50mL-管摇床培养暨24孔板法筛选麦角菌突变株

麦角菌原生质体用０．３ｍｇ／ｍＬ亚硝基胍（ＮＴＧ）分别处理２０,４０,６０和８０ｍｉｎ。随机挑取ＮＴＧ处理后的原生质体再生单菌落共８０个,分别接种到５０ｍＬ离心管（内装１０ｍＬ液体培养基）中,在２４℃、２２０ｒ／ｍｉｎ摇床上培养１２ｄ。在紫外灯（２５４ｕｍ）下选出４６株荧光相对较强的培养物在２４孔板上作Ｖａｎ Ｕｒｋ蓝色反应分析。挑选９株呈深蓝色反应的菌株作ＨＰＬＣ分析,其结果与２４孔板法有明显的相关性。在麦角隐亭产率上,Ｎｏ．４５最佳（来自ＮＴＧ ８０ｍｉｎ剂量组）,Ｎｏ．１８、 Ｎｏ．２６次之（来自Ｎ     

碱性脂肪酶产生菌扩展青霉W—1382的诱变育种

以扩展青毒（Ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｕｍｅｘｐａｎｓｕｍ）Ｓ－１４作为出发菌株,分别比较ＵＶ、Ｃｏ６０－γ射线、ＮＴＧ单因子的诱变效应和以ＮＴＧ、Ｃｏ６０－γ射线、ＵＶ＋ＮＴＧ作为诱变剂及自然分离在内四代的诱变育种。单因子诱变剂最适剂量分别为ＵＶ１５０ｓ,Ｃｏ６０－γ射线４８０００ｒａｄ,ＮＴＧ３００μｇ／ｍｌ８０ｍｉｎ,比较诱变效果表明：ＮＴＧ最佳,Ｃｏ６０－γ射线次之,ＵＶ较差;连续三代诱变各代诱变剂及剂量分别为ＮＴＧ３００μｇ／ｍｌ１００ｍｉｎ,Ｃｏ６０－γ射线２００００ｒａｄ,ＵＶ３０ｓ＋ＮＴＧ１５０μｇ／ｍｌ,４０ｍｉｎ。复合处理比单因子处理效果好。实验中选育成功高产酶变株Ｗ－１３８２,结合自然分离和诱变育种,其酶活力较出发菌株提高了５３．６％。     

水稻与大黍不对称休细胞杂交再生植株

采用ＰＥＧ（聚乙二醇）融合法,诱诱导水稻（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．）原生质体与无融合生殖大黍（Ｐａｎｉｃｕｍ ｍａｘｉｍｕｍ Ｊａｃｑ．）原生质体融合,经过融合体筛选、培养,成功地获得了再生植株并移栽成活。在融合前水稻原生质体经过２．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ碘乙酰胺（ＩＯＡ）在室温（２２－２５℃）条件下处理１５ｍｉｎ,大黍原生质体经过６０Ｋｒ软Ｘ射线照射处理。对获得的２８株融合再生植株进行初步检测发现     

甘蓝型油菜胞质体大量制备技术的研究

用Ｐｅｒｃｏｌｌ密度梯度离心法和吖啶橙（ＡＯ）结合光照处理两种方法,均从甘蓝型油菜下胚轴原生质体制备到胞质体。在２个Ｐｅｒｃｏｌｌ梯度、３００００ｇ（１８０００ｒ／ｍｉｎ）与１２℃离心６０ｍｉｎ的条件下,获得了含胞质体８０％以上的群体;以含８０、１００、１２０ｍｇ／Ｌ ＡＯ的酶液酶解下胚轴原生质体,纯化后分别给以３ｈ、２ｈ、１ｈ光照（光强度：４０００ｌｘ）可使原生质体几乎不能分裂,但保持５ｄ以上的     

石防风原生质体遗传转化及抗除草剂植株的再生

以石防风（Ｐｅｕｃｅｄａｎｕｍｔｅｒｅｂｉｎｔｈａｃｅｕｍ（Ｆｉｓｃｈ．）Ｆｉｓｃｈ．ｅｘＴｕｒｃｚ．）叶柄愈伤组织为材料建立以致密细胞团为主的悬浮培养物,用酶解法获得原生质体。用ＰＥＧ法将拟南芥菜（Ａｒａｂｉｄｏｐｓｉｓｔｈａｌｉａｎａ（Ｌ．）Ｈｅｙｎｈ．）抗除草剂基因导入原生质体后进行液体浅层培养。转化细胞经除草剂ｃｈｌｏｒｓｕｌｆｕｒｏｎ筛选,通过胚状体途径产生抗性小植株。转化处理１０６个原生质体,以加入４０～５０μｇ／ｍＬ质粒ＤＮＡ,ＰＥＧ终浓度为１０％,于１ｍＬ转化介质中,２６℃黑暗下处理２０ｍｉｎ的效果最好。ｃｔＤＮＡ的加入对转化结果无明显影响。分子杂交试验表明,突变的ａｌｓ基因已整合进转化植株的基因组中。转基因植株的细胞在脱分化过程中仍具有抗ｃｈｌｏｒｓｕｌｆｕｒｏｎ的能力;移栽成活的转基因小苗仍表现出抗除草剂特性,而未转化的植株在低浓度除草剂下即逐渐死亡。表明转入的ａｌｓ基因在石防风细胞内能够稳定表达。     

金线莲一促生真菌原生质体制备和再生研究

从药用植物内生真菌中筛选到对植物生长有显著促进作用的粘帚霉属的一种真菌（Ｇｌｉｏｃｌａｄｉｕｍｓｐ.简称Ｙ菌）,以它为出发菌株,进行原生质体制备与再生条件的研究。将培养４８ｈ的Ｙ菌菌丝体经过巯基乙醇处理３０ｍｉｎ,并用１％的纤维素酶和溶壁酶混合液于２８℃酶解３ｈ,原生质体得率可达２．１４Ｘ１０^７个／ｍＬ,在含０.５Ｍ的甘露醇为稳渗剂的再生培养基上,其原生质体的再生率可达３．８６ｘ１０^４。     

碘乙酰胺和若丹明对植物原生质体存活率和植板车的影响

本试验以普通小麦（Ｔａ）、多花黑麦草（Ｌｍ）和多年生黑麦草（Ｌｐ）细胞悬浮系来源的原生质体为材料研究了碘乙酰胺（ＩＯＡ）和若丹明（Ｒ—６Ｇ）对禾本科植物原生质休的失活效果。Ｔａ、Ｌｍ和ＬＰ原生质体经１ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＩＯＡ处理后存活率分另为３４％。１７％和０％,而对照的存活率分别为７８％、６８％和７１％。使Ｔａ和Ｌｍ原生质体全部失活的ＩＯＡ浓度需２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。Ｔａ、Ｌｍ和Ｌｐ原生质体经４０μｇ／ｍｌＲ—６Ｇ处理后的存活率分别为６０％、６％和６３％,而对照的存活率分别为７０％、６１％和８７％。经４０μｇ／ｍｌＲ—６Ｇ处理后,Ｌｍ和ＬＰ原生质体植板率分别为０和１３细胞团／皿而对照的植板率分别为５９８和３９９细胞团／皿。以上结果表明,ＩＯＡ和Ｒ—６Ｇ都是有效的禾本科植物原生质体失活剂。     

PEG法介导转化诸葛菜下胚轴原生质体获得转基因植株

采用诸葛菜无菌苗的下胚轴组织为材料,分离原生质体,在原生质体培养基中作液体浅层暗培养,植板率为５％,植株再生频率为１００％。作者进而开展了遗传转化研究。为研究ＰＥＧ介导转化诸葛菜原生质体的影响因素,通过瞬间表达,实验了ＰＥＧ法转化子叶原生质体的过程,在此基础上将分离纯化后的原生质体与带ＨＰＴ基因的质粒ＤＮＡ（ｐＢＩ２２２）混合,ＨＰＴ基因作选择标记,ＰＥＧ介导转化;重新收集转化后的原生质体,以５×１０４／ｍｌ的密度在原生质体培养基中作浅层培养;培养１０—１５天后用２５ｍｇ／Ｌ的潮霉素（ｈｙｇｒｏｍｙｃｉｎ）进行筛选,一月后出现少量细胞团,转入含潮霉素５０ｍｇ／Ｌ的扩增培养基扩增愈伤组织,进而转入含５０—１００ｍｇ／Ｌ潮霉素的分化培养基诱导分化成苗,分化率为１００％,转入生根培养基中生根成完整植株。抗性植株再生率为４×１０（－５）。在获得再生转基因植株后,以再生植株叶片为材料,进行Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ分子杂交,证实外源基因已稳定整合到植物基因组中并表达,再生转基因植株频率为１０（－５）。国内外首次转化诸葛菜属植物原生质体获得成功。     

新月弯孢霉原生质体制备及再生条件的研究

以从自然界中筛选的新月弯孢霉（Ｃｕｒｖｕｌａｒｉａｌｕｎａｔａ）Ｄ－１为出发菌株,进行原生质体制备及再生条件的研究。将培养至１６ｈ的Ｄ－１菌丝体经ＤＴＴ溶液处理３０ｍｉｎ后,用溶壁酶和纤维素酶的混合酶液于３０℃下酶解４ｈ,原生质体释放量达到６．０×１０^６个／ｍＬ,原生质体再生率为８．３％。     

菌根真菌——赭丝膜伞原生质体分离与再生研究

振荡培养４８ｈ的赭丝膜伞（Ｃｏｒｔｉｎａｒｉｕｓｒｕｓｓｕｓ）菌丝体经０．５％巯基乙醇预处理后,离心法收集,以０．６ｍｏｌ／ＬＭｇＳＯ４作高渗稳定剂,ｐＨ５．８,采用纤维素酶,离析酶和浸解酶联合处理,在三个温度（２４℃,３１℃３５℃）下经１１～１６ｈ反应均可获得较高的原生质体产量,最高产量达８×１０＾７个／ｇ鲜重菌丝,分离得到的原生质体表现了快速的再生能力,在ＭＭＮＣ固体培养基上可达到２０％以上的     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).