中国涡虫一新纪录科肠口涡虫属一新纪录种格氏肠口涡虫(原卵黄目, 柱口科)

原卵黄目(Prolecithophora)柱口科(Cylindrostomidae)肠口涡虫属(Enterostomula)为海栖涡虫,全球记录3种,在中国未见报道。作者在广东省深圳市深圳湾海边(22°31'N,113°56'E)采集到一种海栖涡虫。本文对该种涡虫进行了较为详细的比较研究,鉴定为柱口科肠口涡虫属格氏肠口涡虫(E.graffi de Beauchamp,1913),为中国新纪录科新纪录属一新纪录种。该种涡虫多数个体背部具2条黑色横纹,部分个体背部花纹有明显变化。眼点2对。雌雄同体,精巢、卵巢各1个。受精囊位于卵巢与子宫之间;子宫位于体末端,后接一微小的外阴道。本文发现:①该涡虫的尾部腹面具有一个交配囊及一根雌性生殖管,交配囊是一个由肌肉层组成的袋状囊,同时与子宫、雌性生殖管相连;②雌性生殖管外围有明显的生殖腺包裹;③雌性生殖管孔、阴茎孔与口孔一起通往体外;④此种涡虫喜分泌黏液将微小杂质粘结呈半球状窝,虫体隐藏于窝内。     

斜口涡虫(原卵黄目,斜口科)的生物学特性

摘要：本文报道了采自广东惠州市东江支流(23°09′00. 31"N,114°22′26.59″E)的中国涡虫一新纪录目原卵黄目(Prolecithophora)斜口涡虫(Plagiostomum sp.)。该虫体长4.51 ～6.00 mm,体被不规则的褐色细网纹,头钝圆,尾圆锥形,体中部圆柱状,眼点4只。该涡虫运动...     

双雄性交配器官大口涡虫的首次发现

大口涡虫属所有物种均为雌雄同体,具一套交配器官。作者于2015年在广东省的两处淡水环境,首次发现2个具有双雄性交配器官的大口涡虫(Macrostomum sp.)标本。通过对活体、整装片、连续组织切片的显微镜观测,发现2只标本的两套交配器官呈左右排列;每套交配器官具备完整的假储精囊、储精囊、颗粒囊与交配刺;假储精囊与储精囊内具有精子;雄孔分别为1个与2个;交配刺的结构与中国已经记录的物种都不相同。本研究对其做了较为详细的描述,并初步探讨了大口涡虫多交配器官发生的原因。     

中国涡虫一新纪录科(扁形动物门,单肠目,盲扁虫科)背睾涡虫属一新种

记述了中国涡虫单肠目1新纪录科背睾涡虫属1新种,即中国背睾涡虫Phaenocor asinensis sp.nov.。新种的主要鉴别特征是:外轮廓呈长子弹形,后缘呈刀切状;精巢长度占体长的2/3,位于卵黄腺的背部。阴茎表面小刺呈犬牙状,其内折部中段具4个矩形的粗刺。子宫有2个开口,一端连接卵巢,另一端连接生殖腔。卵黄腺呈条形,具短分支,左右卵黄腺无衔接。生活于淡水。标本保存在深圳大学生命科学学院形态学研究室。     

达氏科(扁形动物门,单肠目)涡虫二新种

本文记述淡水涡虫类单肠目Rhabdocoela达氏科Dalyelliidae小达氏涡虫属Microdalyellia一新种,广东小达氏涡虫Microdelyellia guangdongensis Wang et Rong,sp.nov.,模式标本由卢彦宏于2013年6月9日采自广东省深圳市石岩水库(22°40'58″N,113°53'42″E);杰氏涡虫属Gieysztoria一新种,七星岩杰氏涡虫Gieysztoria qixingyanensis Wang et Rong,sp.nov.,模式标本由刘旭坤于2014年8月6日采自广东省肇庆市七星岩风景区(23°04'32″N,112°28'46″E)。对2个涡虫新种的形态特征作了详细描述,并分别与小达氏涡虫属和杰氏涡虫属近似物种进行了比较。所有标本保存于中国科学院国家动物博物馆。     

中国涡虫一新纪录目一新纪录种(卵黄上皮目,原吻科)

报道中国涡虫1新纪录目1新纪录种,即卵黄上皮目Lecithoepitheliata的静原吻涡虫Prorhynchus stagnalis,属于原吻科Prorhynchidae原吻属Prorhynchus.标本采集于广东韶关(24.84°N,113.62°E).     

铲形杰氏涡虫(单肠目,达氏科)新纪录的形态学描述及其分子系统学分析

本文对分布于广东省深圳市侨城湿地(113°58'E,22°31'N)咸淡水的一种单肠目Rhabdocoel涡虫进行了形态、发育及18S r DNA与28S r DNA分子系统学的分析与比较。结果表明,此涡虫为达氏科Dalyelliidae铲形杰氏涡虫Gieysztoria knipovici Beklemischev,1953,为中国新纪录种。该物种模式标本分布于欧洲黑海近岸。本研究详细描述了其外部形态与内部结构特征,首次发现该涡虫精巢超长,前端达咽部,后端至腹侧,呈长条形(该属涡虫2个精巢呈球形或椭圆形,位于肠后腹侧);除了骨质阴茎之外还具有可再生的骨质阴茎鞘。阴茎鞘位于骨质阴茎外侧,半包裹骨质阴茎,呈长条形骨质结构。交配后的个体常在交配囊内发现阴茎鞘1~5个。鉴于该物种特殊的形态学特征,其分类地位还有待进一步研究。     

多肠目薄背涡虫生殖系统结构及一氧化氮合酶组化研究

运用常规组织学方法和NADPH-d组织化学方法,研究了薄背涡虫 Notoplana humilis 生殖系统的组织结构和一氧化氮合酶的分布.其雄性生殖系统包括精巢、储精囊、阴茎、雄性生殖孔,精巢壁由一薄层薄膜组成,每个精巢内都含有不同发育时期的雄性生殖细胞,且精子发育无明显同步性;储精囊呈螺旋状排列在雄性生殖孔附近,囊壁由单层扁平上皮组成;阴茎为粗大的球形,外壁由柱状上皮细胞和数层肌细胞组成.雌性生殖系统包括输卵管、生殖腔、雌性生殖孔和受精囊,但不形成集中的卵巢和卵黄腺.雌雄生殖孔、生殖腔、受精囊、阴茎等部位呈NADPH-d强阳性反应.     

斯库台涡虫属一新种(单肠目,斯库台科)及其分子系统学分析

本研究报道单肠目Rhabdocoela斯库台科Scutariellidae斯库台涡虫属Scutariella新种:中国斯库台涡虫,新种Scutariella sinensis sp.nov.,对其进行了形态学、分子系统学等研究。新种的主要鉴别特征:(1)二支卵黄腺在背部两侧沿肠管分布,在近肠后部愈合,整体呈"U"型;(2)生殖孔位于肠前端腹侧;(3)咽腺丰富,位于咽肠交界处的两侧;(4)精巢、卵巢位于肠道前1/3腹侧。新种的18S rDNA和28S rDNA分子系统发生研究首次提供了切头类斯库台科的分子数据,确定切头亚目Temnocephalida的分类地位及该亚目与吸虫类的进化关系。     

云南省鸟类新纪录——长尾鸭

正2018年1月10日,在由云南省大理白族自治州林业局组织的水鸟同步调查中,于洱海西岸星生邑村(100°7'44.89″E,25°53'3.46″N,海拔1 964 m)发现并拍摄到1种雁形目Anseriformes鸭科Anatidae鸟类(图1)。该鸟体型与混群的骨顶鸡Fulica atra(约40 cm)相近;呈黑白两色;头白,颈侧有明显黑斑;背部黑色,尾较长且尖锐上翘;胸褐色,体两侧白色;喙色较暗。参     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.