泉州市区主要园林植物害虫调查初报

2006-2007年对泉州市区主要园林植物上的害虫种类、分布、寄主范围和发生危害情况进行初步调查,根据其危害程度与潜在危险性确定园林植物主要害虫84种,隶属于11目41科,其中外来害虫5种。     

中国椰子害虫

为了弄清楚我国椰子害虫的种类及其分布情况,采用直接观察法、扫网法、拍打法、诱捕法和吸虫器法等调查方法,调查了我国海南、广东、广西、云南和福建等省区椰子园害虫。结果表明,我国椰子害虫共有64种,分属7目25科,其中新发现我国椰子害虫31种。     

中国椰子害虫

为了弄清楚我国椰子害虫的种类及其分布情况,采用直接观察法、扫网法、拍打法、诱捕法和吸虫器法等调查方法,调查了我国海南、广东、广西、云南和福建等省区椰子园害虫。结果表明,我国椰子害虫共有64种,分属7目25科,其中新发现我国椰子害虫31种。     

中国椰子害虫

为了弄清楚我国椰子害虫的种类及其分布情况,采用直接观察法、扫网法、拍打法、诱捕法和吸虫器法等调查方法,调查了我国海南、广东、广西、云南和福建等省区椰子园害虫。结果表明,我国椰子害虫共有64种,分属7目25科,其中新发现我国椰子害虫31种。     

我国食用菌害虫的研究现状

<正> 一、害虫种类的研究 我国食用菌栽培的历史悠久,但对其害虫的研究起步较晚,多数工作是80年代进行的。1981年杨集昆统计我国已明确的食用菌害虫仅5种,1982年沈水根调查并报道了上海菇房害虫8种。之后,一些作者相继对当地食用菌害虫进行了研究和报道,其中有一些新记录或新种,邹萍等对上海等地食用菌害螨进行了系统研究,发现有20余种螨类为害食用     

害虫的抗药性:Ⅹ.水稻三化螟的抗药性及其测定方法

<正> 害虫抗药性已有70多年的历史。WHO(世界卫生组织)和FAO(世界粮农组织)早就对主要的医学昆虫和农业害虫分别拟定出一套标准的抗药性测定方法,并作了全球调查。据报告,到1980年7月止,全世界发生抗药性的昆虫(包括蜱螨类)已达432种,其中农业害虫(包括森林害虫和仓库害虫)有261种。虽然FAO在1980年对主要的19种农业害虫拟定了标准测定方法,但由于水稻三化螟不能象二化螟那样大量饲养,故至今对三化螟尚未拟出标准测定方法。在1969—1975年,江苏、浙江省农科院和我们分别对江、浙、沪地区的三化螟抗药性进行了调查。在此过程中,我们摸索了一套较适合我国情况的抗药性测定方法。     

新疆伊犂地区油菜害虫发生概况及其防治

伊犁地区气候湿润温和,四季分明,雨量较充沛,油菜种植面积很大,害虫的种类多。其中部分害虫为国内少见种或新记录,可代表伊犁地区油菜害虫的特点,为国内害虫区系增添了新资料。 一、害虫名录 经过三年的调查,发现新疆伊犁地区为害油菜的害虫有下列种类,分属于5目14科。 一、鞘翅目     

杭州市郊区主要蔬菜害虫群落结构的研究

本文是1985年4月—11月杭州市郊区主要蔬菜害虫种类和群落结构调查和研究的结果。在调查期间发现了四十多种主要蔬菜害虫,其中γ-对策的害虫在数量上一直处于优势地位。蔬菜害虫主要发生在春、秋两季,夏季数量有所下降,但种类增加,8月份的群落多样性指数达3.269。不同的蔬菜种类相比,四季豆上发生的害虫种类最多,多样性指数为2.411。对不同蔬菜的害虫群落间进行树状图和排序聚类分析,结果表明蔬菜害虫的群落根据其寄主,大体上形成一个以十字花科作物为主、包括瓜豆类作物的害虫大群落。     

闽台番石榴树冠害虫发生情况比较

2006～2007年对福建省番石榴树冠上的主要害虫种类、危害部位及程度进行调查,发现番石榴树冠主要害虫有8个目46个科72个种,其中害螨1种,以同翅目害虫种类最多,达32种.棉蚜、桃蚜、乌盔蚧、花蓟马等害虫的发生量最大,桔小实蝇对番石榴果实的为害最重.闺台两地番石榴共有的害虫有59种,隶属于6个目20个科,主要为同翅目害虫,占共有种类的69%;台湾特有的害虫有11种,隶属于4个目7个科,主要为同翅目和缨翅目害虫,比例达36%.     

中国椰子害虫

为了弄清楚我国椰子害虫的种类及其分布情况,采用直接观察法、扫网法、拍打法、诱捕法和吸虫器法等调查方法,调查了我国海南、广东、广西、云南和福建等省区椰子园害虫.结果表明,我国椰子害虫共有64种,分属7目25科,其中新发现我国椰子害虫31种.     

贵州烟贮害虫发生危害的初步调查与防治

介绍了贵阳烟贮主要害虫烟草粉螟EphesiaelutellaH櫣ｂｎｅｒ、烟草甲虫ＬａｓｉｏｄｅｒｍａｓｅｒｒｉｃｏｒｎｅFabricius的发生危害与防治 ,并对其影响发生的因素进行了初析。     

厦门市桂花病虫害种类及防治

1998~2004年对厦门市桂花病虫害进行系统调查,查明桂花病虫害10种,其中病害6种,虫害4种;文中提出这些病虫害的防治方案。     

DNA barcode library and its efficacy for identifying food‐associated insect pests in Korea

Food‐associated insect pests are of great economic and hygienic importance. However, their identification requires expert knowledge and excessive time. Such pests are discovered in food as body parts or immature stages, which further complicates the identification process. In this study, we constructed a DNA barcode dataset of insect pests that can be detected in food. We also tested the efficacy of these DNA barcode sequences for identifying food‐associated insect pests. A 658 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was analyzed from 55 species of food‐associated insect pests in Korea. The results indicated that this portion of the COI gene effectively discriminated >90% of the food‐associated insect pests. Mean genetic divergences among individuals belonging to one species/between species belonging to one genus of the five orders, Blattaria, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera and Diptera, were 0.59%/13.18%, 0.84%/20.10%, 0.02%/22.61%, 0.24%/3.48% and 0.17%/15.90%, respectively. In conclusion, we established the first DNA barcode dataset and confirmed its efficiency for identifying food‐associated insect pests in Korea.     

化学杀虫剂对菜田节肢动物多样性的影响

分析了化学杀虫剂对菜田节肢动物结构组成、多样性变化等的影响,结果表明化学杀虫剂对菜田节肢动物的影响主要表现在物种组成、多样性指数及物种分布的均匀性等方面,尤其是对害虫类、捕食性天敌和蜘蛛类的影响尤为明显。停止化学杀虫剂使用后,菜田优势害虫种群趋势指数降低,天敌的控制作用明显增强,节肢动物多样性指数增大。因此,限制和停止化学杀虫剂的使用,恢复由于杀虫剂使用而破坏了的菜田环境,逐步增强天敌对优势害虫的控制能力,这在菜田害虫生态控制中具有重要作用。     

菜田节肢动物群落特征及其多样性恢复的研究

探讨了化学杀虫剂对菜田节肢动物群落结构和多样性的影响以及停止化学杀虫剂使用后多样性的恢复,结果表明化学杀虫剂对菜田节肢动物群落的物种组成,多样性指数及物种分布的均匀性等均有影响,菜田节肢动物群落结构变化同害虫类,捕食性天敌和蜘蛛类的特征变化关系密切,经常使用化学杀虫剂的菜田与停止使用后的菜田相比,物种数量显减少,多样性指数降低,停止化学杀虫剂使用后,优势害虫的种群趋势指数明显降低,大敌对主要害虫的控制作用增强,节肢动物多样性指数增大,因此,限制化学杀虫剂的使用,恢复由于化学杀虫剂的使用而破坏了菜田环境,增强天敌对主要害虫的控制能力,这在菜田害虫生态控制中起着重要的作用。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF ARTHROPOD COMMUNITY AND THEIR DIVERSITY RESTORATION IN LEAFY VEGETABLE FIELDS

Abstract  The effect of chemical insecticides on the structure and diversity of arthropod communities in various vegetable fields and the restoration of their biodiversity after stopping application of chemical insecticides were studied. The results showed that the effect of chemical insecticides on the arthropods in vegetable fields could be characterized the species structure, the diversity index and the evenness of species distribution. Components of arthpod species depended closely on the species number of insect pests, predatory natural enemies and spiders. Investigations showed that the numbers of species in the vegetable fields managed with chemical insecticides were obviously reduced, and their diversity indices were lower comparing with that without chemical insecticides. When the applications of chemical insecticides were stopped in vegetable fields, the index of population trend ( I ) of dominant insect pests decreased greatly, the control effect of natural enemies on major insect pests increased, and the diversity index of arthropod increased at the same time. Thus, limiting the application of chemical insecticides, resuming the environment of vegetable fields destroyed by using chemical insecticides, escalating the control ability of natural enemies on main insect pests will play an important role in the ecological control of insect pests in vegetable fields.     

Economic impact of exotic insect pests in Brazilian agriculture

Agriculture represents one of the major strengths of the economic sector in Brazil. The need to avoid economic losses because of insect pest populations is one of the greatest challenges faced by this sector. Insect pests have caused annual losses of US$12.0 billion to the Brazilian economy, of which approximately US$1.6 billion are because of exotic pest species. Furthermore, exotic insect species often show greater potential to cause harm than native species. In Brazil, since the late nineteenth century, 24 species of insect pests have been introduced into the country, and they have caused significant economic losses. Many of these species, including Bemisia tabaci, Hypothenemus hampei, Ceratitis capitata, Oryzophagus oryzae and Anthonomus grandis, are major crop pests, and they were accidentally introduced during trading of agricultural products. In this review, we present an overview of Brazilian agriculture, a brief history of the introduction of insect pests in the country and the Brazilian legislation on agricultural defence, and we estimate the economic losses caused to the Brazilian economy by the main insect pest species that have been introduced into Brazil over the last 112 years.     

Biological Control not on Target

Non-target effects of exotic biological control agents, parasitoids and predators, released worldwide to control insect pests, are becoming more apparent. This paper summarizes previously recorded information on the diet breadth of natural enemies released to control insect pests worldwide. It also summarizes the diet breadth of native parasitic hymenoptera in North America to determine whether the diet breadths of native and exotic parasitoids differ. Of released biocontrol agents, 48% were recorded as generalists (attacking more than one genus of host) and another 29.2% attacked more than one species in a genus. Only 22.5% were recorded as specialists on the target pests. This suggests that many natural enemies released in biocontrol programs against insect pests have broad diets and that non-target effects are likely. Data from native hymenoptera in North America also show that many species attack multiple host genera and species, with an average of 5.8 genera and 7.3 species attacked, indicating broad agreement with data from biological control releases.     

蔬菜害虫防治技术的发展与应用

<正> 我国幅员广、气候差异大、蔬菜品种多、茬口复杂、其害虫种类已达300多种,重要的有40余种。其发生情况常因蔬菜品种、栽培制度、气候类型不同而异。其     

从保护生物多样性角度谈频振式杀虫灯的应用

频振式杀虫灯诱杀昆虫的效果较好 ,但是在诱杀昆虫的过程中选择性不强 ,在诱杀害虫的同时对天敌和其它无益无害昆虫也具有较强的杀伤能力。为了更好地保护自然生态平衡和生物多样性。作者建议在自然生态条件好的地区最好不要使用频振式杀虫灯 ,在适合使用的地区应该事先做好害虫监测 ,应在防治适期使用。