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免疫突触(immunological synapse,IS)是抗原提呈细胞与T细胞免疫识别时,多种分子参与、分阶段不断变化的过程,涉及黏附分子、细胞因子、信号传导分子、细胞骨架蛋白等多分子的聚集或离散.其形成不仅促进T细胞和抗原提呈细胞的稳定接触,而且激活T细胞信号传导途径,促进T细胞的活化和增殖.对IS的研究可以从分子水平解释免疫激活、免疫耐受、病原微生物感染与免疫细胞相互作用的机制,为进一步揭示疾病发生的分子机制,寻求疾病防治的靶向分子提供新的思路.近年来,光学成像的发展为可视化研究IS形成与T细胞活化的关系提供了有力帮助,为研究生理病理状态下的免疫应答提供了有力工具. 相似文献
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《生物化学与生物物理进展》2017,(12)
免疫突触(immunological synapse,IS)是抗原提呈细胞与T细胞免疫识别时,多种分子参与、分阶段不断变化的过程,涉及黏附分子、细胞因子、信号传导分子、细胞骨架蛋白等多分子的聚集或离散.其形成不仅促进T细胞和抗原提呈细胞的稳定接触,而且激活T细胞信号传导途径,促进T细胞的活化和增殖.对IS的研究可以从分子水平解释免疫激活、免疫耐受、病原微生物感染与免疫细胞相互作用的机制,为进一步揭示疾病发生的分子机制,寻求疾病防治的靶向分子提供新的思路.近年来,光学成像的发展为可视化研究IS形成与T细胞活化的关系提供了有力帮助,为研究生理病理状态下的免疫应答提供了有力工具. 相似文献
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高亲和力抗体的产生是依赖于B细胞从抗原呈递细胞表面提取抗原的能力。B细胞首先与抗原呈递细胞(APC)相结合,其膜上的B细胞受体(BCR)与APC膜上的抗原结合形成免疫突触。随后B细胞从APC的膜上获取了抗原,并对其进行加工,呈递给辅助性T细胞。然而,B细胞是如何从抗原呈递细胞膜上获取抗原的,其机制目前尚不清楚。研究人员利用具有流 相似文献
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CD4+T细胞免疫识别的一种新理解 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
获得性免疫具有抗原特异性,但同时T细胞识别却有混杂性和NHC制约等现象,这提示T细胞对抗原肽-MHC分子复合物(pMHC)识别中可能存在不同模式。本文提出了CD4 T细胞有两种特异性识别活化基础单位(具有不同的生理学意义)的模型,一种为纯TCR模式(TCR model),对pMHC(尤其是抗原肽)高特异性识别;另一种为复合受体模式(TCR-CD4 model),对MHC-Ⅱ分子特异性要求很高(NHC制约),但有可以不同亲合度结合抗原肽的混杂性;它们在免疫应答中以不同组合形式出现,可形成细胞水平区分“自我”与“非我”的效应。由此可更合理、简化地理解各种有关免疫现象以及淋巴免疫系统的起源。 相似文献
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集聚蛋白是一种细胞外基质蛋白其编码基因全长8kb左右,蛋白质分子量为200-600kD。先后发现于电鳐,大鼠,鸡,小鼠及人等机体内,在海马,神经肌接头,雪旺氏细胞,心肌,肾脏等组织均有表达,其在神经突触中的主要作用为引起神经突触后膜的AchR发生集聚和膜结构的稳定,促进神经突触的发育和形成,近来Rupp等人发现集聚蛋白亦在免疫系统中表达,活化T细胞产生的集聚蛋白对T细胞突触的形成,TCR,CD28,CD3等免疫分子和脂筏的集聚起着重要的作用并能明显降低特异性抗原的刺激域值。 相似文献
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记忆性T细胞的形成、维持和功能 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
免疫记忆是指机体在对某一抗原产生特异性识别及应答的同时,记住该抗原,当再次遭遇同一抗原时,能发生快速和强烈的免疫应答。树突状细胞吞噬病原微生物后,通过主要组织相容性复合体分子提呈抗原短肽段,与T细胞相互作用。在T细胞抗原受体信号和共刺激信号的协同作用下,抗原特异性T细胞增殖,收缩,小部分细胞作为记忆细胞长期存活。免疫记忆T细胞在表型特征和功能上都存在多样性。深入研究机体记忆性T细胞的特征,不仅能指导新型疫苗的设计,而且可望帮助治疗疾病。 相似文献
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人类外周血单核细胞(HPMφ)是重要的抗原提呈细胞(APC)。APC在行使抗原提呈功能时,以其膜Ia抗原的表达为先决条件之一;但最强有力的APC是树突状细胞(DC)。部分HPMφ在一定条件下也可衍变为类似DC样的细胞。只有既是HLA—DR~+又是HLA—DQ~+的HPMφ才具有抗原提呈能力。人类Ia分子在抗原提呈中的作用是保护外来抗原,有利于T细胞的识别和激活,继而发生增殖反应。 相似文献
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In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980. 相似文献
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Birefringence of flow of preparations of myosin 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
BINKLEY F 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1948,175(1):385-390
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A sensitive method for the detection of small quantities of hydrophobic antioxidant free radical scavengers such as butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA) in aqueous samples is described. The procedure involves extraction of the hydrophobic free radical scavenger into an organic solvent phase, followed by the subsequent reaction of an aliquot of this extract with the stable cation radical tris(p-bromophenyl)amminium hexachloroantimonate (TBACA). In experiments with BHT and BHA, the loss of TBACA absorbance at 730 nm was found to be linearly proportional to the amount of antioxidant added, with quantities of BHT as small as 200 pmol being easily detectable. In aqueous suspensions of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles, assays of the aqueous BHT concentration showed that BHT partitioned strongly into the membrane phase, achieving very high BHT/phospholipid ratios. For a given concentration of BHT, partitioning into the membrane phase was greater in large, multilamellar liposomes than in either small, single-walled vesicles or in purified rat brain synaptic vesicle membranes. Direct assay of BHT and BHA in phospholipid membranes, however, was complicated by a nonspecific interaction between TBACA and the phospholipid. 相似文献