甜荞胰蛋白酶抑制剂cDNA片段的克隆及序列特征

采用盐析、凝胶过滤和离子交换层析等方法从甜荞中纯化出荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂(buckwheat trypsm inhibitor,BTI),经活性鉴定该抑制剂属丝氨酸类蛋白酶抑制剂家族。为了获得BTI的基因序列,并弄清其在体内的表达调控机制,应用RTPCR和3’-RACE等方法,直接体外扩增该抑制剂基因,首次获得总长为361bp的DNA片段(GenBank登录号为AY335158),并命名为BTI-W1。该片段包括一个183bp的开放阅读框,编码61个氨基酸。由该基因推导的氨基酸序列与已报道的荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂BTI-2的氨基酸序列的同源性达100％。BTI-WI基因的获得,对于深入开展荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂结构与功能关系的研究具有重要意义,也为荞麦植物资源的开发利用建立了前期研究基础。     

重组荞麦蛋白酶抑制剂aBTI的表达及其对肝癌HepG2细胞增殖的影响

为了深入研究不同类型荞麦蛋白酶抑制剂在抑制肿瘤细胞生长及诱导其发生凋亡方面的作用,本实验在先前得到的重组荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂(rBTI)的基础上,运用定点突变技术将rBTI的活性位点进行替换,构建一种新型蛋白酶抑制剂aBTI。通过在大肠杆菌M15[pREP4]中表达,获得以可溶形式存在的aBTI目的蛋白。经Ni~(2+)-NTA亲和层析及superdex 75分子筛层析纯化,目的蛋白的纯度达到95%以上。抑制活性测定表明,aBTI具有专一性的弹性蛋白酶抑制活性,抑制常数K_i为3.34×10~(-7)mol/L。MTT比色法检测及细胞核形态学观察显示,aBTI在体外能够显著抑制HepG2肿瘤细胞的增殖(IC_(50):1.88μmol/L),并诱导其凋亡,具有较好的抗肿瘤效应。     

东亚三角涡虫胰蛋白酶Djtry的表达和酶活分析

通过对东亚三角涡虫胰蛋白酶Djtry氨基酸序列比对分析, 发现保守的催化三联体结构中第一位的His被Lys所取代。为了探究这种突变是否会对胰蛋白酶的活性有影响, 文章构建了原核表达重组质粒pET-28a- Djtry, 转化到E.coli BL21中, 利用IPTG诱导表达, 对表达的重组蛋白进行变性、复性、纯化以及Western blotting鉴定, 获得成分均一的活性蛋白。利用牛胰蛋白酶为标准品, 胰蛋白酶特异性底物BAEE, 检测Djtry酶活力与比活力。SDS-PAGE电泳表明诱导表达的融合蛋白为包涵体, 分子量约为26 kDa, Western blotting结果显示为目的蛋白, 对复性纯化的目的蛋白进行酶活检测发现, 突变型胰蛋白酶Djtry仍然保持了胰蛋白酶催化性质, 但是催化活性相对较弱。     

东亚三角涡虫胰蛋白酶Djtry的表达和酶活分析

通过对东亚三角涡虫胰蛋白酶Djtry氨基酸序列比对分析,发现保守的催化三联体结构中第一位的His被Lys所取代。为了探究这种突变是否会对胰蛋白酶的活性有影响,文章构建了原核表达重组质粒pET-28a-Djtry,转化到E.coli BL21中,利用IPTG诱导表达,对表达的重组蛋白进行变性、复性、纯化以及Westernblotting鉴定,获得成分均一的活性蛋白。利用牛胰蛋白酶为标准品,胰蛋白酶特异性底物BAEE,检测Djtry酶活力与比活力。SDS-PAGE电泳表明诱导表达的融合蛋白为包涵体,分子量约为26 kDa,Western blotting结果显示为目的蛋白,对复性纯化的目的蛋白进行酶活检测发现,突变型胰蛋白酶Djtry仍然保持了胰蛋白酶催化性质,但是催化活性相对较弱。     

决明胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因的克隆及其原核表达载体构建

[目的]克隆决明胰蛋白酶抑制剂全长cDNA序列,并构建原核表达载体。[方法]从决明种子中提取胰蛋白酶抑制剂总RNA,通过RT-PCR得到胰蛋白酶抑制剂cDNA,纯化后与PMD19-T载体连接,转化至大肠杆菌DH5α,获得了决明胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因的全长序列,并将该序列克隆到原核表达载体pET-28a(+)中,构建重组质粒pET-28a(+)/COTI。[结果]决明胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因核苷酸长度为630bp,编码一条长度为209个氨基酸的多肽。决明胰蛋白酶抑制剂与不同植物来源的Kunitz蛋白酶抑制剂有高度的同源性,表明其属于Kunitz蛋白酶抑制剂家族成员。所获重组质粒pET-28a(+)/COTI经过双酶切鉴定,其含有目的片段,且重组质粒构建正确。[结论]克隆了决明胰蛋白酶抑制剂的全长cDNA序列,并成功构建了含有该基因的原核表达载体,这为该基因的进一步表达及功能鉴定奠定了基础。     

刺桐胰蛋白酶抑制剂亲和填料的制备及纯化瑞替普酶

刺桐属胰蛋白酶抑制剂(ETI)是一种丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂,能特异性的抑制胰蛋白酶、组织纤溶酶原激活剂(tPA)、瑞替普酶(rPA)等丝氨酸蛋白酶。实验利用ETI工程菌,经诱导表达、体外复性及纯化获得ETI蛋白,并将该蛋白键合到CNBr活化的琼脂糖凝胶,制备ETI亲和填料,纯化瑞替普酶 。     

重组刺桐胰蛋白酶抑制剂a在大肠杆菌中的表达和纯化

为了大量制备重组刺桐胰蛋白酶抑制剂a(rETIa) ,对构建的基因工程菌株E .coliBL2 1(DE3)pET2 2b mETIa进行了表达条件的优化 .用摇瓶培养 ,rETIa蛋白占菌体总蛋白 4 0 %以上 .经破碎菌体 洗涤包涵体 溶解包涵体 复性初步纯化后 ,再经二步柱层析纯化获得电泳纯的rETIa蛋白 .测定了rETIa对胰蛋白酶、胰凝乳蛋白酶、组织型纤溶酶原激活因子缺失突变体 (NTA)的抑制活性 .     

响应面法优化荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂固定化条件

目的:以大肠杆菌表达的重组荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂为原材料,研究其固定化方法及条件。方法:以0.2%聚乙烯醇-3%海藻酸钠溶液为载体,CaCl2为固定剂,用物理包埋法对荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂进行固定化;在CaCl2浓度、载体与抑制剂体积比以及固定化时间3个单因素基础上,利用响应面法对荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂固定化的影响因素进行优化。结果:建立了响应面法优化固定荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂的模型,经优化后得到如下最佳固定化条件:CaCl2浓度为5.5%,载体与抑制剂体积比为1.6∶1,固定化时间为31min。在此条件下实际测得固定化抑制剂抑制率为72.4%,而模型预测此条件下的抑制率为74.3%,实测值与理论值相差很小。结论:所建模型拟合程度较高,用该模型优化荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂固定化的工艺条件参数准确可信,可为进一步开发胰蛋白酶的应用提供重要参考。     

抗PAI抑制作用的纤溶酶原激活剂突变体的活性研究

目的:重组表达抗PAI抑制作用的t-PA突变体,经诱导表达、复性、纯化后进行生物学活性和酶动力学分析。方法:构建pBV220-tpa重组表达质粒,经DNA测序确认后,转化至大肠杆菌DH5a,温控诱导表达,凝胶过滤法对包涵体蛋白进行初步纯化,复性后,过刺桐胰蛋白酶亲和层析柱纯化,酶动力学分析其活性。结果:测序证实,t-PA突变体的DNA序列正确,表达蛋白占总菌体蛋白的30%,经纯化后纯度达90%以上,比活性为7.0×108IU/mg,t-PA突变体与PAI-1反应后,其活性未受到抑制。t-PA突变体酶的米氏常数Km为0.5298,最大水解速度Vmax为0.0595。结论:经生物学活性测定,表达蛋白能够明显抵抗PAI的抑制作用,并具有良好的生物活性,该突变体有可能成为用量更少、疗效更佳的新型溶栓药物。     

重组苦荞麦过敏蛋白TBa的原核表达及其免疫活性鉴定

TBa ［tartary buckwheat allergen］是苦荞麦中的一种主要过敏蛋白.根据长度为585 bp 的TBacDNA序列,以pET-28a为表达载体并选择合适的酶切位点合成上、下游引物,采用基因克隆技术构建重组表达载体pET-28a-TBa.进一步将重组质粒转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3) 中进行表达.从而获得以包涵体形式存在的TBa目的蛋白.该目的蛋白经Ni ²⁺ -NTA琼脂糖柱亲和纯化及SDS-PAGE分析显示, 纯度达到95% 以上.用透析复性的方法将目的蛋白重折叠,其复性产率可达到约68%.Western印迹证实,目的蛋白N端带有6个组氨酸标签.ELISA检测表明,通过基因重组及表达获得的重组苦荞麦过敏蛋白,与天然苦荞种子中的该蛋白具有相似的免疫学活性,与荞麦过敏病人血清中的IgE有特异性的结合.     

BTI基因转染诱导EC9706细胞凋亡及G_1阻滞

为了研究荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂(buckwheat trypsin inhibitor,BTI)对肿瘤细胞凋亡与细胞周期的影响,构建增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)与BTI融合蛋白真核表达质粒.将BTI基因成功克隆至pEGFP-N1中转染食管癌EC9706细胞后,激光共聚焦显微镜镜检显示,BTI-EGFP获得良好表达.表达的融合蛋白大部分分布于细胞核,在细胞质中有少量分布.Western印迹检测可见约27kD和36 kD的特异性条带.流式细胞术分析结果显示,BTI能够诱导EC9706细胞发生凋亡,并使细胞停滞于G0/G1期.     

截短型rBTI的表达、纯化及其对EC9706细胞生长的抑制作用

依据先前获得的重组荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂（rBTI）氨基酸序列及三维分子构像,分别构建了rBTI C末端缺失VVM、TPVVM或VDTPVVM的截短型pExsecI BTI t1,pExsecI BTI t2和pExsecI BTI t3重组质粒.转入大肠杆菌BL21中进行表达,并通过Resource Q阴离子交换层析分离.实验结果显示,3个工程菌均以可溶方式表达,目的蛋白在SDS PAGE图谱中显示单一条带,其纯度达98％以上. 理化性质分析表明,截短型rBTI与野生型rBTI具有相似的胰蛋白酶抑制活性,并具有很好的热稳定性及酸碱稳定性. 将野生型和截短型rBTI分别作用于人食管癌EC9706细胞.MTT检测发现,C末端截短不同数目的氨基酸后,与野生型rBTI相比,在相同浓度下截短型rBTI仍具有一定的抑制肿瘤细胞生长作用,其抑制作用范围是截短前的50%左右. 这些结果提示, rBTI的 C末端氨基酸残基缺失未引起活性区域或功能部位的较大改变,从而保留了其对胰蛋白酶的抑制作用和部分生物学功能.     

Expression of a buckwheat trypsin inhibitor gene in Escherichia coli and its effect on multiple myeloma IM-9 cell proliferation

The gene of buckwheat trypsin inhibitor （BTI） has been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The yield of this recombinant inhibitor was over 12 mg/L by using one-step purification on a Ni^2＋-NTA Sepharose column. Its molecular weight was 9322.1 Da, determined by mass spectrum analysis. The MTT and cytometry analyses showed that recombinant BTI could specifically inhibit the proliferation of IM-9 human B lymphoblastoid ceils （from patient with multiple myeloma） in a dose-dependent manner. The test of recombinant BTI-induced apoptosis in IM-9 ceils implied that the inhibitor might have potential application in the treatment of cancer.     

Potato I型蛋白酶抑制剂 rBTI及其突变体的表达、纯化和活性研究

荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂(BTI)属于丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂Potato I家族,典型构象中有1段暴露在分子外侧的结合区,该区内P1′、P2、P6′与P8′位的氨基酸残基具有高度保守性.本文依据近期解析的rBTI晶体结构以及rBTI与胰蛋白酶复合物晶体结构信息,对rBTI 中的P2和P8′位氨基酸进行突变,构建了pExSecI- Bti-P44T 和 pExSecI-Bti-W53R 重组质粒,转入大肠杆菌 BL21（DE3）中进行表达,通过Resource Q阴离子交换层析和Superdex G 75 HR 10/300凝胶柱进行分离纯化后,测定了rBTI及其突变体对胰蛋白酶的抑制常数,以及它们对HepG2 细胞内的蛋白酶体和细胞增殖的抑制作用. 实验结果显示,rBTI 的44和53位分别突变为 Thr和Arg后,Ki 分别为2.91×10-9mol/L和2.97 ×10-7mol /L,前者较rBTI（Ki = 3.56×10-8 mol/L）降低1个数量级,而后者较rBTI升高1个数量 级.功能分析显示,rBTI及2种突变体对HepG2细胞内的蛋白酶体基本没有抑制作 用,但是它们都保留了对HepG2细胞增殖的抑制活性.这些结果揭示,作为一种特异的胰蛋白酶抑制剂,rBTI分子中的保守区域氨基酸残基虽然对胰蛋白酶的抑制作用有显著影响,但并不影响其抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖,仍能发挥其原有的生物学功能.     

Cloning and characterization of a novel trypsin inhibitor (BTIomega1) gene from Fagopyrum esculentum.

Based on the amino acid information of trypsin inhibitor of buckwheat (Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench), degenerated primers were designed and a full-length cDNA sequence named BTIomega1 (Buckwheat Trypsin Inhibitor) was amplified from the leaves RNA by using RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) methods. Sequence analysis shows that the 392 bp cDNA contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 216 bp, encoding 72 amino acids residues. The deduced amino acid sequence exhibits 96 and 93% homology with BWI-1 and BTI-2, a natural trypsin inhibitor from buckwheat seeds. Southern blotting suggested that three copies of BTIomega1 gene existed in the buckwheat genome. Moreover, a predicted secondary structure and 3D-structural model was constructed by homology modeling. To our knowledge, this is the first all-round report of the gene BTIomega1. The novel BTIomega1 gene has been submitted to the GeneBank under Accession No. DQ289792.     

Isolation, expression and characterization of a novel dual serine protease inhibitor, OH-TCI, from king cobra venom

Snake venom Kunitz/BPTI members are good tools for understanding of structure-functional relationship between serine proteases and their inhibitors. A novel dual Kunitz/BPTI serine proteinase inhibitor named OH-TCI (trypsin- and chymotrypsin-dual inhibitor from Ophiophagus hannah) was isolated from king cobra venom by three chromatographic steps of gel filtration, trypsin affinity and reverse phase HPLC. OH-TCI is composed of 58 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 6339Da. Successful expression of OH-TCI was performed as the maltose-binding fusion protein in E. coli DH5alpha. Much different from Oh11-1, the purified native and recombinant OH-TCI both had strong inhibitory activities against trypsin and chymotrypsin although the sequence identity (74.1%) between them is very high. The inhibitor constants (K(i)) of recombinant OH-TCI were 3.91 x 10(-7) and 8.46 x10(-8)M for trypsin and chymotrypsin, respectively. To our knowledge, it was the first report of Kunitz/BPTI serine proteinase inhibitor from snake venom that had equivalent trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitory activities.     

Expression,purification, and characterization of human enteropeptidase catalytic subunit in Escherichia coli

Enteropeptidase (synonym:enterokinase, EC 3.4.21.9) is a heterodimeric serine protease of the intestinal brush border that activates trypsinogen by highly specific cleavage of the trypsinogen activation peptide following the sequence (Asp)(4)-Lys. The DNA sequence encoding the light chain (catalytic subunit) of human enteropeptidase (GenBank Accession No. U09860) was synthesized from 26 oligonucleotides by polymerase chain reaction and cloned into plasmid pET-32a downstream to the gene of fusion partner thioredoxin immediately after the DNA sequence encoding enteropeptidase recognition site. The fusion protein thioredoxin/human enteropeptidase light chain was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) strain in both soluble and insoluble forms. The soluble recombinant fusion protein failed to undergo autocatalytic cleavage and activation; however, autocatalytic cleavage and activation of recombinant human enteropeptidase light chain (L-HEP) were achieved by solubilization and renaturation of the fusion protein from inclusion bodies and the active L-HEP was purified on agarose-linked soybean trypsin inhibitor. The purified L-HEP cleaved the synthetic peptide substrate Gly-Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp-Lys-beta-naphthylamide with kinetic parameters K(m)=0.16 mM and k(cat)=115 s(-1) and small ester Z-Lys-SBzl with K(m)=140 microM, k(cat)=133 s(-1). L-HEP associated with soybean trypsin inhibitor slowly and small ester Z-Lys-SBzl cleavage was inhibited with K(i)(*)=2.3 nM. L-HEP digested thioredoxin/human epidermal growth factor fusion protein five times faster than equal activity units of bovine recombinant light chain (EKMax, Invitrogen) at the same conditions.     

荞麦rBTI-2的表达及其对肿瘤细胞的生长抑制作用

设计一种适合基因工程开发的无标签重组荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂rBTI-2,并研究其对肿瘤细胞的生长抑制作用。构建原核表达载体pExSecI-BTI-2,诱导表达获得可溶性目的蛋白,经Resource~(TM) Q纯化后作用于HL-7702、HepG2、EC9706和QBC-939细胞,MTT检测rBTI-2对其生长的影响,并与前期获得的几种融合蛋白酶抑制剂进行功能比对。结果表明:质粒pEXSecI-BTI-2构建成功,SDS-PAGE分析表明分子量约为7.8 kDa。MTT检测表明rBTI-2对几种肿瘤细胞的生长有明显的抑制作用,而对正常细胞HL-7702作用很小。几种蛋白酶抑制剂对肿瘤细胞的生长均有不同程度的影响,其中rBTI-2对肿瘤细胞的生长抑制作用要大于融合蛋白酶抑制剂rBTI,这为深入研究BTI诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的分子机制及其应用开发提供了重要基础和研究依据。     

Conformational changes of rBTI from buckwheat upon binding to trypsin: implications for the role of the P(8)' residue in the potato inhibitor I family

BWI-1 (buckwheat trypsin inhibitor), a member of the potato inhibitor I family, suppresses the growth of T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells and induces apoptosis in human solid tumor cell lines. Here, we report the crystal structure of rBTI (recombinant buckwheat trypsin inhibitor), a recombinant protein of BWI-1, at 1.84 ? resolution and the structure of rBTI in complex with bovine trypsin at 2.26 ? resolution. A conformational change of Trp53 at the P(8)' position in rBTI was observed upon its binding to trypsin, which is not seen in other members of the potato inhibitor I family reported previously. The role of the P(8)' residue in the potato inhibitor I family was examined by measuring the association and dissociation rates of four rBTI mutants with different substitutions at the P(2) and P(8)' positions when binding to trypsin. One of the mutants, P44T, was found to be a much stronger inhibitor than wild-type rBTI, with a picomolar (pM) dissociation constant. Our results could provide valuable insights for designing a new rBTI-based antitumor drug in the future.     

Genomic and cDNA cloning, characterization of Delonix regia trypsin inhibitor (DrTI) gene, and expression of DrTI in Escherichia coli

Degenerate primers were designed based on all possible sequences of the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of Delonix regia trypsin inhibitor (DrTI). Five hundred sixty-one bp of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product was amplified using the above degenerate primers and genomic DNA and cDNA of Delonix regia as a template. The amplified PCR products were cloned and sequenced. DNA sequence analysis of cDNA and genomic clones of DrTI have the same nucleotide sequence in the coding region, and manifested a genomic clone without intervening sequences in the coding region. The amino acid sequence deduced from the DrTI genomic and cDNA clones agreed with that identified via amino acid sequencing analysis, except that two amino acid residues, Ser and Lys, existed between residues Lys141 and Ser142. DrTI open reading frame was then amplified and cloned in-frame with GST in pGEX4T-1 and overexpressed in Escherichia coli to yield a glutathione S-transferase (GST)-fusion protein with a calculated molecular mass of about 45 kDa. The recombinant DrTI (reDrTI) was derived by treating the GST-DrTI fusion protein with thrombin. Both the reDrTI and GST-DrTI fusion protein exhibited a strong identical inhibitory effect on trypsin activity.