实验恒河猴二维超声心动图的初步研究

通过测定实验恒河猴的二维超声心动图各项指标,建立成年恒河猴二维超声心动图相关生理参数的基础正常值。1实验动物正常恒河猴10只,雌性4只、雄性6只,年龄(2～4)岁,体重(4.0～5.5)kg,由四川成都平安动物繁育研究基地提供。2实验仪器采用ACUSON128XP超声心动图仪。3实验方法将恒河猴麻醉后固定在解剖台上,测身长及体重,计算体表面积(BSA)。备皮,连接心电图,记录心率。在胸骨旁左室长轴切面、主动脉短轴切面及二尖瓣口水平左室短轴切面测量。连续测量5个心动周期,取平均值。采用SPSS10.0软件,雌雄之间的差异比较采用t检验,P<0.05为差异…     

超声心动图对高血压心室肥厚患者左心功能的评价及意义

目的:本研究利用超声心动图检测高血压心室肥厚患者左心房结构,探讨当左心结构发生变化时心脏功能所受到的影响,为高血压及其并发症的临床诊断提供检测及诊断参考。方法:选取2011年5月-2013年1月在我院接受检查的高血压心室肥厚患者76例作为观察组,另选取同期经体检的健康人群60例为健康对照组,利用超声心动图观察左心功能和结构,比较两组研究对象的左心房内径(LAD)、心肌质量(LVMM)、舒张末容积(LVEDV)、收缩末容积(LVESV)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)及二尖瓣口舒张末期流速比值(E/A)。结果:两组间心室收缩功能无显著性差异(P0.05);高血压组LAD高于对照组,LVEF及E/A低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);高血压Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期患者间比较,左房内径随血压的升高逐渐递增,而左心室射血分数和二尖瓣口舒张期流速比值则逐渐递减,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:超声心动图可以直观的显示高血压心室肥厚患者左心功能及血流动力学的变化,对临床诊断具有积极的意义。     

超声心动图评价妊娠期糖尿病孕妇胎儿心脏结构及功能中的临床研究

目的:探讨超声心动图评价妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇胎儿心脏结构及功能的价值。方法:收集2014年1月至2016年12月我院住院分娩的156例GDM孕妇为GDM组,并于同期随机选取50例孕周匹配的健康妊娠孕妇为对照组,在妊娠末期采用超声心动图对两组胎儿进行检查,检查内容包括胎儿的心脏瓣环内径、心脏结构以及心脏功能。结果:GDM组孕妇胎儿的MVA、TVA、AVA、PVA均比对照组大,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。GDM组孕妇胎儿的IVSs、IVSd、LVWTd、LVWTs、RVWTd、RVWTs均比对照组大,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。GDM组孕妇胎儿的LVEF、LVFS、RVFS均比对照组大,E/AMV、E/ATV均比对照组小,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。GDM组孕妇胎儿左室Tei指数(LV MPI)、右室Tei指数(RV MPI)均大于对照组(P0.05)。结论:GDM孕妇胎儿心脏结构和功能存在不同程度的改变,超声心动图能有效监测胎儿的心脏结构和功能,从而为临床早期干预和改善预后提供依据。     

超声心动图检查对慢性肺源性心脏病患者右心功能的诊断价值

目的:探讨超声心动图检查对慢性肺源性心脏病患者右心功能的诊断价值。方法:选取2016年8月至2017年12月间本院收治的35例慢性肺源性心脏病患者作为实验组,并选择同期健康体检者35例作为对照组,全部受试者均给予超声心动图检查。分别比较两组右房横径(RA)、右室前后径(RV)、肺动脉平均压(MPAP)、射血分数(EF)、舒张晚期A波峰值流速与舒张早期E波峰值流速的比值(A/E)和右心室Tei指数。同时比较实验组采用常规12导联心电图检查及超声心动图检查的诊断阳性率、右心扩大阳性率和右心扩大伴心衰阳性率。结果:与对照组相比,实验组RA、RV以及MPAP均升高,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组相比,实验组EF明显降低,而A/E值、Tei指数明显升高,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组超声心动图检查的诊断阳性率、右心扩大阳性率和右心扩大伴心衰阳性率均高于常规12导联心电图检查(P0.05)。结论:应用超声心动图检查能够有效诊断慢性肺源性心脏病患者的右心功能,而且操作简单方便,诊断阳性率较高。     

正常成年恒河猴38例心电图分析

猴类是比较接近人类的动物,近年来用猴作为实验动物日益增多(Фридману,1977)。恒河猴(Rhesus Monkey)是目前广泛用于医学生物学研究的猴类之一,是研究动脉粥样硬化和其他心血管疾病较理想的动物。心电图检查是常规观察心脏生理活动的基本指标,现将我们对38例正常成年恒河猴的心电图分析报告如下。 材料与方法     

超声心动图评价左室舒张性心力衰竭患者左心形态及舒张功能的应用价值

目的:研究超声心动图对左室舒张性心力衰竭(LVDHF)患者左心形态及舒张功能的评估价值。方法:选择2014年3月至2016年3月我院收治的LVDHF患者78例记为观察组,另选择同期健康志愿者80例记为对照组,两组受试者均进行血压、心率检查,并利用超声心动图技术检测两组受试者的心脏相关指标。结果:观察组的舒张压(DBP)、收缩压(SBP)、心率(HR)、左房内径(LAD)、室间隔厚度(IVST)、左室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、综合指标(E/Ea)及反向血流速度(Ar)水平均明显高于对照组,而早、晚期的运动速度比(Ea/Aa)、血流传播速度(Vp)及峰速比(S/D)水平明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:超声心动图能准确地反应LVDHF患者的左心形态以及舒张功能,可在临床进行推广。     

门诊和住院运动锻炼为核心的整体管理对慢性心力衰竭患者心脏康复治疗效果影响的临床研究

目的:探讨门诊运动康复和住院运动康复对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者心脏康复治疗效果的影响。方法:选择2015年9月至2018年9月间在北京康复医院临床诊断为CHF患者36例,按照随机原则和患者参与意愿分为3组:对照组(n=12):进行除运动锻炼治疗之外的常规心脏康复指导;住院运动康复组(n=12)和门诊运动康复组(n=12):患者在我院分别住院或门诊进行运动锻炼为核心的心脏康复。根据心肺运动试验(CPET)制定个体化运动处方。功率车运动强度为无氧阈以上Δ50%功率负荷,30 min/d,每周5 d,共12周。治疗前、后分别评估患者CPET指标、超声心动图指标、6 min步行距离(6MWD)、生活质量(QoL)评分等。结果:所有CHF患者安全无并发症完成症状限制性CPET,运动康复组患者安全完成全程12周运动康复。组间比较显示,治疗前,3组患者CPET指标、超声心动图指标、6MWD和QoL均无明显差异(P0.05)。治疗后,住院和门诊运动康复组患者无氧阈(ml/min,ml/(min·kg),%pred)、峰值摄氧量(ml/min,ml/(min·kg),%pred)、峰值氧脉搏(ml/beat)、峰值功率(W,%pred)、左心室射血分数、6MWD较对照组升高(P0.05),QoL评分较对照组降低(P0.05);门诊运动康复组和住院运动康复组之间比较,CPET指标、超声心动图指标、6MWD和QoL评分等均无明显差异(P0.05)。治疗前后比较显示,对照组患者治疗后上述指标与治疗前比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后住院运动康复组和门诊运动康复组患者无氧阈(ml/min,ml/(min·kg))、峰值摄氧量(ml/min,ml/(min·kg),%pred)、峰值氧脉搏(ml/beat,%pred)、峰值功率(W/min、%pred)、左心室射血分数和6MWD均较治疗前升高(P0.05),QoL评分较治疗前降低(P0.05)。结论:门诊运动康复可显著改善CHF患者心肺功能、运动耐力和生活质量,与住院运动康复效果无明显差异。门诊康复作为心脏康复一种有效的治疗模式,值得大力推广。     

变压器噪声暴露对豚鼠应激、肝肾及免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨短时间内变压器噪声暴露对豚鼠应激、肝肾及免疫功能的影响。方法:取32只健康成年(5-6月龄)豚鼠随机分为实验组和对照组,每组16只。实验组给予录制的变压器噪声(声压级范围40.8-55 d B SPL,频谱范围150-2000 Hz)连续暴露28天,10小时/天(晚10点到早上8点),对照组在相同条件下饲养,无噪声暴露。噪声暴露结束后,对实验豚鼠的应激、肝肾及免疫功能进行定量评估比较。结果:噪声暴露28天后实验组豚鼠的应激状态指标(ACTH、血清皮质醇)与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),主要肝肾功能指标与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),免疫相关指标(Ig G、Ig A、Ig E、IL-1、IL-2)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:声压级范围为40.8-55 d B SPL、频谱范围为150~2000 Hz的变压器噪声连续暴露28天(10小时/天)对成年豚鼠应激、肝肾及免疫功能无明显影响。     

成年Beagle犬生物学指标及心电图检测值统计分析

目的 测定正常Beagle犬生理指标,比较不同性别间各参数的差异,以建立健康成年Beagle犬相关生理学参数的基础正常值.方法 根据国家(成都)中药安全性评价中心制定的标准操作规程(SOP)并参照国内外相关资料,对200只4～8月龄Beagle犬的心电图、血压、呼吸、血液学及血液生化等指标进行检测.结果 200只犬均为窦性心律,雌性犬心率较雄性快(P<0.01);血液学指标中RBC、Hb及HCT值雌性均低于雄性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);血生化指标中雌性犬高于雄性的是BUN(P<0.05);雌性犬低于雄性的是TP、ALB、GLU、TC及K+的含量(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 在本实验室条件下,雌雄Beagle犬之间部分指标有统计学差异,本结果可为Beagle犬的实验提供正常值参考.     

经胸超声心动图引导下行房间隔缺损封堵术治疗先天性房间隔缺损的临床研究

目的:探讨经胸超声心动图引导下行房间隔缺损封堵术治疗先天性房间隔缺损(Atrial septal defect,ASD)的临床疗效。方法:比较先天性ASD患者行超声心动图组(49例)或介入组(53例),患者的疗效及心脏功能的变化。结果:超声心动图组并发症发生率显著低于介入组(P0.05);术后4周,两组患者的心率、舒张期室间隔厚度(Interventricular septal thickness,IVST)、左室后壁厚度(Left ventricular posterior wall thickness,LVPWT)、左心室心肌重量(Left ventricular mass,LVM)和左心室心肌重量指数(Left ventricular mass index,LVMI)明显降低(P0.05),左心室射血分数(Left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)和左心室高峰充盈率(Left ventricular peak filling rate,LVPFR)均显著升高(P0.05),其余指标则无明显变化(P0.05);但术后1周超声心动图组的LVEF、IVST和LVMI即显著高于术前(P0.05)。结论:胸超声心动图引导下行ASD封堵术与X线介入封堵术疗效相当,但前者可能对ASD患者的心脏功能的改善更为显著。     

正常猕猴与树鼩神经系统和免疫系统组织中大麻素与阿片受体的表达

为应用猕猴和树鼩动物模型研究毒品成瘾对神经/免疫系统的影响提供基础数据,对大麻素及阿片受体在正常猕猴和树鼩神经系统和免疫系统的表达进行初步确定.采集正常猕猴和树鼩新鲜组织(皮质、小脑、脑干、海马、脊髓、脾脏),应用半定量逆转录PCR和实时定量PCR的方法检测大麻素与阿片受体mRNA在猕猴和树鼩各组织中的表达情况.猕猴脑部各区包括脾脏均表达大麻索受体1(CNR1),而大麻素受体2(CNR2)只表达于脾脏内.三类阿片受体中,mu(μ)受体表达最为广泛,在以上各组织中均有表达;delta(δ)受体表达的组织最少,只在海马表达;kappa(κ)受体表达介于两者之间,分别在皮质、小脑、脑干、脊髓中表达.在树鼩组织中,CNR1和CNR2表达于整个大脑重要脑区中,且CNR1表达量高于同一区域内CNR2表达的鼍:脾脏中CNR2的表达较高,而CNR1不表达.三类阿片受体只有检测到μ受体在脑部与脾脏表达,且在各个脑区的表达量明显高于脾脏的表达量;δ体和κ受体在被检各个组织中均无表达.总体而言,两种大麻素受体在猕猴和树鼩体内表达情况与人类和鼠的情况类似,而三类阿片受体在猕猴体内表达情况与人类吏为接近.猕猴和树鼩可能可用于人类毒品成瘾的研究;猕猴在某些神经受体的表达更接近人类,其在研究毒品成瘾的机理和对免疫系统的影响方面仍有不可替代的地位.     

成年太行山猕猴(Macaca mulatta tcheliensis)肩关节变量的研究

本项研究对成年太行山猕猴肩关节变量进行了测量和统计,作了异速生长分析,并对太行山猕猴(M.mulatta tcheliensis)、滇南猕猴(M.mulatta mulatta)、川西猕猴(M.mulatta lasiotis)、湘鄂猕猴(M.mulatta littoralis)肩关节变量进行了比较和聚类分析。与上述3个亚种相比,太行山猕猴较短的肩胛骨、较小的锁肱指数、较大的三角肌止点指数和较小的摆荡指数,表明太行山猕猴肩关节形态结构更适应于地面上的活动,说明其在地面上活动较多,在树上活动较少。     

Technique for culturing Macaca mulatta peripheral blood lymphocytes for fluorescence in situ hybridization of whole chromosome paints

The rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) has long been an important model in biomedical and behavioral research. The biomedical importance of M. mulatta is due to its 93% genetic similarity with humans and its complex social behavior. The recent sequencing of the M. mulatta genome has enhanced its role in biological research. However, the use of the macaque as an experimental model in cytogenetic assays has been problematic due to difficulties in obtaining large numbers of well-spread cells in metaphase without the use of extremely toxic mitogens such as staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA). Here we describe a technique for culturing and producing sufficient numbers of cells in metaphase using the common mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (ConA), and T-cell growth factor (TCGF) which act synergistically to induce M. mulatta T-lymphocyte division. Using this method we have obtained a mitotic index in 48 h cultures of 12.0+/-2.2 metaphase cells/100 cells (n=5 animals). Fluorescence in situ hybridization with whole chromosome painting of M. mulatta cells was performed with human whole-chromosome probes that labeled the following chromosomes for human (M. mulatta): 1(1), 2q(12), 2p(13), 4(5) pairs in red, and 3(2), 5(6) and 6(4) pairs in green. In humans this probe combination simultaneously paints 3 chromosome pairs in red and 3 in green, whereas in M. mulatta 4 chromosome pairs are labeled in red and 3 pairs are labeled in green. Using this method we show a baseline frequency of 0.026 translocations per 100 whole-genome cell equivalents in peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from unexposed adolescent non-human primates. This method will add to the usefulness of M. mulatta as an animal model in biomedical research.     

Real-time measurement of RFR energy distribution in the macaca mulatta head

Temperature increases due to absorption of 1.2 GHz, CW, 70 mW/cm², radio frequency (RF) energy, were measured in 3.3-cm-radius homogeneous muscle-equivalent spheres, M. mulatta cadaver heads (both detached from and attached to the body) and living, anesthetized M. mulatta heads. Temperatures were measured with a Vitek, Model 101 Electrothermia Monitor and temperature distributions were compared to theoretical predictions from a thermal-response model of a simulated cranial structure. The results show that the thermal response model accurately predicts the temperature distribution in muscle-equivalent spheres, the distribution of temperature in detached M. mulatta heads when exposed from the back of the head, and the distribution of temperature in attached M. mulatta cadaver heads for animals oriented with body parallel to the H-field. The temperature distribution in the detached M. mulatta heads varies markedly with exposure orientation, ie, facing forward, backward, or to the side. The orientation of the M. mulatta cadaver body significantly affects the temperature distribution in the head - with H-field orientation showing high, nonuniform values, and E-field orientation showing low, uniform values. In live animals blood flow produces a significant short-term effect on the temperature distribution in the midbrain, but not the cortex. Midbrain temperatures are both significantly higher and lower than the comparable cadaver measurements, depending on location.     

Some aspects of biliary secretion in four species of primates (P. mandrillus, P. papio, E. patas and M. mulatta) (author's transl)]

Effect of several factors on flow and composition of bile of four species of Primates has been studied. Flow of bile widely varied. The smallest flow was found in E. patas and the greatest in P. mandrillus; P. papio and M. mulatta flows were intermediate. Cholic acid concentration in basal bile was small. Electrolites Na+, K+ and C1- were found in concentration close to its plasmatic values. In all four species, interruption of enterohepatic circulation of bile salt, induced a clear decrease in basal flow. Secretin injection (1 U/kg) induced flow increases in P. mandrillus. In M. mulatta and E. patas relationship between logarithm of secretin doses and biliary responses seems to occur. Cholecistokinine-Pancreozimine (2 U/kg) produced in P papio espectacular increases of flow and bile salts concentration with concomitant chloride decreases. Vagal stimulation gave no clear results, although vagal section and use of parasimpathicolitic drugs induced bile flow decreases that show a possible tonic vagal action on extrahepathic biliary tree.     

Characteristics of the menstrual cycle in nonhuman primates. I. Similarities and dissimilarities between Macaca fascicularis and Macaca arctoides.

Comparative studies of reproductive characteristics were carried out on a colony of Macaca fascicularis and M. arctoides. Seasonal differences were not significant between species, and conceptions occurred throughout the year. The occurrence of short cycles ('luteal phase defect') was found in 2.9% of all M. fascicularis cycles and 1.5% of all M. arctoides cycles. Long cycles (40-50 days) were found in 4.0% of all M. fascicularis cycles and 3.5% of all M. arctoides cycles. Gestation lengths averaged 172.4 and 165.3 days, respectively, for M. arctoides and M. fascicularis. Ovulation in M. fascicularis occurred at a day of ovulation/cycle length ratio of 0.48 +/- 0.08 compared with 0.48 +/- 0.09 for M. mulatta data previously published.     

Normal hematological indices, blood chemistry and histology and ultrastructure of pancreatic islets in the wild Indian bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata radiata)

The present study is aimed at determining some haematological and biochemical parameters in the wild Indian bonnet monkeys as also the microscopic and ultrastructural characteristics of their pancreatic islets. Adult wild Indian bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata radiata) of both sexes weighing between 2.5 and 4 kg were used in these experiments. Their platelet, reticulocyte and total leukocyte counts and the blood concentrations of hemoglobin and plasma proteins and the serum concentrations of aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase and calcium are similar to the values reported for M. mulatta. Plasma glucose is lower when compared with reported values of M. mulatta and M. fascicularis. Insulin levels are comparable with those of M. mulatta and M. nigra. Histology of islets is similar to that of humans. Ovoid cell collections of islet cells are scattered throughout the pancreas. Ultrastructure of A, B and D cells is similar to humans. These findings suggest that this relatively underutilized macaques may be a suitable model for biomedical research.     

Plasma amine oxidase activity in 136 normal rhesus monkeys: relationships between enzyme activity and age, sex and genetic factors.

Normative data on plasma amine oxidase activity were obtained for four primate species, M. mulatta, M. arctoides, C. aethiops and H. sapiens. Significant between-species differences in activity were observed. In a large sample of M. mulatta, no significant relationship between age and plasma amine oxidase activity was observed, but adult males had significantly higher enzyme activities than adult females.     

中国和印度猕猴(Macaca mulatta)两个种群颅骨的比较

中国云南中南部和印度的猕猴(Macaca mulatta)两个种群的颅骨形态以及等位基因的比较研究结果表明:两者的面宽、颅的形态大小和等位基因频率均存在较大差异。这些差异也分别存在于印度种群(M.m.mulatta)与西藏亚种(M.m.vestita),川西亚种(M.m.lasiotis),泰国种群和越南种群之间。在20个血蛋白等位基因中,仅约8个是各亚种或种群共有的,代表共同的离征或祖征。因此,云南中南部标本既不是印度指名亚种,也不是泰国的siamica亚种,其亚种名应重新厘定。大陆型分布的猕猴区域性种群之间的遗传异质性大于同质性。上述差异可能是随机遗传漂变的产物。