树脂载体固定S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶的研究

目的:筛选一种适合S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶固定化的树脂载体,进行固定化工艺优化及固定化酶性质研究。方法:以固定化率和表观酶活回收率为指标,筛选固定化效果最佳的一种树脂,采用单因素实验对固定化条件进行优化。结果:阴离子交换树脂载体ESR-2表现出最优的固定化率(94.03%)和酶活回收率(47.45%);最佳固定化条件为加酶量4U/g、pH 8.0、15℃吸附10h,最佳条件下固定化酶表观酶活为2.1U/g,表观酶活回收率达51.6%。固定化酶的最适pH为8.5,最适温度为35℃,连续反应10批次后酶活剩余77.92%。结论:树脂载体ESR-2固定化S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶酶活及稳定性较好,能够用于S-腺苷甲硫氨酸的工业化大规模生产。     

β-呋喃果糖苷酶的固定化及其在低聚乳果糖合成中的应用

【目的】探索适宜的树脂作为载体固定β-呋喃果糖苷酶,并研究该固定化酶催化合成低聚乳果糖。【方法】选择9种大孔吸附树脂和碱性离子交换树脂固定β-呋喃果糖苷酶,筛选固定化效果较好的树脂作为载体。用聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)修饰得到PEI-树脂,采用吸附法将酶固定于PEI-树脂上,并对固定化条件进行优化。考察固定化酶的重复使用稳定性及其催化合成低聚乳果糖的能力。【结果】通过筛选发现大孔阴离子交换树脂D311固定化效果较好,经过PEI修饰后,D311固定化效果显著提高。用PEI修饰的载体PEI-D311固定果糖苷酶,最优固定化条件为:PEI浓度2%,加酶量103 U/g,吸附温度25°C,吸附p H 6.0-8.0,吸附时间8 h。最优条件下固定化酶活达57 U/g,酶活回收率达55.3%。用固定化酶催化水解1 mol/L蔗糖,重复利用15批载体酶活没有明显降低。用固定化酶催化合成低聚乳果糖,8 h内低聚乳果糖产量最高达到137 g/L。【结论】PEI-D311固定的果糖苷酶具有较好的重复使用稳定性及较高的低聚乳果糖合成能力,这为固定化酶法生产低聚乳果糖研究奠定了基础。     

D-泛解酸内酯水解酶的固定化及酶学性质

为有效提高D-泛解酸内酯水解酶的利用效率,笔者选择合适的载体对酶进行固定化,在优化固定化条件的同时研究固定化酶的最佳反应条件和酶学性质。结果表明,选择的最佳固定化载体为树脂D380,最佳固定化条件为:酶的吸附添加量为30 U(以1 g湿树脂计),吸附pH 7.0,吸附温度30℃,吸附时间5 h,戊二醛体积分数0.1%,交联时间1 h。在最优条件下得到的固定化酶的比酶活为(11.5±0.12) U/g。固定化酶的最适反应温度为37℃,最适反应pH为7.5。游离酶和固定化酶的动力学常数K_m分别为170.25和207.60 mmol/L。Ca~(2+)对酶促反应有激活作用,Mn~(2+)对该酶有较强的抑制作用。     

大孔树脂固定化脂肪酶及在微水相中催化合成生物柴油的研究

以不同大孔树脂吸附法固定化假丝酵母99_125脂肪酶,在微水有机相中的应用表明非极性树脂NKA是最佳的固定化载体。分别以正庚烷及磷酸盐缓冲液作为固定化介质,发现在正庚烷介质中树脂NKA的固定化效率能够达到98.98%,与采用磷酸盐缓冲液作为介质相比,固定化酶的水解活力和表观酶活回收率分别提高了4.07和3.43倍。考察了在微水相中固定化酶催化合成生物柴油的催化性能,结果表明,在给酶量为1.92∶1(初始酶粉与树脂的质量比),pH值为7.4,体系水含量为15%(水与油的质量比),反应温度为40℃条件下,固定化酶具有最佳的催化能力;以正庚烷为介质固定化脂肪酶催化合成生物柴油,采用三次流加甲醇的方式,单批转化率最高达到97.3%,连续反应19批以后转化率仍保持为70.2%。     

D301树脂固定化假丝酵母脂肪酶

本研究选择7种吸附和离子交换树脂进行了假丝酵母脂肪酶(Candida sp.lipase)的固定化试验,通过测定固定化后各脂肪酶的酶活,筛选出固定化效果较好的弱碱性阴离子交换树脂D301;并通过扫描电镜将D301与脂肪酶Novozym 435的表面形貌做比较,进一步选定D301树脂作为载体,并对其采用戊二醛交联固定化,研究并优化了其固定化条件。结果表明,5%戊二醛溶液的加入量为8mL,处理时间为5h,酶液浓度为1.0g/L,磷酸缓冲盐溶液pH6.0,固定化处理10h效果最好,获得的固定化酶活力可达35U/mg,酶的固定化效率约为3.5U/(mg·h)。     

Immobilization of D-lactonohydrolase by adsorption-crosslinking method

选择6种吸附树脂和离子交换树脂对D-泛解酸内酯水解酶进行固定化,筛选出了固定化效果较好的大孔弱碱性丙烯酸系阴离子交换树脂D-380为载体,用先吸附后交联的方法固定化.通过实验对固定化条件进行了优化,得出最佳的固定化条件为:加酶量6 U/g树脂、吸附pH7.5、吸附时间4h、吸附温度30℃、交联剂戊二醛终浓度0.1％、交联时间2h.实验表明在此条件下制得的固定化酶有很好的稳定性:固定化酶在连续20次的底物水解反应后,剩余酶活达到71％.当温度达到80℃时游离酶几乎失去酶活,而固定化酶剩余酶活为60％以上.游离酶的pH稳定性范围为pH7～8,而固定化酶为pH 6.5～8.5.     

树脂固定化β-半乳糖苷酶制备低聚半乳糖

以树脂为载体研究β-半乳糖苷酶固定化条件,来改善酶性质。以吸附率和回收率最高的离子交换树脂I002为载体,通过先吸附后交联的方法固定β-半乳糖苷酶,优化固定化条件。结果表明:加酶量为51.8 U(以1 g树脂计),固定p H为6.5,温度是25℃,吸附时间12 h,戊二醛体积分数为4%,交联温度是40℃,时间是6 h时,固定化效果最好。获得的固定化酶活可达16.2 U,固定酶回收率为39.1%,得到低聚半乳糖(GOS)的产率为24.2%。该研究为工业化利用固定化乳糖酶连续生产低聚半乳糖提供了技术依据。     

不同载体固定化胰蛋白酶酶学特性的研究

目的:研究以壳聚糖、复合硅胶、阴离子交换树脂为载体固定化胰蛋白酶的酶学特性。方法:通过测定不同载体固定化胰蛋白酶的活力得其最适反应温度值、最适反应pH值和米氏常数(Km)值。结果:以壳聚糖、复合硅胶、阴离子交换树脂为载体制备固定化胰蛋白酶的最适反应温度分别为70℃、60℃、60℃;最适反应pH值分别为7.5、8.0、8.0;表观米氏常数K’m分别为22.72mg/ml、25.12mg/ml、29.04mg/ml。结论:与游离酶相比,固定化胰蛋白酶均表现出一定的热稳定性、酸碱稳定性,利于工业化生产。     

环氧基高分子磁性复合微球固定化木瓜蛋白酶的研究

研究以甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯(GMA)为单体,二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EDMA)为交联剂,聚乙烯醇(PVA)为分散剂,在Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子存在的条件下,合成了交联度为25%的磁性高分子复合微球(GMAE-DMA).并以这种微球为载体,进行了对木瓜蛋白酶的固定化研究.探讨了最佳的固定化条件如下:温度为25℃,反应时间20h,pH值为8.5,给酶量为160mg/g.同时以酪蛋白为底物,研究了固定化酶的酶学性质,结果表明:固定化酶对不同pH值环境的耐受力、热稳定性和操作稳定性都有较大幅度的提高.实验证明这种高分子磁性复合微球是一种优良的固定化酶载体.     

吸附-交联法固定D-泛解酸内酯水解酶的研究

选择6种吸附树脂和离子交换树脂对D-泛解酸内酯水解酶进行固定化,筛选出了固定化效果较好的大孔弱碱性丙烯酸系阴离子交换树脂D-380为载体,用先吸附后交联的方法固定化。通过实验对固定化条件进行了优化,得出最佳的固定化条件为：加酶量6U／g树脂、吸附pH7．5、吸附时间4h、吸附温度30℃、交联剂戊二醛终浓度0．1％、交联时间2h。实验表明在此条件下制得的固定化酶有很好的稳定性：固定化酶在连续20次的底物水解反应后,剩余酶活达到71％。当温度达到80℃时游离酶几乎失去酶活,而固定化酶剩余酶活为60％以上。游离酶的pH稳定性范围为pH7～8,而固定化酶为pH6．5～8．5。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.