苦竹内生真菌Phomopsis sp.KY-12化学成份及其海虾致死活性研究

利用柱色谱技术从苦竹内生真菌中分离得到13个化合物,包括九个杜松烷型倍半萜、一个azaphilone类化合物和三个甾体类化合物,经波谱鉴定为为3,12-dihydroxycalamenene(1),3,9,12-trihydroxycalamenene(2),indicumolide C(3),agripilol C(4),2,15-tihydroxycalamenene(5),dysodensiol D(6),bombamalones D(7),8-formyl-7-hydroxyl-5-isopropyl-2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone(8),strobilol A(9),Pyrenocine J(10),3β,5α-Dihydroxy-6β-methoxyergosta-7,22-dien(11),麦角甾醇(12)和麦角甾醇过氧化物(13)。其中,化合物3-9为首次从该属真菌中分离得到。化合物1~8显示中等程度的细胞毒活性,化合物9显示显著的细胞毒活性。     

赤芝子实体的化学成分研究(Ⅱ)

采用硅胶及凝胶柱色谱方法从赤芝(Ganoderma lucidum(Leyss.ex Fr.)Karst.)子实体的乙醇提取物中分离得到10个化合物,通过波谱数据及理化性质分别鉴定为赤芝萜醇A(lucidumol A,1)、麦角甾醇(ergosterol,2)、麦角甾醇棕榈酸酯(ergosteryl palmitate,3)、棕榈酸(palmitic acid,4)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,5)、硬脂酸(stearic acid,6)、油酸(oleic acid,7)、α-羟基-24-烷酸(α-hydroxytetracosanoic acid,8)、2-羟基-二十四烷酸乙酯(2-hydroxytetracosanoic ethyl ester,9)以及2-羟基-二十四烷酸甲酯(2-hydroxytetracosanoic methyl ester,10)。其中,化合物9~10首次从该属植物中分离得到,4~8首次从该植物中分离得到。     

西澳粘滑菇的化学成分研究

利用各种常规色谱分离技术从西澳粘滑菇(Hebeloma westraliense)发酵液中分离得到5个化合物,经波谱学分析鉴定为Volemolide(1)、过氧化麦角甾醇(2)、对羟基苯甲酸(3),对甲氧基苯乙酸(4)和对羟基苯乙醇(5)。其中化合物1是一个七降麦角甾醇类物质,系首次从丝膜菌科真菌中分离得到。     

鲍氏层孔菌子实体的化学成分研究

采用硅胶和Sephadex LH20柱层析方法,从鲍氏层孔菌子实体提取物中分离得到8个化合物。运用NMR和MS等波谱法分析和鉴定为7(8),22(23)-二烯-3-酮-麦角甾烷、4,6,8(14),22(23)-四烯-3-酮-麦角甾烷、麦角甾醇、过氧化麦角甾醇、三十烷酸对羟基苯乙酯、4-(3,4-二羟苯基)-3-丁烯-2-酮、hispolon、hispidin。     

地衣内生菌Myxotrichum sp.的代谢产物的研究

采用硅胶柱色谱,重结晶,高效液相色谱等分离方法从地衣内生菌Myxotrichum sp.的发酵液中共分离得到10个化合物,根据理化性质和波谱数据分别鉴定为:麦角甾醇(1),(3β,5α,8α,22E,24R)-5,8-epidioxy-ergosta-6,9(11),22-trien-3-ol(2),麦角甾醇过氧化物(3),7-羟基-2,5-二甲基色原酮(4),7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihy droxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-benzopyran-6-one(5),7-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxypropyl)-5-methylchromone(6),Anhydroful vic acid(7),柠檬霉素(8),2,3二羟柠檬菌素(9),柠檬菌素(10)。化合物4~10的体外抑制人白血病细胞K562实验表明,该七种化合物均表现非常弱的细胞毒活性。     

石灰菌代谢产物的化学研究(Ⅰ)

从石灰菌(Lactarius hysginus Fr.)提取物的中性部分,分离得到六个化合物,经物理常数和光谱分析,鉴定为麦角甾醇(A)、硬脂酸甲脂(B)、N-苯基-2-萘胺(C)、24E-麦角甾7,22-二烯-6-酮一3β,5α-二醇(D)、庚酰胺(E)、24E-麦角甾-7.22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(F),其中化合物D作为天然产物尚未见文献报道。     

厚叶算盘子的化学成分研究(Ⅱ)

从厚叶算盘子(Glochidion hirsutum)的乙醇提取物中,用硅胶和凝胶柱层析分离得到8个化合物,通过波谱学方法鉴定为bergenin(1),isovitexin(2),isovitexin 7-O-xyloside(3),decoumaroylibotanolide(4),n-butyl-α-D-fructofuranoside(5),n-butyl-β-D-fructofuranoside(6),4-O-ethylgallic acid(7),3-O-methylgallic acid(8)。以上化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

椭圆嗜蓝孢孔菌中四种甾类化合物的抗肿瘤活性及构效关系分析

采用硅胶色谱法、重结晶法从椭圆嗜蓝孢孔菌Fomitiporia ellipsoidea子实体的石油醚提取物中分离得到4个甾类化合物,单体化合物通过与已知标准品比对确定化合物结构,分别为麦角甾醇(麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇)、麦角甾醇过氧化物(5α,8α-过氧麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇)、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇-棕榈酸酯和麦角甾-4,6,8(14),22(23)-四烯-3-酮。采用MTT法检测甾类化合物对人肿瘤细胞的抑制活性。采用H22裸鼠移植模型法评价甾类化合物的体内抗肿瘤活性。结果表明:在细胞毒实验中,麦角甾醇和麦角甾醇过氧化物对人肝癌细胞株Hep G2、人乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7、人宫颈癌细胞株Hela和人肺癌细胞株A549均有较好的抑制活性,麦角甾醇效果最佳,在浓度为50·g/m L时抑制率分别达到82.89%、74.33%、50.03%和69.33%,IC_(50)值分别为20.61·g/m L、37.18·g/m L、49.89·g/m L和38.74·g/m L,对Hep G2的抑制能力优于其他细胞系。在体内实验中,麦角甾醇和麦角甾-4,6,8(14),22(23)-四烯-3-酮在剂量为50mg/kg/d时抑瘤率分别为60.75%和63.21%,并且麦角甾醇组瘤鼠的脾指数有显著增加。构效关系分析认为甾核的C-3位被羟基或羰基取代后,化合物的抗肿瘤活性较显著。     

球药隔重楼的化学成分研究(英文)

采用硅胶柱层析、大孔吸附树脂、ODS柱层析、Sephadex LH-20和RP-C18柱层析等技术中分离得到8个化合物。通过波谱学数据和已知化合物数据比较,分别鉴定为β-谷甾醇(1),β-蜕皮激素(2),Paris SaponinsⅤ(3),Paris SaponinsⅠ(4),Paris SaponinsⅡ(5),Paris SaponinsⅦ(6),Paris Saponins H(7)和Paris SaponinsⅥ(8)。化合物1～8均为首次从球药隔重楼中分离得到。     

广东土牛膝的化学成分(英文)

广东土牛膝为菊科泽兰属植物华泽兰(Eupatorium chinense)的干燥根。从其甲醇提取物中共分离得到11个化合物,其中eupatorinA(1)为一新化合物,经波谱学方法鉴定为(threo)-3-O-acetyl-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3-hydroxy-1-(E)-propenyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]propyl-β-D-glucopy-ranoside。已知化合物分别鉴定为(threo)-3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3-hydroxy-1-(E)-propenyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenox-y]-propyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(2),ardisiacrispinA(3),ardisiac-rispinB(4),euparone(5),3-(2,3-dihydroxy-isopen-tyl)-4-hydroxyacetophenone(6),12,13-di-hydroxy-euparin(7),gymnastone(8),N-(2′-hydroxy-tetracosanosyl)-2-amino-1,3,4-trihydroxy-octa-dec-8-(E)-ene(9),stigmasterol(10)和stigmasterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(11)。化合物2-4为首次从菊科植物,5-8为首次从泽兰属植物中分离得到。     

Biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid in Azospirillum brasilense. Insights from quantum chemistry.

Quantum chemical methods AM1 and PM3 and chromatographic methods were used to qualitatively characterize pathways of bacterial production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The standard free energy changes (delta G(o)'sum) for the synthesis of tryptophan (Trp) from chorismic acid via anthranilic acid and indole were calculated, as were those for several possible pathways for the synthesis of IAA from Trp, namely via indole-3-acetamide (IAM), indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPyA), and indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN). The delta G(o)'sum for Trp synthesis from chorismic acid was -402 (-434) kJ.mol-1 (values in parentheses were calculated by PM3). The delta G(o)'sum for IAA synthesis from Trp were -565 (-548) kJ.mol-1 for the IAN pathway, -481 (-506) kJ.mol-1 for the IAM pathway, and -289 (-306) kJ.mol-1 for the IPyA pathway. By HPLC analysis, the possibility was assessed that indole, anthranilic acid, and Trp might be utilized as precursors for IAA synthesis by Azospirillum brasilense strain Sp 245. The results indicate that there is a high motive force for Trp synthesis from chorismic acid and for IAA synthesis from Trp, and make it unlikely that anthranilic acid and indole act as the precursors to IAA in a Trp-independent pathway.     

假地枫皮中二萜酸类化合物研究

从八角属植物假地枫皮的石油醚提取物中分离出5个二萜酸类化合物,经波谱数据分析(^1H NMR、^13C NMR、^1H-^1H COSY、NOESY、HSQC和HMBC),分别鉴定为4-epi-dehydroabietic acid(1)、4-epi-sandaraeopinaric acid(2)、4-epi-abietic acid(3)、4-epi-isopimaric acid(4)和8,11,13,15-abietatetraen-19-oic acid(4)。     

Radical-scavenging activities of new hydroxylated ursane triterpenes from cv. Annurca apples

Two new ursolic acid triterpene derivatives, compounds 2 and 3, have been isolated from cv. Annurca apple fruit, a high-quality apple variety widely cultivated in southern Italy, together with the known 2-oxopomolic acid (1). The new compounds were identified by means of different spectroscopic techniques as 3-epi-2-oxopomolic acid (= (3alpha)-3,19-dihydroxy-2-oxours-12-en-28-oic acid; 2) and (1alpha)-1-hydroxy-3-oxours-12-en-28-oic acid (3). Compounds 1-3 were tested for their radical-scavenging activities with the aid of a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay (Fig. 2). All three constituents showed activities similar to that of the reference antioxidant alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E).     

广东冬青中的三萜及三萜皂甙成分

从广东冬青（Ｉｌｅｘ ｋｗａｎｇｔｕｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ）的叶中分离得到四个三萜皂甙和三个三萜成分,通过光谱解析及化学方法,三个三萜成分分别鉴定为齐墩果酸（１）、熊果酸（２）和常春藤皂甙元（３）;四个三萜皂甙成分分别鉴定为齐墩果酸３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖基－（１→３）－α－Ｌ－吡喃阿拉伯糖甙（４）、齐墩果酸３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖基－（１→２）－α－Ｌ－吡喃阿拉伯糖甙（５）、齐墩果酸３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－     

On the metabolism of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids by ram seminal vesicles: isolation of 5(6)epoxy-prostaglandin F1 alpha

cis-5(6)Epoxy- and cis-14(15)epoxyeicosatrienoic acid are formed from arachidonic acid by monooxygenases. 5(6)Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid is metabolized by fatty acid cyclooxygenase of ram seminal vesicles and the major products were recently identified as 5(6)epoxy-PGE1 and two stereoisomers of 5-hydroxy-PGI1. The two isomers were likely formed from an unstable intermediate, 5(6)epoxy-PGF1 alpha. The isolation of 5(6)epoxy-PGF1 alpha is described here and 14(15)epoxyeicosatrienoic acid is shown to inhibit fatty acid cyclooxygenase of ram seminal vesicles, albeit less potently than eicosatetraynoic acid (IC50 0.18 and 0.05 mM, respectively).     

Effect of glutamate on arachidonic acid production from Mortierella alpina

AIMS: To evaluate the effect of glutamate on arachidonic acid production from Mortierella alpina. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cell growth, arachidonic acid production, proportions of poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PuFAs) in fatty acids and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity were analysed when glutamate concentration was 0.8 g l(-1). Biomass and arachidonic acid production were higher in the culture containing glutamate than those in the control culture, and both reached their maximum of 25 g l(-1) and 1.4 g l(-1) after 7 d, respectively. The proportions of some PuFAs, oleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid were decreased while linoleic acid and arachidonic acid were enhanced by glutamate addition. Glutamate addition enhanced G6PDH activity compared with the control during the whole culture process. CONCLUSIONS: Addition of 0.8 g l(-1) glutamate was beneficial to enhance arachidonic acid production from Mortierella alpina, which was a result of activating the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study shows that the addition of glutamate and regulation of PPP had a positive influence on arachidonic acid synthesis in Mortierella species.     

Aldose-reductase- and protein-glycation-inhibitory principles from the whole plant of Duchesnea chrysantha

Ellagic acid (1), 3,3'-di-O-methylellagic acid (2), 3,3',4-tri-O-methylellagic acid (3), isovitexin (4), kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucuronide methyl ester (5), quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-galactopyranoside (6), ursolic acid, pomolic acid, tormentic acid, euscaphic acid, euscaphic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and maslinic acid were isolated from the AcOEt- and BuOH-soluble MeOH extract of Duchesnea chrysantha (whole plant). The isolates were subjected to in vitro bioassays to evaluate their inhibitory activity on rat-lens aldose reductase (RLAR) and formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The ellagic acids and flavonoids, compounds 1-6, exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on RLAR. However, compounds 1 and 4-6 showed excellent inhibitory activities towards the formation of AGEs. This is the first report that 4 and 6 exhibit inhibitory activity towards AR and AGEs formation.     

Studies on the Chemical Constituents of the Leaves of WTBX]Pseudotaxus chienii (Cheng) Cheng

Fourteen compounds were isolated from the leaves of Pseudotaxus chienii (Cheng) Cheng which is uniquely indigenous to China, and their structures were identified mainly by spectrum analyses. Among them, 13 known compounds were determined as: 2-guaiacylpropane-1, 3-diol (1), vanillic acid (2), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy cinnamic acid (3). 3. 5-dimethoxy-phenol (4), taxicatin (5), 5-oxymaltol (6), quercetin-3-rhamnoside (7), (±)-catechin (8), ecdysterone (9), β-sitosterol (10), D-glucose (11), (±)-10-nonacosanol (12) and octacosanoic acid (13). All these compounds butβ-sitosterol were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1 and 6 have never been reported in plant kingdom. Another compound was tentatively established as a new compound, named pseudotaxlactone (14).     

蛇足石杉内生真菌无柄盘菌Pezicula sp. JR14中抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶的次级代谢产物分离

采用形态学及ITS-rDNA序列分析法,对具有抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的蛇足石杉内生菌株JR14进行鉴定,确定为无柄盘菌Pezicula sp.。开展了乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性化合物的分离,从Pezicula sp. JR14乙酸乙酯提取物中分离到4个化合物,利用核磁共振及质谱技术将其鉴定为behenic acid (1)、himeic acid B (2)、secalonic acid A (3)和palmitic acid (4)。采用改进的Ellman比色法对分离的化合物进行活性检测,结果表明,himeic acid B (2)具有较强的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性,其IC₅₀为205μg/mL（0.64mmol/L）。     

蓝桉果实中的五环三萜化学成分

从蓝桉果实乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位分离得到7个五环三萜化合物,经理化和波谱分析鉴定为3β-乙酰基-乌索-11,12-烯-28,13β内酯(1)、桦木酮酸(2)、白桦脂酸(3)、2α-羟基白桦脂酸(4)、2α,3β-二羟基乌苏-12-烯-28-酸(5)、熊果酸(6)、3β-羟基-乌索-11,12-烯-28,13β内酯(7),其中化合物1,4,5和7系首次从该植物中分离得到。