献血感染丙型肝炎病毒人群的T细胞免疫及与肝损伤的相关性研究

丙型肝炎是由感染丙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis C virus,HCV)引起的,至今仍是世界公共卫生的严重威胁。为研究HCV感染者的T细胞免疫状态及其对疾病进展的影响,我们招募了62位研究对象,包括20位健康对照、42位HCV感染者。我们通过HCV主要的T细胞免疫原非结构蛋白3(NS3蛋白)多肽库体外刺激外周血淋巴细胞,利用流式细胞方法检测CD8~+T细胞和CD4~+T细胞的γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、白介素-2(IL-2)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的分泌水平。同时,我们检测了研究对象血清中白介素-6(IL-6)和白介素-10(IL-10)的水平。结果表明,HCV感染者外周血中仍持续存在针对NS3的特异性CD8~+T细胞和CD4~+T细胞。感染者血清中IL-6、IL-10显著高于对照人群。相关性分析显示,HCV感染者外周血中分泌IFN-γ和TNF-α的HCV特异性CD8~+T细胞水平及血清中IL-10水平与血清中的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)呈现正相关。本研究表明,HCV感染者体内针对病毒的特异性细胞免疫持续保持一定的水平,并且可能与病人的肝损伤有关,该研究对于了解HCV感染的细胞免疫特征及研发相应的免疫干预策略具有一定的意义。     

抗结核治疗对肺结核病患者血清TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-10和IL-17表达差异的影响

目的 探讨肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白介素-10(IL-10)和白介素-17(IL-17)在肺结核病患者抗结核治疗前后表达的差异.方法 选择新发未治疗的肺结核病患者20例,经抗结核治疗后肺结核病好转的患者20例,采集患者血清,采用ELISA方法检测TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-10和IL-17的表达水平的差异,明确上述细胞因子在肺结核病患者抗结核治疗过程中的作用机制.结果 肺结核病初诊患者血清中TNF-α、IL-17的含量较肺结核病患者治疗后好转的明显增高,分别为(144.05 ±59.15)pg/mL vs (97.55 ±20.58)pg/mL和(33.10±19.07) pg/mL vs(10.80±1.50) pg/mL,两组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而IFN-γ在肺结核病患者治疗好转组血清中较肺结核病初诊患者明显升高[(97.40±48.00) pg/mL vs(30.98±16.72) pg/mL],两组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P=0.000);但肺结核病初诊患者和治疗后好转组血清IL-1O差异无统计学意义[(141.02±33.42) pg/mL vs (146.78 ±33.75)pg/mL].结论 肺结核病患者体内存在着明显的免疫紊乱,抗结核治疗后TNF-α、IL-17明显降低,而IFN-γ则明显升高,提示在抗结核治疗肺结核病患者的过程中,连续监测免疫学指标有助于判断抗结核治疗的疗效.     

细胞因子在银屑病中的作用及中医药干预

银屑病是一种由T淋巴细胞(T lymphocyte,T)介导的免疫性皮肤疾病，以角质形成细胞异常增殖和炎症细胞浸润为特征。银屑病的发病机制十分复杂，各型细胞因子均参与银屑病的发病过程。细胞因子中以白介素(interleukin)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、γ-干扰素(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)作用较为重要。各因子相互影响，形成网络状细胞因子通路。其中，肿瘤坏死因子、IFN-γ具有起始炎性反应的作用，通过炎性反应，增加作为银屑病发生发展的核心因子白介素17(interleukin-17,IL-17)的表达，同时上调促炎因子[TNF-α、IFN-γ、白介素-23(interleukin-23,IL-23)]、生长因子[(血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、转化生长因子-β(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)]表达，引起细胞增殖及分化异常、炎症因子水平升高等病理性改变，共同构成银屑病患者体内炎性微环境。70%以上的患者会在此通路...     

细胞因子(IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α)在华支睾吸虫病肝功能损伤中作用的研究

目的探讨华支睾吸虫病患者白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平与肝功能的临床关系。方法试验组为50例未经治疗的华支睾吸虫病患者,并参照ChildPugh肝功能分级法,按照评分将其分成Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三组;对照组为20例健康献血员。采集试验组及对照组静脉血,用全自动生化分析仪检测血浆中总胆红素(TBIL)、血清白蛋白(ALB)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)含量;采用放射免疫法检测血清IL-6、IL-10及TNF-α含量,并进行统计分析。结果华支睾吸虫病患者血清IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α水平明显高于健康人对照组(P0.01)。随着患者肝功能受累程度的加重,血清IL-6、IL-10及TNF-α含量依次递增,Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组间差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。IL-6、TNF-α含量与其TBIL(γ=0.470、P0.01,γ=0.518、P0.01)及ALT(γ=0.497、P0.01,γ=0.285、P0.05)呈正相关,与ALB呈负相关(γ=-0.620、P0.01,γ=-0.665、P0.01)。结论华支睾吸虫病患者IL-6和TNF-α表达增强,共同参与介导了华支睾吸虫病肝损伤过程。     

糖尿病肾病患者与相关细胞因子水平的变化

目的:研究糖尿病肾病(DN)患者的血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白介素-6(IL-6)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、和肝细胞生长因子(HGF)水平的变化在肾病发生、发展过程中的作用。方法:应用ELISA法分析20例糖尿病肾病患者和20例正常人进行了血清TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-6、VEGF和HGF水平。结果:糖尿病肾病患者血清中TNF-α、IL-6、VEGF和HGF水平非常显著地高于正常人组(P<0.01),而IFN-γ水平则显著地低于正常人组(P<0.01)。结论:TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-6、VEGF和HGF水平的变化在糖尿病肾病的发生和发展中相互作用,观察其浓度的变化对探讨其发病机理、预防和指导导用药均有十分重要的临床价值。     

95例SARS患者的Th2细胞因子反应及其临床意义

本研究共收集95例罹患严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)的医护人员的急性期和恢复期血清,用ELISA方法测定血清中白细胞介素2(IL-2)、白细胞介素4(IL-4)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)、干扰素γ(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子β(TNF β)以及转化生长因子β(TGF-β)水平,用流式细胞仪测定急性期患者外周血CD4+和CD8+T细胞比例.结果显示,SARS患者病程初、中期血清IFN-γ无明显改变;IL-2在起病2月内无显著变化,但在病程3～5个月时降低;IL-4在健康对照和患者均未能测出;TNF-β在SARS感染的1周内和病程第2个月内下降.与上述细胞因子形成对比,患者IL-10以及TGF-β均在发病起即持续升高直至整个病程.这些细胞因子的变化均与激素的使用无关(P＞0.05).SARS患者急性期CD4+T细胞和CD8+T细胞急剧减少.可见,SARS相关冠状病毒感染可引起Th2细胞因子反应,可能损害患者的细胞免疫功能而促进体液免疫,IL-10和TGF-β可能在SARS的发病中起作用.     

幽门螺杆菌相关性胃癌患者血清白介素-4和干扰素-γ变化

目的观察幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)相关性胃癌患者血清白介素-4(IL-4)和干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)含量的变化,以探讨H.pylori感染时宿主TH1/TH2细胞的免疫应答变化。方法采用酶联免疫吸附测定法测定7例H.pylori阴性胃癌患者和13例H.pylori阳性胃癌患者血清IL-4及IFN-γ的含量。结果 2组患者血清IL-4及IFN-γ含量差异均无统计学意义(P=0.897)。结论 H.pylori感染对胃癌患者TH1/TH2细胞的免疫应答无明显影响。     

急性高原肺水肿患者血清中VEGF,TNF-α,IL-6及NO的含量变化

目的:检测高原肺水肿患者发生及转归过程中内皮生长因子(VEGF),肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),白介素-6(IL-6)和一氧化氮(NO)的含量变化,探讨高原肺水肿发生发展可能的病理生理机制。方法:收集10例高原肺水肿患者治疗前和转归后的血清样本,采用酶联免疫法和硝酸还原测定VEGF,TNF-α,IL-6和NO的含量。结果:VEGF在高原肺水肿发病时血清的含量为(167.9±26.5)pg/ml,而转归之后其含量显著降低为(53.1±17.0)pg/ml,(P<0.01);TNF-α在血清中的含量从发病时的(86.2±24.1)pg/ml减少到转归后的(29.2±6.8)pg/ml,(P<0.05),有显著性差异。而IL-6的水平也从发病时的(32.3±16.5)pg/ml变化为转归后的(12.5±8.0)pg/ml,虽然有下降的趋势,但没有统计学差异。而高原肺水肿患者血清中的NO水平从发病时的(33.8±3.3)μmol/L明显的升高到转归后的(74.1±6.2)μmol/L,(P<0.01)。结论:VEGF,TNF-α,IL-6和NO参与了高原肺水肿的发生和转归过程。     

COPD患者C反应蛋白、TNF-α、IL-8、IL-6临床研究

目的:探讨血清中C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-8(IL-8)、白介素-6(IL-6)的水平变化在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的发生发展中的作用及临床意义。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附法及全自动生化仪对35例COPD患者急性发病期和缓解期血清中的CRP、TNF-α、IL-8和IL-6浓度进行检测。结果:①COPD缓解期CRP、TNF-α、IL-8和IL-6含量显著低于急性期,但仍高于对照组(P<0.05)。②吸烟因素可增加COPD患者血清中CRP、TNF-α、IL-8和IL-6含量。③血清中CRP、TNF-α、IL-8和IL-6含量与肺功能指标FEV1%和FEV1/FVC%呈负相关。结论:CRP、TNF-α、IL-8和IL-6参与了COPD患者气道炎症反应,可能与疾病的严重程度有关,可作为判断预后的辅助指标;吸烟可能是COPD发生发展的重要因素。     

丙种球蛋白联合地屈孕酮治疗复发性流产的效果及对患者免疫功能和血清炎症因子水平的影响

目的:探讨丙种球蛋白联合地屈孕酮治疗复发性流产的效果及对患者免疫功能和血清炎症因子水平的影响。方法:选择2016年1月-2017年12月我院收治的82例复发性流产患者为研究对象,将其随机分为两组。对照组采用单纯口服地屈孕酮,每次10 mg,每天2次;观察组在对照组基础上联合静脉滴注丙种球蛋白500 mg/(kg·d)。比较两组治疗前后的血清白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)以及白介素-10(IL-10)水平,CD4~+/CD8~+、CD8~+以及CD4~+及保胎成功率。结果:治疗后,观察组治愈14例,有效18例,无效9例,治疗有效率为78.05%(32/41),明显高于对照组[60.98%(25/41)](P0.05);两组治疗后的血清TNF-α、CD8~+水平较治疗前明显降低(P0.05),血清IL-6、IL-10、CD4~+/CD8~+以及CD4~+水平较治疗前明显升高(P0.05),且观察组血清TNF-α、CD8~+水平明显低于对照组(P0.05),血清IL-6、IL-10、CD4~+/CD8~+以及CD4~+水平明显高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组的保胎成功率为82.93%(34/41),明显高于对照组[31.71%(13/41)](P0.05)。结论:丙种球蛋白联合地屈孕酮可以有效增强复发性流产患者体内的免疫功能,减少调节炎症因子的表达,提高保胎成功率.     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various