通过改换大肠杆菌腺苷酸代谢途径来增加胞内能荷水平

原核生物细胞能量和物质代谢的途径是一个很复杂的网络,改变代谢途径中的基因会对能量和物质流产生怎样的影响,仍然不是很清楚.以往的文献和研究已经将大肠杆菌的腺嘌呤核苷酸补救合成途径研究的很透彻.使用HPLC对删除了add基因的大肠杆菌细胞内腺苷类核苷酸分析表明,在腺嘌呤核苷酸补救途径中单一基因的途径操作不能有效改变腺嘌呤类核苷酸的代谢流向.实验中通过删除大肠杆菌JM83株中的add基因(编码腺苷脱氨酶[EC:3.5.4.4][1,2]),deoD基因(编码嘌呤核苷磷酸酶[EC:2.4.2.1][3,4]),amn基因(编码AMP核苷酶[EC:3.2.2.4][5])并引入外源ado1基因(来自酵母编码腺苷激酶[EC:2.7.1.20][6,7,8]),构建了菌株J991 (add-,deoD-,amn-,ado1 ,JM83),将其在含腺苷的LB培养基培养,使用HPLC分析其胞内腺苷类能量物质发现,ATP,ADP,AMP胞内含量都有所增加,分别都比对照JM83菌株提高一倍左右,大大加强了腺苷转化AMP的代谢流量,实现了改变物质代谢流向并使ATP积累的目的.该菌种实现了高产ATP代谢通路的构建,为下游生物工程发酵提供了较野生菌更高效的菌种,有望通过发酵工程优化培养,大幅提高ATP产量.同时,"尝试改变AMP的浓度而非直接针对ATP调节代谢途径,达到ATP积累的目"这一思路为同类研究提供参考.最后也表明在腺嘌呤核苷酸补救代谢途径中,为达到物质代谢流改变的目的,多基因联合操作较之单基因敲除更为有效.     

枯草芽孢杆菌耐盐突变株proA基因克隆proBA基因渗透压调节功能研究

利用TaKaRa LA PCRTM试剂盒扩增枯草芽孢杆菌93151耐盐突变株proA基因的未知下游序列。根据测序结果,设计引物,克隆出发菌株和突变株全长proBA基因。将出发菌株和突变株的proBA基因分别转化大肠杆菌JM83（proBA\+-）,均能够与其功能互补。SDSPAGE分析其表达产物,有两条分子量分别约为40kD和45kD的新蛋白带出现。测定4种转化子（分别含有出发菌株和突变株proB基因的大肠杆菌1.1252转化子及proBA基因的大肠杆菌JM83转化子）的耐盐能力。发现含有突变株proB或proBA基因转化子的耐盐能力,均比相应的含有出发菌株proB或proBA基因的转化子高。另外含有出发菌株和突变株的proBA基因转化子的耐盐能力, 也均比相应的仅含proB基因的转化子高, 表明枯草芽孢杆菌的ProA比大肠杆菌的ProA更为有效。测定所有JM83转化子胞内自由脯氨酸,发现其含量随盐浓度的上升而提高,其中含突变菌株proBA基因的转化子提高更为显著。     

微紫青霉CBHI酶的CBD蛋白编码区在大肠杆菌中的亚克隆及表达

对插入质粒pUC18－181上的微紫青霉（Penicilliumjanthinellum）CBHI酶的cDNA基因进行一系列DNA体外操作,包括进行序列定向缺失,最后将两末端修饰为平端后进行连接使质粒环化。用得到的产生序列定向缺失的重组质粒转化大肠杆菌JM109。利用CBD能吸附到结晶纤维素上的特性,从随机选取的24个缺失转化子中筛选到一株含CBD编码区的转化子JM109（pUC18C）,所表达的CBD融合蛋白分子量为21kD．JM109（pUC18C）所产生的LacZ-CBD融合蛋白可通过对纤维素的吸附-解吸附过程一步纯化。其IPTG诱导的pNPC酶活力为零,表明该菌已不再具有CBHI酶活力。     

大肠杆菌腺苷脱氨酶基因的克隆表达

将大肠杆菌K12菌株来源的腺苷脱氨酶基因(add)克隆到载体pET-28a中,并转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行表达。通过IPTG诱导,SDS-PAGE检测和酶活性的测定发现,重组菌表达产生大量腺苷脱氨酶,活性达到51.07U/mg蛋白。通过酶性质的研究,腺苷脱氨酶对腺苷最适pH和温度分别为7.5和40℃,且在40℃下维持稳定。     

大肠杆菌ispB基因的克隆及鉴定

ispB基因编码八聚异戊二烯焦磷酸合成酶,是决定大肠杆菌CoQ8生物合成的关键因子。克隆ispB基因是构建产辅酶Q10基因工程菌的前提,本实验从野生型大肠杆菌MC4100出发,以pUC18为载体,构建了大肠杆菌SspI限制性基因文库。筛选得到目的重组子pXF98,其酶切鉴定图谱与实验期望值吻合。测序结果表明,pXF98外源DNA片段包含完整的ispB基因。     

野油菜黄单胞菌S-152内切葡聚糖酶基因在大肠杆菌中的克隆与表达

以质粒pUC9为载体,大肠杆菌JM83为宿主菌,用鸟枪法克隆到纤维素降解细菌野油菜黄单胞菌S-152的内切葡聚糖酶(CMCase)基因,克隆到的CMCas e基因位于2.7kb的HindⅢ片段上,该重组质粒命名为pUC9H-1。Southern印迹杂交分析结果显示所克隆到的内切葡聚糖酶基因与野油菜黄单胞菌染色体DNA有亲和性。对克隆株的酶学性质分析表明,其CMCase活力为0.310μmol Glu/mg蛋白·分钟,最适作用pH为6.4,最适作用温度为55℃。 Abstract:Using plasmid pUC9 as vector,Escherichia coli JM83 as host strain,an endoglucanase(CMCase)gene has been cloned by Shoot-gun method from cellulose-degrading bacteria Xanthomonas campestris S-152,The recombinant plasmid pCU9H-1 was isolated from the positive transformant producing CMCase.The CMCase gene located in a 2.7kb HindIII DNA fragment.The result of Southern hybridization indicated that the CMCase gene cloned has affinity to chromosome DNA of Xanthomonas campestris S-152.The analysis of enzymatic activity of CMCase positive clone JM83(pUC9H-1)was carried out and the result indicated that the CMCase activity was about 0.310μmol Glu/mg pro·min,the optimum pH was 6.4 and the optimum temperature was 55℃.     

人毒素源性大肠杆菌热敏感肠毒素基因的克隆和表达

用限制酶Pst I完全消化毒素源性大肠杆菌H10407的热敏感肠毒素(LT)质粒DNA,酶切片段经电泳分离后,用southern分子杂交技术定位LT基因。回收5．3kb的LT DNA片段并将它与Pst I完全酶解的pUC8DNA混合,体外连接后用于转化感受态E．Coil JM83细胞。筛选后获得了一株能有效表达LT的重组子。免疫学及生物学测定表明,此克隆株所产生的LT与亲本株H10407所产生者具有相同的免疫原性和生物活性,且其产最为亲本株的16倍。     

肺炎支原体P1蛋白羧基端基因片段在大肠杆菌中克隆的研究

在大肠杆菌中克隆肺炎支原体P1蛋白羧基端基因片段,为P1蛋白基因片段的扩增、表达及探讨羧基端基因片段功能打基础.采用PCR扩增方法获取P1结构基因.扩增产物用SalI和EcoRI酶切消化,回收1kb大小的DNA片段并与pUC19DNA连接,转入大肠杆菌JM109菌株.用X-gal平板及质粒图谱分析方法筛选重组克隆株,再用限制性核酸内切酶酶切图谱分析鉴定.经PCR扩增MPDNA获得1条5.0kbDNA片段.重组质粒限制性内切酶指纹图谱显示出2条带,1条为pUC19载体DNA带,另1条是1kb的插入片段.实验获得肺炎支原体P1蛋白结构基因及含P1蛋白羧基端DNA片段的重组克隆株.     

多能硫杆菌基因文库的构建以及Rubis CO基因的筛选

以pUC9质粒DNA作为载体,用PstⅠ酶切、碱性磷酸酯酶处理后,与PstⅠ部分酶切的多能硫杆菌染色体DNA3－10kbDNA片段连接,转化大肠杆菌JM83,在MacConkey培养基上筛选重组于,所得的重组子为6.5×10³,达到建库要求的理论值。进一步用光合细菌Rhodobactersphaeroides类型Ⅱ磷酸核酮糖羧化酶／加氧酶基因（rbcL－rbcS）为探针,从该库中筛选到了含有多能硫杆菌的1,5－二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶／加氧酶（RubisCO）基因片段的重组子     

ACC脱氨酶基因转化白兰瓜的初步研究

用带有ACC脱氨酶基因和卡那霉素抗性基因（NptⅡ,作为报告基因）的工程根癌农杆菌转化白兰瓜子叶。通过组织培养,得到具有卡那霉素（Km)抗性的再生小苗,经NptⅡ报告基因的PCR扩增,ACC脱氨酶基因的Southern点杂交以及ACC脱氨酶活性的生理生化检测可知,ACC脱氨酶基因已成功转入白兰瓜子叶再生小苗,而且不同植株的真叶中表现出不同水平的ACC脱氨酶活性。     

大肠杆菌cai DE的基因克隆与表达

从Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ ＭＣ４１００菌体的染色体ＤＮＡ中利用鸟枪法克隆含编码肉碱消旋酶及相关因子的ｃａｉＤＥ基因片段,并经序列分析验证,由重组质粒ｐｌＸ３９３亚克隆得到ｐＤＳＷ２重组表达质粒,后者转入Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ ＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）菌株中是丙基硫代半乳糖苷（ＩＰＴＧ）诱导,在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ）上分子量为３０ｋＤ和２４ｋＤ附近可见明显的表达蛋白带。     

Definition of the Escherichia coli MC4100 genome by use of a DNA array

We have used an Escherichia coli K-12 whole-genome array based on the DNA sequence of strain MG1655 as a tool to identify deletions in another E. coli K-12 strain, MC4100, by probing the array with labeled chromosomal DNA. Despite the continued widespread use of MC4100 as an experimental system, the specific genetic relationship of this strain to the sequenced K-12 derivative MG1655 has not been resolved. MC4100 was found to contain four deletions, ranging from 1 to 97 kb in size. The exact nature of three of the deletions was previously unresolved, and the fourth deletion was altogether unknown.     

Cloning and overproduction of biodegradative threonine deaminase from Escherichia coli W strain.

We have cloned the structural gene (tdcB) of biodegradative threonine deaminase from Escherichia coli W strain by utilizing the polymerase chain reaction. The JM109/pUCTDA strain, which was obtained by transforming E. coli JM109 with a vector plasmid (pUCTDA) containing the cloned tdcB gene, produced a large amount of the enzyme corresponding to more than 5% of the total soluble protein. Amino acid sequence analysis of this recombinant enzyme showed that the amino acid sequence is identical to the nucleotide-deduced sequence of biodegradative threonine deaminase from E. coli K-12.     

Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of a xylanase gene from Bacteroides ruminicola 23

A gene coding for xylanase activity in the ruminal bacterial strain 23, the type strain of Bacteroides ruminicola, was cloned into Escherichia coli JM83 by using plasmid pUC18. AB. ruminicola 23 genomic library was prepared in E. coli by using BamHI-digested DNA, and transformants were screened for xylanase activity on the basis of clearing areas around colonies grown on Remazol brilliant blue R-xylan plates. Six clones were identified as being xylanase positive, and all six contained the same 5.7-kilobase genomic insert. The gene was reduced to a 2.7-kilobase DNA fragment. Xylanase activity produced by the E. coli clone was found to be greater than that produced by the original B. ruminicola strain. Southern hybridization analysis of genomic DNA from the related B. ruminicola strains, D31d and H15a, by using the strain 23 xylanase gene demonstrated one hybridizing band in each DNA.     

Over-production, purification and properties of the uridine-diphosphate-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate: meso-2,6-diaminopimelate ligase from Escherichia coli

The UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate:meso-2,6-diaminopimelate ligase was over-produced and purified from two plasmid-harbouring strains of Escherichia coli. The first strain, E. coli JM83(pHE5), gave a 15-fold over-production relative to parental strain. The enzyme could be partially purified (8.8-fold) by ion-exchange chromatography. With the second strain, E. coli JM83(pMLD25), a very strong over-production was obtained, since the enzyme represented about 20% of the cytoplasmic proteins. Purification yielded 77% protein homogeneity. However, the enzymatic activity, which was very unstable, was lost during the purification procedure. Several properties of the enzyme were studied. The enzyme gave maximal activity around pH 8. The isoelectric point was 5.2. The activity was increased by potassium phosphate. Reverse and exchange reactions could be catalysed. The N-terminal sequence of the protein was determined and correlated with the nucleotide sequence of the murE gene. The actual initiation codon was assigned.     

Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of a xylanase gene from Bacteroides ruminicola 23.

A gene coding for xylanase activity in the ruminal bacterial strain 23, the type strain of Bacteroides ruminicola, was cloned into Escherichia coli JM83 by using plasmid pUC18. AB. ruminicola 23 genomic library was prepared in E. coli by using BamHI-digested DNA, and transformants were screened for xylanase activity on the basis of clearing areas around colonies grown on Remazol brilliant blue R-xylan plates. Six clones were identified as being xylanase positive, and all six contained the same 5.7-kilobase genomic insert. The gene was reduced to a 2.7-kilobase DNA fragment. Xylanase activity produced by the E. coli clone was found to be greater than that produced by the original B. ruminicola strain. Southern hybridization analysis of genomic DNA from the related B. ruminicola strains, D31d and H15a, by using the strain 23 xylanase gene demonstrated one hybridizing band in each DNA.     

Increased resistance to ionizing and ultraviolet radiation in Escherichia coli JM83 is associated with a chromosomal rearrangement.

Cells cope with radiation damage through several mechanisms: (1) increased DNA repair activity, (2) scavenging and inactivation of radiation-induced radical molecules, and (3) entry into a G0-like quiescent state. We have investigated a chromosomal rearrangement to elucidate further the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying these phenomena. A mutant of Escherichia coli JM83 (phi 80dlacZ delta M15) was isolated that demonstrated significantly increased resistance to both ionizing and ultraviolet radiation. Surviving fractions of mutant and wild-type cells were measured following exposure to standardized doses of radiation. Increased radioresistance was directly related to a chromosomal alteration near the bacteriophage phi 80 attachment site (attB), as initially detected by the LacZ- phenotype of the isolate. Southern hybridization of chromosomal DNA from the mutant and wild-type E. coli JM83 strains indicated that a deletion had occurred. We propose that the deletion near the attB locus produces the radioresistant phenotype of the E. coli JM83 LacZ- mutant, perhaps through the alteration or inactivation of a gene or its controlling element(s).     

Comparison of growth, acetate production, and acetate inhibition of Escherichia coli strains in batch and fed-batch fermentations.

The growth characteristics and acetate production of several Escherichia coli strains were compared by using shake flasks, batch fermentations, and glucose-feedback-controlled fed-batch fermentations to assess the potential of each strain to grow at high cell densities. Of the E. coli strains tested, including JM105, B, W3110, W3100, HB101, DH1, CSH50, MC1060, JRG1046, and JRG1061, strains JM105 and B were found to have the greatest relative biomass accumulation, strain MC1060 accumulated the highest concentrations of acetic acid, and strain B had the highest growth rates under the conditions tested. In glucose-feedback-controlled fed-batch fermentations, strains B and JM105 produced only 2 g of acetate.liter-1 while accumulating up to 30 g of biomass.liter-1. Under identical conditions, strains HB101 and MC1060 accumulated less than 10 g of biomass.liter-1 and strain MC1060 produced 8 g of acetate.liter-1. The addition of various concentrations of sodium acetate to the growth medium resulted in a logarithmic decrease, with respect to acetate concentration, in the growth rates of E. coli JM105, JM105(pOS4201), and JRG1061. These data indicated that the growth of the E. coli strains was likely to be inhibited by the acetate they produced when grown on media containing glucose. A model for the inhibition of growth of E. coli by acetate was derived from these experiments to explain the inhibition of acetate on E. coli strains at neutral pH.