007 and isolated a total of 49 strains, which were identified by means of phenotypic tests and the hypervariable V1–V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene sequences (around 500 bp). The ribosomal data showed that the isolates belonged to 12 genera within the Halobacteriaceae family, with Haloferax and Natrinema being the most abundant. Five strains showed less than 97% sequence identity with validly described species and may well represent new taxa. All the strains grew best with around 25% w/v salts, required high concentrations of NaCl and magnesium and produced red to pink colonies. They were facultative anaerobes with both respiratory and fermentative metabolisms. The diversity of the archaeal community was analysed with the MOTHUR package. We identified 14 OTUs at the 3% genetic distance level and found quite high diversity. Rarefaction curves of richness estimators and diversity indices demonstrated that our collection of isolates represented the archaeal community at Rambla Salada that can be isolated under the conditions used in this work. This is the first report to be published on the culturable archaea at Rambla Salada, an area of considerable ecological interest.     

高通量测序分析大兴安岭典型森林土壤细菌和真菌群落特征

【背景】大兴安岭地区是我国对气候变化响应最敏感的区域,而土壤微生物在维持寒区森林生态系统结构和功能中发挥重要作用。【目的】探究大兴安岭不同森林类型土壤微生物群落结构及与环境因子的关系。【方法】采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术,分析3种典型森林(白桦林、落叶松林和樟子松林)土壤细菌和真菌群落组成和多样性。【结果】3种林型中共获得2 786个细菌操作分类单元(Operational Taxonomic Unit,OTU),隶属于38门531属,其中优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria, 31.45%-40.32%)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria, 14.24%-40.16%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria,7.13%-22.15%);1803个真菌OTU隶属于8门263属,其中优势菌门为担子菌门(Basidiomycota,40.43%-62.75%)和子囊菌门(Ascomycota,35.81%-53.68%)。主坐标分析表明,3种林型中细菌和真菌群落组间差异远大于组内差异。Mantel检验结果显示:细菌群落结构与pH、总氮(Total Nitrogen,TN)、总磷(Total Phosphorus,TP)和含水量(Soil Water Content,SWC)具有显著相关性(P0.05),其中pH的相关性系数最大;真菌群落结构与SWC、TN和TP具有显著相关性(P0.05),其中TN的相关性系数最大。冗余分析结果发现,TP与变形菌门、担子菌门相对丰度呈显著正相关,TN和SWC与酸杆菌门、子囊菌门呈显著正相关,pH与放线菌门呈显著正相关(P0.05)。【结论】不同林型间土壤微生物群落结构存在显著差异,明晰其分布规律及主要环境驱动因子,是把握寒区森林生态系统过程的关键。     

Diversity of bacteria growing in natural mineral water after bottling

Bacterial growth occurs in noncarbonated natural mineral waters a few days after filling and storage at room temperature, a phenomenon known for more than 40 years. Using the full-cycle rRNA approach, we monitored the development of the planktonic bacterial community in a noncarbonated natural mineral water after bottling. Seven 16S rRNA gene libraries, comprising 108 clones in total, were constructed from water samples taken at various days after bottling and from two different bottle sizes. Sequence analyses identified 11 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), all but one affiliated with the betaproteobacterial order Burkholderiales (6 OTUs) or the class Alphaproteobacteria (4 OTUs). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied in combination with DAPI (4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining, viability staining, and microscopic counting to quantitatively monitor changes in bacterial community composition. A growth curve similar to that of a bacterium grown in a batch culture was recorded. In contrast to the current perception that Gammaproteobacteria are the most important bacterial components of natural mineral water in bottles, Betaproteobacteria dominated the growing bacterial community and accounted for 80 to 98% of all bacteria detected by FISH in the late-exponential and stationary-growth phases. Using previously published and newly designed genus-specific probes, members of the betaproteobacterial genera Hydrogenophaga, Aquabacterium, and Polaromonas were found to constitute a significant proportion of the bacterial flora (21 to 86% of all bacteria detected by FISH). For the first time, key genera responsible for bacterial growth in a natural mineral water were identified by applying molecular cultivation-independent techniques.     

PhyloChip hybridization uncovered an enormous bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere of different potato cultivars: many common and few cultivar-dependent taxa

The phylogenetic composition of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of three potato cultivars grown at two distant field sites was analysed. Ribosomal gene fragments amplified from total community DNA were hybridized to PhyloChips. A total of 2432 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected by the PhyloChips, of which 65% were found in the rhizosphere of all cultivars at both field sites. From all detected OTUs, 9% revealed a cultivar-dependent abundance at the one or the other field site and 4% at both sites. Differential abundance on the three cultivars was mainly observed for OTUs belonging to the Pseudomonadales, Actinomycetales and Enterobacteriales. More than 40% of OTUs belonging to Bradyrhizobiales, Sphingomonadales, Burkholderiales, Rhodocyclales, Xanthomonadales and Actinomycetales differed significantly in their abundance between the sites. A sequence analysis of six 16S rRNA gene clone libraries corresponded well with the taxonomic community structure evidenced by the PhyloChip hybridization. Most ribotypes matched OTUs detected by the PhyloChip. Those OTUs that responded to the potato cultivar at both field sites might be of interest in view of cultivar-specific effects on bacterial biocontrol strains and pathogens.     

Host-association as major driver of microbiome structure and composition in Red Sea seagrass ecosystems

The role of the microbiome in sustaining seagrasses has recently been highlighted. However, our understanding of the seagrass microbiome lacks behind that of other organisms. Here, we analyse the endophytic and total bacterial communities of leaves, rhizomes, and roots of six Red Sea seagrass species and their sediments. The structure of seagrass bacterial communities revealed that the 1% most abundant OTUs accounted for 87.9% and 74.8% of the total numbers of reads in sediment and plant tissue samples, respectively. We found taxonomically distinct bacterial communities in vegetated and bare sediments. Yet, our results suggest that lifestyle (i.e. free-living or host-association) is the main driver of bacterial community composition. Seagrass bacterial communities were tissue- and species-specific and differed from those of surrounding sediments. We identified OTUs belonging to genera related to N and S cycles in roots, and members of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes phyla as particularly enriched in root endosphere. The finding of highly similar OTUs in well-defined sub-clusters by network analysis suggests the co-occurrence of highly connected key members within Red Sea seagrass bacterial communities. These results provide key information towards the understanding of the role of microorganisms in seagrass ecosystem functioning framed under the seagrass holobiont concept.     

不同水稻组织内生细菌的群落多样性

[目的]为详细了解水稻不同组织内生细菌群落多样性。[方法]对宁粳43号内生细菌的总DNA提取后,采用高通量测序技术对水稻内生细菌的16S rRNA基因进行了序列测定,分析了水稻不同组织部位内生细菌群落结构特征。[结果]叶部共获得内生细菌OTUs 610个,茎部411个,根部174个。物种分类显示,叶部内生细菌种类隶属于22门40纲103目198科399属,其中优势类群是红球菌属（Rhodococcus）和乳酸杆菌属（Lactobacillus）,它们的相对丰度分别为21.00%和9.19%;茎部内生细菌种类隶属于19门31纲85目169科306属,其中优势类群是红球菌属和罗尔斯通菌属（Ralstonia）,它们的相对丰度分别为19.25%和13.52%;根部内生细菌种类隶属于9门19纲44目82科140属,其中优势类群是肠杆菌属（Enterobacter）和埃希氏杆菌属（Escherichia）,它们的相对丰度分别为81.13%和10.89%。根茎叶中相同的OTU有78个,放线菌门（Actinobacteria）与大多数细菌具有相关性。根系内生细菌中具有调控各种代谢网络功能的物种丰度高于茎部和叶部。[结论]不同水稻组织内生细菌具有丰富的群落多样性,其中叶部的内生细菌物种最丰富,根系参与各种代谢调控的细菌丰度最高,各个组织部位的优势菌属各不相同,变形菌门是最重要的水稻内生细菌。     

南海长茎葡萄蕨藻共附生真菌的多样性

为了揭示南海长茎葡萄蕨藻Caulerpa lentillifera共附生真菌的群落结构,并分析自来水清洗对真菌群落多样性的影响,本研究以收集于深圳南海各月份长茎葡萄蕨藻为材料,利用Illumina MiSeq 2500测序平台进行真菌ITS1扩增子测序,分析自来水清洗前后真菌类群组成和多样性的差异。研究发现,从所有18个样品中总共获得914个OTUs,检测出真菌3门12纲32目50科74属106种,其中优势属为曲霉属Aspergillus、单胞瓶霉属Phialemonium、枝孢属Cladosporium、链座菌属Catenulostroma和茎点霉属Phoma;不同月份真菌Alpha多样性指数显示南海长茎葡萄蕨藻共附生真菌丰度和多样性均随着温度降低而降低;自来水清洗前后南海长茎葡萄蕨藻共附生真菌的多样性及群落结构存在一定差异,清洗后真菌OTUs和Alpha多样性指数均有所降低,其中Chao1和Ace指数为显著性下降,表明自来水清洗对真菌群落组成丰度及多样性影响显著,这对长茎葡萄蕨藻的食品安全具有积极意义。     

Bacterial Diversity in Linglong Gold Mine,China

Bacteria have been actively regulating cycles of various elements in the environment. To explore the potential bacterial role in gold biogeochemical cycling, this study analyzed the bacterial diversity of mine rock (MR) and surface soil (SS) samples from Linglong gold mine using 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis and cultivation method. From MR, 24 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified from MR, covering 3 phyla and 18 genera. Meanwhile, 24 OTUs were identified from SS, including 4 phyla and 18 genera. Compared with 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis, 28 aerobic and 34 anaerobic isolates were obtained, whereas 26 aerobic and 71 anaerobic strains were isolated from SS. The cultivable bacteria were affiliated with Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria phyla, and dominated by Firmicutes. These results underscore the high level of bacterial diversity in the gold mine. Our study provides information on the microbial diversity in Linglong gold mine and sheds light on the existence and potential function of bacteria in the gold biogeochemical cycling.