云南西部克钦湍蛙的鉴定与描述及克钦湍蛙在中国的分布讨论

2018年9月在云南省德宏傣族景颇族自治州采到14号湍蛙属Amolops标本,雄性体长46.4～56.5 mm(n=9),雌性体长74.7～89.7 mm(n=5),个体明显大于西域湍蛙Amolops marmoratus,线粒体基因16S rRNA序列与西域湍蛙序列的平均遗传距离为12.61%,与克钦湍蛙Amolops afghanus的平均遗传距离为0.05%。通过形态学及分子生物学方面的对比研究,确定为克钦湍蛙,并对克钦湍蛙在中国的分布情况进行了讨论。     

贵州省两栖类新记录种——中华湍蛙及其蝌蚪描述

2015-2018年在贵州省梵净山国家级自然保护区和雷公山国家级自然保护区采集到湍蛙属Amolops 3号成体标本及1号蝌蚪标本,经过系统发育分析和形态学比较,确定为中华湍蛙Amolops sinensis,为贵州省两栖动物新记录。另外,本文首次对该种的蝌蚪进行了形态描述。     

康定湍蛙物种界定

康定湍蛙Amolops kangtingensis依据多地混合标本订立,其分类地位一直存在争议。本文从居群水平出发,涵盖其多个模式产地及分布区,联合染色体核型、形态数量性状、分子系统发育分析,对其有效性及物种进行界定。结果表明,以新都桥为模式产地的康定湍蛙成立,分布区域大致界定于折多山以西雅砻江流域,海拔3000 m及以上高原地区,而原康定湍蛙大渡河流域各居群应划归四川湍蛙A.mantzorum物种之中。     

湖南桑植天平山发现宜章臭蛙及该物种的遗传分化分析

2012年和2013年在湖南省桑植县天平山采集到6号臭蛙类标本,经形态比较和分子系统学分析,鉴定为宜章臭蛙（Odorrana yizhangensis）,表明天平山为该物种的新分布点。这些标本与宜章臭蛙的主要鉴别特征相符：体型较小;体背面棕色斑大而密,形状不规则;腹面褐色,其上斑纹稀少;股后部色浅,深色斑明显。雄性头体长（52.45 ± 2.54）mm（48.96 ~ 54.92 mm,n = 3）,雌性头体长（73.11 ± 1.43）mm（71.26 ~ 74.74 mm,n = 3）,均比模式标本群体的头体长略大。基于线粒体16S rRNA基因片段（502 bp）的系统关系分析结果表明,分析的天平山臭蛙标本与宜章臭蛙已知种群聚为一支系,天平山种群与宜章臭蛙已知种群间的遗传距离为0.002 0 ~ 0.008 1,远小于宜章臭蛙与其近缘种龙胜臭蛙（O. lungshengensis）之间的遗传距离（0.035 2 ~ 0.043 9）;这表明采自天平山的臭蛙样本属于宜章臭蛙。本文为宜章臭蛙物种的地理分布与系统学提供了新的信息。     

重庆彭水发现务川臭蛙

2022年7月,在重庆市彭水苗族土家族自治县新田镇调查到2只臭蛙,经比较形态特征确认为臭蛙属（Odorrana）物种。基于线粒体16S rRNA基因片段构建的臭蛙属部分物种的贝叶斯和最大似然系统发育树显示,这2只臭蛙和模式产地贵州省务川仡佬族苗族自治县的务川臭蛙（O. wuchuanensis）聚为一支,具有较高的支持率,贝叶斯后验概率为0.99、最大似然超快速引导支持（2 000次重复）自展值为95%。综合形态特征和系统发育分析,确认此2只臭蛙为务川臭蛙,系重庆市首次记录。务川臭蛙分布范围较为狭窄,此前仅记录于贵州省务川县、沿河土家族自治县、荔波县以及湖北省建始县和广西壮族自治区环江毛南族自治县。务川臭蛙在重庆彭水的发现,确认了该物种在武陵山和大娄山脉重庆段的分布。彭水发现的务川臭蛙1雄1雌,雄性体长81.3 mm,大于模式标本的最大体长,大于湖北建始县种群雄蛙体长;雌性体长87.1 mm,在模式标本的体长范围内,小于建始县种群雌蛙体长。线粒体16S rRNA基因的遗传分化分析显示,重庆市彭水苗族土家族自治县的务川臭蛙样本和模式产地的样本没有遗传分化,遗传距离为0。务川臭蛙在重庆市的...     

湖北省两栖类种的新记录——仙琴水蛙

2006年9月16日—9月21日,在湖北省咸丰县二仙岩(海拔:1543m,29°43′72″N,108°47′98″E)采集到一批两栖类标本。经分类鉴定,发现其中采到的一标本(雌性)为湖北省新记录——仙琴水蛙(Hyiarana daunchina)。标本存放在华中师大生命科学学院生态研究室。主要鉴别特征:体长40mm,头长15mm,头宽15mm,眼间距5mm,上眼睑宽3mm。其头长宽相等,眼间距大于上眼睑宽,鼓膜、眼几等大;体背面皮肤光滑,背侧较窄,但两背侧褶的间距较宽,后肢胫部有明显的纵行肤褶。体背面颜色灰棕色,背正中有一条浅色脊线;两侧上颔上缘自鼻孔后缘至前肢基部相嵌有一条乳黄…     

中国无尾两栖类新记录种——朝鲜侧褶蛙北大核心CSCD

2021年9月在沈阳市蒲河湿地公园(41°41′54″N,122°52′19″E,海拔35 m)采集到3号无尾两栖类动物,经形态特征比较确认为侧褶蛙属(Pelophylax)金线侧褶蛙种组(P.plancyi species complex)的物种。基于线粒体12S rRNA和16S rRNA基因联合构建的侧褶蛙属部分物种最大似然系统发育树显示,采集到的侧褶蛙标本与朝鲜侧褶蛙(P.chosenicus)聚为一支,且具有较高的支持率(0.95)。综合形态和系统发育比较,确定采集到的标本为无尾目(Anura)蛙科(Ranidae)侧褶蛙属的朝鲜侧褶蛙,系中国两栖动物分布新记录种。     

云南省两栖动物新纪录--棕点湍蛙

20 0 2年 8月 ,笔者在云南省昭通市巧家县东坪乡威宁村进行两栖爬行动物调查时 ,采集到 6号蛙类标本 ,经鉴定为蛙科湍蛙属棕点湍蛙 (Amolopsloloen sis) ,是云南省两栖动物新纪录 ,标本现保存于云南大学生命科学学院生物学系脊椎动物标本室。采集地巧家县东坪乡威宁村地理位置为 1 0 3°0 5′1 0″E ,2 7°1 8′45″N ,海拔 2 2 0 0m左右。生活于灌丛茂密、山溪湍流地带。成蛙白昼多隐蔽在溪流边石下或洞内 ;黄昏时多蹲在水中或岸边石上 ,受惊扰后立即跃入溪水中。省外目前仅分布于四川的部分县市。表 1　棕点湍蛙的量度　　　　　　 (单…     

蛙科物种背侧褶组织形态特征

背侧褶是无尾两栖类的重要形态特征,但对于其组织结构和功能缺乏了解。本文运用组织学技术,H.E、AB-PAS和Masson三色三种染色方法对蛙科4属的代表物种滇蛙（Dianrana pleuraden）、阔褶蛙（Sylvirana latouchii）、仙琴蛙（Nidirana daunchina）、沼蛙（Boulengerana guentheri）背侧褶和背部皮肤的显微结构进行了系统的比较研究。结果发现：1）蛙科物种的皮肤腺体单元丰富多样,由黏液腺和颗粒腺组成。其黏液腺均为普通黏液腺,按照其分泌物及分泌细胞形态将黏液腺分为Ⅰ型黏液腺和Ⅱ型黏液腺。Ⅰ型黏液腺在沼蛙和仙琴蛙中缺失,Ⅱ型普遍分布。颗粒腺分Ⅰ型颗粒腺、Ⅱ型颗粒腺及特化颗粒腺,Ⅱ型颗粒腺仅见于仙琴蛙,特化颗粒腺仅见于阔褶蛙和沼蛙的背侧褶;2）滇蛙与仙琴蛙背侧褶基本结构与其背部常规皮肤一致,且两种皮肤结构组成也较为相似,在真皮层下都有一层较厚的脂肪层,滇蛙脂肪层厚度约为真皮层厚度的1.52倍,仙琴蛙脂肪层厚度约为真皮层的1.60倍;阔褶蛙与沼蛙背侧褶基本结构也与其常规皮肤一致,且背侧褶结构组成也较为相似,阔褶蛙及沼蛙真皮层内具有单层排列、集中分布的大型特化颗粒腺,其分泌物为两种颗粒物的混合物。3）蛙科中两种背侧褶结构类型代表了两个进化方向,其功能分别为能量储存和反捕,推测其与环境适应进化相关。     

上海市城市化对金线侧褶蛙和泽陆蛙形态特征的影响

城市化是造成全球两栖类多样性下降的重要原因，两栖类通过表型特征(尤其是形态特征)的改变响应城市化进程。于2020—2021年4—8月沿上海市城市化梯度设置38个研究样点，共采集170只金线侧褶蛙和305只泽陆蛙成体，以获取5项形态特征数据(体长、体重、头宽、前臂长和后肢长),基于各样点的建筑、道路和林地面积占比定义城市化指数以代表城市化水平，分析上海市城市化对金线侧褶蛙和泽陆蛙形态特征的影响。结果表明：雄性与雌性金线侧褶蛙的体长与城市化指数呈显著正相关，雄性泽陆蛙的体长、头宽和后肢长，以及雌性泽陆蛙的体重和后肢长与城市化指数呈显著正相关。本研究表明，泽陆蛙对上海市城市化进程的形态特征响应强于金线侧褶蛙。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.