构建网络实验室 促进微生物学实验教学与管理

探讨网络实验室的构建与微生物教学与管理的实践。实践证明,利用网络实验室,可以提高学生对实验的熟悉程度,弥补实验室已有硬件条件的局限,以仿真实验弥补传统实验教学的不足。同时,网络实验室能拓展学生的实验技能、有效加强毕业环节的过程管理与提高指导毕业实践的时效性,并提高真实实验室的运行效率。利用实验室网站,可以展示学生的实验结果、学习成就,以提升学生的成就感。     

“教-赛-训-赛-改”模式促进本科实验教学持续改进的探索与实践

加强实验实践教育力度,提高大学生创新创业能力,是一流本科人才培养的重要内容。为有效促进实验教学改革和本科生创新能力培养,本团队紧扣"教-赛-训-赛-改"五个环节,以校内"生物化学与分子生物学实验技能竞赛"来检验实验教学效果。选拔科研素质较高的一批本科生参加为期至少一年的科研训练,优秀的学生团队推荐参加全国性高水平竞赛。在此过程中,发掘一些好的科研训练课题转化为本科教学项目,促进实验教学改革。迄今为止,"生物化学与分子生物学实验技能竞赛"已经开展了十届,在校内营造了浓厚的学习氛围,形成了以赛促教、促学、促建和促改的良性循环。十年来,我校本科教学实验室建设、教学内容有了很大改善,学生在全国大赛上成绩突出。十年的改革实践表明,"教-赛-训-赛-改",头尾相扣、相互促进,为我校生物化学与分子生物学实验教学改革和本科高素质人才培养注入了持续动力。     

指向提升生物学实验教学品质的评价

提升对实验教学品质的评价,是追求实验教学质量与教学效果的重要方法及手段。提升生物学实验教学品质的评价主要指向:(1)发展学科核心素养即发展学生在生物学课程学习过程中逐渐发展起来的,在解决真实情境中的生物学问题时所表现出来的必备品格和关键能力;(2)发展学生高阶思维发展的高阶思维能力,主要发展批判性思维能力、创造性思维能力、问题解决能力等;(3)开发有效评价工具,优化课堂内、外实验教学的评价环境,提升实验教学品质和发展学生的实验探究能力。     

基于Web的形态学实验教学改革

目的 探讨基于web的高职高专医学形态学实验教学改革并评价其效果.方法 构建形态学实验网络辅助教学平台与实验室开放管理平台,选取程度相当的4个平行班级分别作为实验班和对照班,实验班的形态学课程的实验教学采用传统教学和网络辅助教学与实验室开放管理,对照班的采用传统教学.结果 ①成功构建了形态学实验网络辅助教学与实验室开放管理平台;②实验班的形态学课程的实验考试成绩均显著优于对照班(P＜0.05).结论 基于web的形态学实验教学改革能够显著提高形态学课程的实验教学效果.     

提高微生物学实验课教学效果的探索与尝试

针对传统实验教学法造成学生学习被动和积极性不高等问题,在微生物实验教学实践中我们以培养学生能力为重点,对实验教学内容、实验教学方式、实验教学管理以及考核方式等方面的改革进行了探索与尝试.教学实践证明从微生物学实验教学的正确定位出发,规范实验教学大纲,采用基本技能训练模块、综合实验模块和创新实验模块相结合的教学方式和实验室开放教学管理模式是提高微生物实验教学效果的成功之举,对提高学生综合素质具有重要作用.     

提高微生物学实验课教学效果的探索与尝试

针对传统实验教学法造成学生学习被动和积极性不高等问题, 在微生物实验教学实践中我们以培养学生能力为重点, 对实验教学内容、实验教学方式、实验教学管理以及考核方式等方面的改革进行了探索与尝试。教学实践证明从微生物学实验教学的正确定位出发, 规范实验教学大纲, 采用基本技能训练模块、综合实验模块和创新实验模块相结合的教学方式和实验室开放教学管理模式是提高微生物实验教学效果的成功之举, 对提高学生综合素质具有重要作用。     

生物学实验室管理规范化及使用的探讨

生物学科的教学与实验是分不开的,搞好生物学实验室的功能建设管理,是为了充分发挥实验室效益,更好地开展生物学实验教学,激发学生兴趣,培养学生实验技能,发展学生智力,全面地提高学生的整体素质。     

高等农业院校微生物学实验课程教学改革探讨

微生物学实验技术的夯实和拓展是巩固和完善理论教学的重要保障,在引导高等农业院校学生认识和应用微生物过程中具有不可替代的作用。结合微生物学实验课程特点,针对微生物学实验教学采取了一系列改革措施,包括课程准备、学生分组管理、实验教学内容设计与考核方式等环节,以期探索提高实验教学效果的可行途径。结果表明,有效管理实验教学环节,侧重实验考核与创新报告的实施,可在巩固学生微生物学基础知识的同时,锻炼学生对知识点归纳、整理和总结的能力,并促进学生创新思维等综合素质的提高。学生课程参与度明显提高,学习效果良好。     

人体解剖学实验室管理和实验教学之我见

人体解剖教学的重要构成环节是实验教学,如何最大程度的运用实验室资源开展人体解剖教学,是医学院解剖教师要逐步完善与研究和重要课题。本文从建设师资、改善环境、优化设施等方面分析提高实验室硬件的建设与管理方式,并从管理制度方面研究完善实验室的管理机制,以期推动实验室管理与教学改革的进程。     

医学院校《微生物学》实验课的实验室安全管理初步探讨

随着微生物实验新技术的发展,仪器设备日益增多(特别是精、尖仪器设备增多),加之进入高校微生物实验室的教师、学生数量增多,且学生的实验素质参差不齐,使得安全风险隐患日益增加,实验管理难度显著增强。微生物实验室如何进行科学管理,来保证实验室安全并达到最佳运行效率的问题日益受到关注。实验室管理是一项需要具备良好的专业知识技能、严谨的工作态度和科学的管理办法相结合的管理工作,以医学院校微生物实验室为例,通过完善实验室制度建设、加强实验室人员管理、落实仪器设备运行维护、强化实验物品管理等方法,确保实验室的安全,为日常实验教学和科研工作提供有力支撑,为其他类型实验室的科学管理提供了思路。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Composition and diversity of bird communities in Swedish farmland–forest mosaic landscapes

CapsuleThe amount of forest (at local and landscape scales) and occurrence of residual habitats at the local scale are shown to be the major factors influencing bird community composition in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Aims To investigate the importance of local habitat and landscape structure for breeding birds in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Methods Breeding birds were censused at 292 points. A detailed habitat mapping was made within 300 m of the points. Within a 300–600 m radius only two major habitats (forests and arable fields) were identified.

Results Cluster analyses of bird communities identified three site types that also differed in habitat composition: (i) partially forested sites in forested landscapes; (ii) heterogeneous sites with residual habitats in mosaic landscapes; and (iii) field-dominated farmland sites in open landscapes. A total of 19 of 25 farmland bird species (restricted to farmland or using both farmland and forest) had the highest abundance in farmland sites with mosaics of forest and farmland, while only six farmland species had the highest abundance in field-dominated sites. The bird community changed from being dominated by farmland species to being dominated by forest species (common in forest landscapes without farmland) at small proportions (10–20%) of forest at the local scale. A major difference in habitat composition between heterogeneous and field-dominated sites was the occurrence of different residual habitats (e.g. shrubby areas and seminatural grasslands). These habitats seemed to influence bird community composition more than land-use, despite covering <10% of the area. Seminatural grasslands were important for bird community composition and species-richness, but grazing seemed to be less important. Among different land-use types, cereal crops were the least preferred fields. Set-asides with tall vegetation and short rotation coppices were positively associated with species-richness of farmland birds.

Conclusion In general, the composition of the landscape was important for bird community composition, although amount and distribution of forests, occurrence of residual habitats and land-use of fields at the local scale had the strongest influence on bird community composition. The possible implications of these patterns for managing farmland–forest landscapes are discussed.     

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Rhus typhina L. and their chemotaxonomic significance

This work describes the isolation and characterization of twenty-nine compounds from the fruits of Rhus typhina L., including eleven flavonoids (1–11), eleven phenols (12–22), two pentacyclic triterpenes (23–24), two organic acids (25–26), one lumichrome (27), one courmarin (28) and one pyrimidine (29) on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds apigenin (1), daidzein (4), orobol (5), 3′, 5, 5′, 7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (6), naringenin (7), butein (8), (-)-catechin (9), quercetin-3-O-α-L-(3″-O-galloyl)-rhamnoside (11), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (13), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (14), vanillin (15), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (16), 3,5-dihydroxybenzamide (18), tyrosol (19), caffeic acid (20), 3-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-one (21), phlorizin (22), friedelin (23), oleanolic acid (24), 4,4-dimethyl-heptanedioic acid (25), anthranilic acid (26), lumichrome (27), scoparone (28) and uracil (29) have not been recorded before in this plant. This is the first report on the occurrence of compounds 4–7, 9, 11, 13–14, 16, 18–21, 25–29 from the genus Rhus. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds was also summarized.