浙江雪胆几种金属元素分布及其与土壤养分之间的关系

对浙江雪胆各器官主要金属元素分布及其与土壤养分之间的关系进行了研究,结果表明,1)浙江雪胆原生土壤中Fe元素的含量最高,其次是K元素,Mn和Zn含量较低;2)植物的各器官中,均以K元素含量最高,其次是Ca和Mg,微量元素Fe、Mn和Zn含量均相对较低;3)Fe、Mn和Zn 3种微量元素均以根中含量为最高,Mg和Ca元素均以块茎中较高,K则以叶中最高;4)同一器官元素分布均呈正相关,而不同器官之间的元素分布整体上呈负相关;5)根中Mg、K和Ca均与土壤元素含量整体上呈负相关,块茎中元素均与土壤元素含量均呈正相关,叶中除Fe元素外,其他元素均与土壤元素含量均呈负相关;6)各器官大量元素的富集系数较高。     

珍稀濒危植物矮牡丹体内矿质元素的研究

采用原子吸收分光光度法测定了矮牡丹体内的10种矿质元素,即K、Mg、Mn、Fe、Ni、Zn、Cu、Cd、Cr、Pb。分析了矿质元素在矮牡丹体内的分布规律及矮牡丹对各种元素的富集能力。结果表明:在不同器官中的矿质元素含量有显著差异, K、Mg、Mn、Ni、Cd、Cr、Pb以叶中为高, Fe、Zn、Cu分别以根、茎、叶柄中含量最高;大多数元素在叶柄中含量最低。矮牡丹对K、Mg、Mn、Fe、Zn有较强的吸收富集能力,一般叶的富集系数较其它器官为高。元素间相关分析表明:Zn、Cd、Cr、Pb、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu之间有显著的相关性, K、Mg之间的相关性显著。此外,土壤与植物体内元素含量表现出显著的相关性。     

鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林植物和土壤微量元素含量

报道了鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林各层次植物和表层土壤(0～20 cm)四个微量元素(Cu、Fe、Mn和 Zn)的含量和分配格局。结果表明:(1)土壤有效Cu、Fe、Mn和Zn含量(mg／kg)平均值依次为0．72、140．85、 1．42和1．92;(2)所有植物叶片Cu、Fe、Mn和Zn元素含量(mg／kg)分别介于6．1～100．6、6．5～1027．5、46．3 ～1196．7和27．0～338．6,其中乔木层植物叶片微量元素含量(mg／kg)平均值表现为Mn(305．3)>Fe (259．3)>Zn(109．9)>Cu(19．3),而其它植物表现为Fe(586．4)>Mn(336．9)>Zn(141．4)>Cu(36．6);(3) 植物微量元素在各器官的分配格局随元素和植物所在的层次不同而异:乔木层植物Cu含量高低排序为干> 根>枝>叶>皮,Fe为根>皮>叶>枝>干;Mn为叶>皮>枝>根>干;Zn为叶>根>枝>皮>干;(4)在 群落垂直结构上,Fe元素含量表现为自上而下递增的趋势,而Cu、Mn和Zn含量规律不明显;(5)植物和土壤 的微量元素与微量元素间相关性均较差;(6)与亚热带其它森林相比,鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林土壤Cu、Mn和 Zn含量较低,但乔木层植物因具有很强的吸收或富集能力而含量较高。     

新疆绿洲农田土壤-棉花系统9种矿质元素生物循环特征

在新疆绿洲区,对不同连作棉田土壤中9种矿质元素含量、棉花植株的吸收和富集特性以及棉田养分收支量等进行分析,研究了农田土壤-棉花系统矿质元素的生物循环特征。结果表明:棉田土壤中微量元素和大量元素均有一定程度的贫化趋势,以Mo的耗竭最为严重。棉株不同器官累积矿质元素的能力有明显差异,叶片中Ca、Mg和Mn的含量较高,根、茎中K、Na、Fe、Mo含量较高,棉籽中Zn和Cu含量最高;不同产品器官对矿质元素的吸收和富集能力不同,秸秆为:MoKMgCaCuZnNaMnFe,纤维:MoKMgZnCuCaNaMnFe,棉籽:MoZnKMgCuCaMnNaFe。棉花对Mo的吸收能力最强,长期连作导致土壤中Mo耗竭较为严重;随籽棉的收获,从棉田移出Zn、Cu的比例和数量较高,大量元素中移出Mg、K较多;棉花对Mn、Fe、Ca、Na的吸收量虽然较多,然而大部分富集在秸秆中,随着棉花秸秆的还田作用,将归还于耕作层并有大量富集,消耗量不大。新疆棉花长期单一种植,应重点补充Mo、Zn和Cu微量元素肥料,酌情补充Mg、K等大量元素肥料。棉田Ca、Na含量较新疆土壤背景低,预示着棉田土壤在向着脱盐碱方向发展,然而两元素在秸秆中的比例较高,因此棉花长期连作农田,应注意防止耕作层土壤向次生盐碱化方向发展。     

城市绿化树种香樟不同器官对土壤重金属的富集特征

为了了解不同土壤重金属浓度梯度及污染梯度下香樟不同器官的富集特征,测定了香樟树叶、树枝、树干和根际土壤中6种重金属元素(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Mn、Ni)的含量.结果表明: 香樟地上部分重金属含量因器官、元素种类、根际土壤重金属浓度的不同而存在差异.香樟树叶和树枝重金属含量的大小顺序均为:Mn＞Zn＞Cu＞Cr＞Pb＞Ni,树干重金属含量为:Mn＞Zn＞Cr＞Pb＞Ni＞Cu.树叶对Mn的富集系数较高,为2.409;树干对Ni的富集系数较高,分别为树叶、树枝的8.6和17倍,且在不同土壤重金属浓度梯度下,香樟树干对Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Ni的富集系数均明显高于其他器官.香樟地上部分器官对Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Mn、Ni 6种重金属元素的综合富集能力大小顺序为:树叶＞树干＞树枝.随着土壤重金属污染等级的增加,香樟地上部分各器官的富集系数均逐渐降低.研究区域平均胸径为22 cm的单株香樟对重金属元素富集效能的大小顺序为:树叶＞树干＞树枝,其中树干对Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Ni的积累量均显著高于树叶和树枝.表明香樟对6种重金属元素均有一定的富集能力,并且树干对Pb和Ni的富集效能明显,分别占地上部分总积累量的82.7%和91.9%,能很好地富集并稳固土壤中的Pb和Ni,可作为修复治理土壤重金属污染的备选树种.     

江西瑞昌石灰岩山地淡竹林植物元素分布与吸收特征

为探究石灰岩山地淡竹林植物养分分布与吸收特征,辨析其与群落功能地位的关系,该研究通过测定江西瑞昌石灰岩山地淡竹林建群种淡竹(Phyllostachys glauca),伴生种胡颓子(Elaeagnus pungens)、油茶(Camellia oleifera)和枸骨(Ilex cornuta)不同器官9种元素含量,对比分析了元素分布与吸收特征。结果表明:(1)淡竹各器官大量元素(N、P、K、Ca、Mg)分布规律为叶根茎,微量元素(Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu)分布规律为根叶茎;其叶中N [(18.82±1.16) g·kg-1]、P [(1.17±0.19) g·kg-1]、Fe [(1.01±0.09) g·kg-1]元素含量高;各器官的元素生物吸收系数大小顺序与元素含量一致。(2)伴生种植物大量元素分布与生物吸收系数顺序均为叶茎根。微量元素在器官的分布顺序因物种而异,油茶叶的Mn含量最高,为(1.88±0.18) g·kg-1,而Ca、Mg、Zn元素在枸骨茎中富集最多。(3)群落上层植物淡竹和光照条件较好的胡颓子各元素含量及分配规律相近,而林下植物油茶和枸骨元素含量与之相比相差较大。研究认为,淡竹林建群种和伴生种在元素分布和吸收特征的差异与群落光照条件密切相关。     

Cr~(6 )污染对菱叶中矿质元素含量的影响

研究 Cr6 污染后菱浮水叶和沉水叶中 Cr、K、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Mo元素的含量 ,结果显示 :Cr含量随培养浓度的上升而上升 ,K、Mg随培养浓度的上升而下降 ,Fe含量随培养浓度的上升而出现先上升后下降 ,Mn、Zn、Cu、Mo与 Cr6 的培养浓度无明显的相关关系。     

100种常用中药必需微量元素的含量测定

本文采用等离子体发射光谱法测定了100种临床常用中药中必需微量元素:Mg、P、Ca、Fe、Mn、Zn、Co、Cu、Mo、Cr、Ni的含量。结果表明,Mg、P、Ca、Fe含量均较高,Zn、Mn、Cu次之,Co、Mo、Cr、Ni含量均较低。     

湘潭锰矿废弃地栾树人工林微量元素生物循环

对湘潭锰矿废弃地5年生栾树人工林内微量元素的含量、积累、空间分布和生物循环进行了研究。结果表明：土壤中各微量元素含量顺序为：Fe>Mn>Zn>Pb>Ni>Cu>Co>Cd,均低于对照地,但仍未低于湖南省背景值(Fe除外)。枯枝落叶层中,仅Mn和Co从半分解到已分解阶段向土壤中转移,其他元素在分解过程中都出现了不同程度的富集,各元素在不同阶段含量没有显著差异,在分解过程中,Mn元素含量最高且与Cu、Pb、Co、Ni、Cd均存在数量级差异。栾树各组分元素含量顺序为：叶>枝>细根>皮>粗根>大根>根头>干,各元素总含量顺序为：Mn>Fe>Zn>Pb> Cu>Cd>Ni>Co;林分微量元素总贮量为15.272kg/hm_-2,其中干和枝贮存量最高,占总贮存量的54.204%。各器官微量元素贮存量顺序为：枝>干>叶>皮>根头>大根>粗根>细根;林分微量元素吸收量为5.200kg/hm₂.a,存留量为2.504kg/hm₂.a,归还量2.751kg/hm₂.a,总利用系数为2.394,循环系数为3.138,周转期为11.203a。栾树对Mn的吸收能力最强,Fe、Ni的返还系数要高于吸收系数,所有元素的分解系数都高于返还系数。Fe、Mn的迁移系数要高于分解系数,Mn、Zn、Pb、Cd的富集系数要高于其他元素。     

蛇岛蝮蛇的微量元素研究

经 ICP-AES 测定,在蛇岛蝮蛇体内含有 Zn、Cu,Fe、Mn、Mo、Cr、Co、Se、V、Sn、Si、Li、Te.Al、As,Ge 和 Pb 等多种微量元素,但各器官之间存在显著差异.Zn 几乎存在于蛇体内的所有组织,而且含量极为丰富.蛇体内的 Cr、Sn、Te、Al 含量较高,但 Cu、Mn、Mo.V 等含量甚微.胆汁,血清具有高 Te、Cr、Pb、As,Li、低 Fe、Zn 的特点,而肝、脾、血液不仅 Fe 贮量丰富,且 Sn 含量也高.     

Studies on the Characteristic of Element Contents in the Dominant Plant Species of the Three gorges Region in China

The characteristics of the contents of 20 elements (Al, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, K, S, Si, P, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ti, Ni, Sr, Mo, Na, B, Cr, V) in 16 plant species collected from the Three Gorges Region in China were investigated. The average contents of Ca, K and Mg were higher than 1 000 μg·g-1, that of Al, P, Si, Fe, S and Mn ranged between 100—1 000 μg·g-1 and Ti, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, Cd and V were less than 10 μg·g- 1. The level of Na content was less than that of the reported. The main character of the element contents was of the Ca> K type. The contents of P, S, Ca and K in different plant samples showed a normal distribution pattern, while Al and Mn showed a elements lognormal distribution pattern. Plant species differed greatly in the element contents. On analyzing the coefficient of variation (C. V., % ), Al, Mn, Mg, Ni, Sr and Fe had higher C.V., while the C.V. of K, S, P, Cr, Cd and Cu was less than 60%, and Cu had the lowest C.V. The correlations between Al and Fe, Al and Ti, Al and Cr, A1 and V, Cd and Sr, Cd and Mo, Fe and V, Zn and Cr, Ni and Sr, Mg and Ni, Mo and Sr, Ca and Sr, Cr and Mo, Na and Mg, Na and P, P and S were statistically significant in different plant species. The classification of the 16 plant species and 20 dements by two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) method may suggest the difference in dement contents of the different plant species.     

Elemental Profile of Propolis from Different Areas of Serbia

Propolis is a resinous natural substance collected by honeybees from different plant sources. The element content of propolis is influenced by the content of elements in the soil, climatic factors, and the degree of pollution. The aim of the study was to characterize element composition and content of toxic elements in 51 propolis collected from different locations in Serbia and to evaluate the differences among them. Determination of the 21 elements were performed using Inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry. K was the most abundant element, followed by Ca, Mg, Si, Fe, Zn, and Al. The microelements B, Ba, Mn, Na, Pb, and Ti were also present in propolis, while Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Sr, and V were found in trace. Toxic elements such as Pb, As, and Cd were found in the trace. Kruskal-Wallis tests differentiate groups of samples by geographical origin. The presence of B, Fe, Sr, Ti, Zn, and As demonstrated statistical significance between six regions of Serbia.     

Evaluation of Essential and Toxic Trace Elements in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX), an age-related disorder of the eye, is associated with significant ophthalmic morbidity and can lead to pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG). The etiology of this disorder has not been clearly understood. Trace elements have been suggested to have roles in the pathogenesis of several disorders. This study aimed to determine whether trace element levels have a role in the development of PEX and/or PEG. Levels of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), arsenic (As), aluminum (Al), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and strontium (Sr) were determined in serum samples of 32 cases of PEX, 30 cases of PEG, and 32 control subjects using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. Mn, Mo, and Hg concentrations were found to be significantly increased in patients with PEX. Logistic regression revealed Mn and Hg as the strongest determinants of PEX and Mo as the strongest determinant of PEG in the studied Turkish subjects. Levels of Mn, Cr, Co, Mo, Al, Hg, Sr, Ni, V, and As were determined for the first time in these ophthalmological disorders. Increased levels of serum Mn, Mo, and Hg suggest a possible role of these elements in the pathobiology of PEX.     

Trace Elements in Fingernails of Healthy Chinese Centenarians

Trace element concentrations in body tissues of healthy centenarians have not been widely analyzed, yet they can be used as reference data leading to improved assessment of the aging process and monitoring of the micronutrient status of this age group. The present study sought to assess trace element concentrations and behaviors in the fingernails of healthy Chinese centenarians. The effects of gender on element concentrations, which also play an important role in determining the lifespan, were also investigated. Trace elements (Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, and Zn) in the fingernails of 78 healthy Chinese centenarians were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The overall reference values obtained in milligram per kilogram are as follows: Ba, 5.10; Cd, 0.031; Co, 0.101; Cr, 0.82; Cu, 3.71; Fe, 154.35; Li, 0.31; Mn, 3.09; Mo, 0.040; Ni, 0.95; Pb, 1.86; Se, 0.44; Sr, 6.20; and Zn, 147.96. Data analysis showed that only Cr and Se concentrations show a normal distribution, and no significant difference between male and female groups was found for any element except Cr. Result also revealed that sufficient Se, Co, and Zn as well as lower or lack of exposure to Cr contribute positively to the lifespan of centenarians. The results suggest that regulating in vivo contents of trace elements, especially Se, Co, and Zn, is reasonable to intervene with geriatric diseases.     

Determination of trace elements in aerosol samples by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis

Two nuclear techniques, Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis (EDXRF) and Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA), were used to analyze aerosol samples collected in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Na, Cl, Mn, V, Al, Sm, Mo, W, La, As, Br, Sb, K, Ba, Se, Th, Cr, Rb, Ca, Fe, Ce, and Sc were determined by INAA, and Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Hg, and Pb were determined by EDXRF. A preliminary identification of the main source of the atmospheric aerosol was performed based on enrichment factor and correlation coefficient calculations.

     

Trace element composition of Ural licorice Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (Fabaceae Family)

The trace element composition of the subsurface (roots and rhizomes), overground (leaves and stems), and reproductive (bean valves) organs of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. was determined by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence analysis (SRXFA). Concentrations of Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hg, Pb, Bi, Th, and U were measured. The data obtained were used to estimate the distribution of some elements in samples of various organs of licorice. Glycyrrhiza uralensis is an accumulator of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Co.     

Mineral content in the wild onion species and their nutritive value

The accumulation of 11 microelements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cd, Sr, Cr, and Se) by 7 wild onion species of the genus Allium was studied. A. flavescens Bess possesses the higher accumulating capability; it accumulates five of eleven microelements (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Se) with biological accumulation coefficient (BAC) exceeding 1 and also contains high levels of Fe, Co, and Mn. These features enable this species to be the most promising for the nutrition adjustment of human commons with above-mentioned microelements primarily with Cr, which content in 100 g onion leaves achieves 84% of commons. A. fistulosum L., A. odorum L., and broad-leaved A. nutans form specifically accumulate Cu, Zn, and Se. A. montanum Schmidt is characterized by the accumulation of Zn. A. angulosum and A. schoenoprasum are xharacterized by the accumulation of Se. The broad-leaved forms of A. schoenoprasum L., A. nutans L., and A. odorum L. compared with their narrow-leaved forms accumulate more amounts of Zn and Cu.     

Influence of the coat color on the trace elemental status measured by particle-induced x-ray emission in horse hair

The influence of hair color on the trace elemental status in horse's hair has been studied. A current analytical technique such as particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) used in this study has provided reliable, rapid, easy, and relatively inexpensive diagnostic methods. Twenty-eight elements (Al, Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Ga, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Se, Si, Sr, Ti, V, Y, and Zn) in mane hair were detected by the PIXE method. The gray hair contains significantly greter amounts of Cu, Ti, and Zn, and lower amounts of Br, Ca, Se, and Sr than those in other colored horse hairs (p<0.05). Those results measured in the horse's hair were similar to those found in human and dog hair. When interpreting a result, it should be kept in mind that hair color, especially gray hair, influences the concentrations of some elements in horse hair.     

Effects of pruning on the concentration of trace elements in Colophospermum mopane leaves

Despite the nutritional value of Colophospermum mopane to browser's diets, there is still insufficient knowledge on the effect of browsers on concentrations of these trace elements. A field experiment was conducted in Musina Nature Reserve, Limpopo Province, South Africa, to determine the effect of pruning on the concentration of trace elements in mopane leaves. Samples were analysed for iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), boron (B), molybdenum (Mo), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), fluoride (F) and selenium (Se) using the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry technique. The effect of pruning was tested using the two‐tailed t‐test: two‐sample assuming equal variance and two‐tailed Mann–Whitney U‐test. Results showed that the concentration of trace elements in the control and pruned trees varies slightly through the year. Fe, Mn, Mo, Cu, Zn and Se are higher during leaf flush, but declined as the leaves matured and aged. This study concluded that simulated browsing had no significant effect on the concentration of trace elements in the mopane leaves. Seasonal variation in the amount of trace elements has implications on the distribution of browsers in the mopane woodland.     

Mineral Composition of Cultured Ginseng Cells

The contents of macroelements and microelements in ginseng roots and callus cultures was determined by atom absorption spectroscopy. Ginseng cells and tissues were shown to accumulate considerable amounts of microelements. The content of six of the eleven mineral components studied (K, Ca, Na, Mo, Mn, and Cr) in callus cultures was higher than that in roots of agricultural ginseng plants. We revealed good correlations between the contents of microelements (K, Ca, and Mg), as well as between the concentrations of macroelements (Mo, Li, Cu, and Cr), in ginseng cultures. The ability to accumulate elements varied between ginseng species, which was probably related to their genetic features. Our findings indicate that cultured ginseng cells hold much promise as a source of microelements.