建兰花叶病毒运动蛋白基因克隆及序列分析

从建兰花叶病毒（CyMV）石斛兰分离物中提取病毒RNA,用反转录——聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法获得约500bp的运动蛋白基因片断,插入pGEM-T载体克隆并测序。序列分析表明,该基因片断由474个核苷酸组成,和CyMV美国夏威夷分离物、新加坡分离物相应基因核甘酸序列分别具有97.8%同源性;根据核酸序列推导该片断含有3个部分重叠的开放阅读框架（ORF）,分别编码14kD、12kD和10kD的多肽。     

建兰花哇病毒运动蛋白基因克隆及序列分析

从建兰花叶病毒（CyMV）石斛兰分离物中提取病毒RNA,用反转录－－聚合酶链式反就（RT－PCR）方法获得约500bp的运动蛋白基因片段,插入pGEM-T载体克隆并测序,序列分析表明,该基因片数由474个核苷酸组成,和CyMV美国夏威夷分离物、新加坡分离物相应基因核甘酸序列分别具有97.8%同源性;根据核酸序列推导该片断含有3个部分重叠的开放阅读框架（ORF）,分别编码14kD、12kD和10kD的多肽。     

广东地区两种兰花病毒病害的分子鉴定及检测

根据已报道的建兰花叶病毒(CyMV)和齿兰环斑病毒(ORSV)基因组核苷酸序列,在其cp基因上下游设计PCR引物。CyMV预计扩增产物784bp,ORSV预计扩增产物604bp。以采集自广东省顺德的墨兰和文心兰表现病毒病症状的病株叶组织总RNA为模板,进行RT—PCR扩增。对预期大小的5个扩增产物进行克隆和测序,结果表明,来源于不同兰种或同一兰种不同兰场的病样CyMV引物扩增产物核苷酸序列存在少量差异,但均与世界各地的CyMV分离物cp基因高度同源;而来源于不同兰种的病样ORSV引物扩增产物核苷酸序列完全相同,与世界各地的ORSV分离物cp基因高度同源。因此可将侵染广东兰花的两种病毒鉴定为CyMV和ORSV。混合上述两种病毒的PCR引物,采用双重RT—PCR扩增,对采自广东顺德23个兰场共153份样品进行病毒检测,76份(49．7％)检出CyMV,52份(34．0％)检出ORSV,2份(1．3％)同时检出CyMV和ORSV。     

广东地区两种兰花病毒病害的分子鉴定及检测

根据已报道的建兰花叶病毒(CyMV)和齿兰环斑病毒(ORSV)基因组核苷酸序列,在其cp基因上下游设计PCR引物.CyMV预计扩增产物784bp,ORSV预计扩增产物604bp.以采集自广东省顺德的墨兰和文心兰表现病毒病症状的病株叶组织总RNA为模板,进行RT-PCR扩增.对预期大小的5个扩增产物进行克隆和测序,结果表明,来源于不同兰种或同一兰种不同兰场的病样CyMV引物扩增产物核苷酸序列存在少量差异,但均与世界各地的CyMV分离物cp基因高度同源;而来源于不同兰种的病样ORSV引物扩增产物核苷酸序列完全相同,与世界各地的ORSV分离物cp基因高度同源.因此可将侵染广东兰花的两种病毒鉴定为CyMV和ORSV.混合上述两种病毒的 PCR引物,采用双重RT-PCR扩增,对采自广东顺德23个兰场共153份样品进行病毒检测,76份(49.7%)检出CyMV,52份(34.0%)检出ORSV,2份(1.3%)同时检出CyMV和ORSV.     

侵染万寿菊的黄瓜花叶病毒外壳蛋白基因的克隆与序列分析

应用ELISA的方法检测到感染了黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)的万寿菊。根据已报道的CMV外壳蛋白(CP)基因的保守序列设计并合成引物,提取万寿菊叶片总RNA为模板,进行cDNA合成和PCR扩增,得到约875bp的片断,与预期片断大小相符。序列分析显示:该分离物CMV-WSJ CP基因全长657bp,编码218个氨基酸,其核苷酸和氨基酸序列与CMV亚组Ⅱ的分离物有很高的同源率,分别达到98.33%～99.24%和98.63%～100%;与CMV亚组I分离物的同源率分别仅为74.43%～76.26%和77.17%～78.99%。因此,从万寿菊叶片上检测出的黄瓜花叶病毒分离物CMV-WSJ应归属于亚组Ⅱ。     

基于复制酶基因序列的黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒系统进化及生物信息学分析

本研究对江苏、浙江、湖南和北京等四个地区的葫芦、西瓜、黄瓜、西葫芦和甜瓜上的黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒(Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus,CGMMV)129kD和57kD蛋白复制酶基因分别进行扩增、测序和序列分析。结果显示,供试CGMMV分离物CGMMV-No.1、CGMMV-No.2、CGMMV-No.3、CGMMV-No.4和CGMMVNo.5的129kD和57kD蛋白复制酶基因序列相似性分别为99.64%和99.74%,其中CGMMV-No.1、CGMMVNo.3和CGMMV-No.4的相似性较高,三者的129kD和57kD蛋白复制酶基因序列相似性分别为99.95%和99.94%,而CGMMV-No.2的129kD和57kD蛋白复制酶基因序列与其余四个参比序列的相似性相对较低,分别为99.16%~99.27%和99.04%~99.18%;供试样品在基于129kD和57kD蛋白复制酶基因序列构建的NJ系统发育树中均被分为6个类群,CGMMV-No.1、CGMMV-No.3、CGMMV-No.4与GenBank上已报道的中国山东分离物(Accession No.KJ754195)聚为一支,CGMMV-No.5与中国辽宁分离物(Accession No.EF611826)聚为一支,而浙江的CGMMV-No.2西瓜分离物在129kD蛋白复制酶基因系统发育树中与韩国西瓜分离物(Accession No.AF417242)聚为一支,其在57kD蛋白复制酶基因系统发育树中独立成群。本研究中供试CGMMV分离物的129kD和57kD蛋白均无显著疏水性,也无高度卷曲螺旋部位,ProtParam预测显示仅CGMMV-No.4的129kD蛋白为稳定蛋白,其余均为不稳定蛋白,CGMMV-No.1、CGMMV-No.2、CGMMV-No.3和CGMMV-No.5的129kD蛋白分别有6个、6个、2个和4个可能的跨膜结构区域,CGMMV-No.2、CGMMV-No.4和CGMMV-No.5的57kD蛋白分别有13个、13个和5个可能的跨膜结构域,供试样品129kD蛋白的糖基化位点分别有2个、4个、4个、4个和4个,57kD蛋白的糖基化位点分别有2个、5个、2个、5个和2个,其129kD和57kD蛋白的紊乱区、球蛋白区、磷酸化位点以及B细胞抗原表位位点均存在差异。综合分析认为,供试CGMMV分离物复制酶基因序列相似性较高,种内稳定且保守,种间差异明显;CGMMVNo.1、CGMMV-No.3、CGMMV-No.4和CGMMV-No.5与中国山东、辽宁分离物的亲缘关系较近,可能具有相同的侵染来源,而CGMMV-No.2与韩国分离物的亲缘关系较近,序列相似性高的供试样品在系统发育树中聚为一类;供试CGMMV分离物129kD和57kD蛋白生物信息学分析结果不具规律性。     

从云南烟草上检测到的黄瓜花叶病毒亚组II分离物

在对云南省烟草病毒病的研究中,分离到一种直径约26～30nm的球形病毒。提纯病毒进行的SDSPAGE发现一条55kD蛋白带。55kD蛋白N端10个氨基酸与CMV亚组II的Q株系外壳蛋白N端氨基酸同源性为100%。以CMVQ抗血清对55kD蛋白进行了Western blot检测,发现55kD蛋白与CMV Q株系抗血清有血清学反应。根据已报道的CMV亚组II外壳蛋白基因序列合成引物,采用RTPCR技术扩增到一条约09kb的cDNA条带,并进行了克隆及序列测定,经Genbank比较,发现此09kb cDNA包含一657bp的外壳蛋白基因,其核苷酸序列及其推导的氨基酸序列与CMV亚组II分离物有极高的同源性,分别达97%～98%和96%～99%,而与亚组I分离物的同源性仅为75%～76%和78%～79%。因此,该球形病毒应为CMV亚组II的一个分离物,命名为CMVYnb。     

烟草花叶病毒(普通株中国分离物)及其弱毒疫苗N14(番茄株)基因组侵染性cDNA核苷酸全序列测定与分析

用双脱氧末端终止法对侵染性烟草花叶病毒普通株中国分离物(TMV-vulgar,Chinese Isolate,TMVCv)和番茄株弱毒疫苗TM-N14(Attenuated TMV vaccine strain)基因组cDNAs的核苷酸全序列进行了测定,并分析和比较了其基因组的结构和特征。结果表明：普通株基因组(Genbank接收号：AF165190)为6395个核苷酸;4个功能性开放阅读框架(ORF),分别编码126kD/183kD的复制酶、30kD运动蛋白和17.6kD外壳蛋白。弱毒疫苗TMV-N14基因组(Genbank接收号：AF155507)为6384个核苷酸;5个功能性ORF分别编码985kD/126kD/183kD的复制酶、27kD运动蛋白和17.6kD外壳蛋白。与参比序列核苷酸和氨基酸序列比较：普通株核苷酸序列同源率为99.4%;推断的复制酶与运动蛋白分别有5个和2个氨基酸残基不同。TMV-N14核苷酸序列同源率为99.7%;核苷酸位置2670～2672和5632～5634分别发生乳石(Opal)突变(UGA)和赭石(Ochre)突变(UAA);推断复制酶有13个氨基酸残基发生了变异。     

伪狂犬病病毒糖蛋白G基因的结构分析及其原核表达

利用PCR技术扩增了伪狂犬病毒湖北株 (PRVHB)糖蛋白G(gG)基因 ,进行了序列测定和分析。结果显示扩增和测序片段长 180 4bp ,G C含量 6 8.78%。gG基因ORF长 15 0 0bp ,编码 5 0 0个氨基酸组成的多肽。与PRVRice株 gG基因比较 ,两者核苷酸及推导的氨基酸序列同源性分别为 98%、84.1%。 32 0～ 380位之间的氨基酸序列存在较大差异。根据序列分析结果 ,选取 gG基因长短不同的两个片段分别克隆到原核表达载体 pET2 8a( )进行表达。经SDS PAGE和Dot ELISA分析证实 ,表达出分子量大小分别约为 5 5kD和 6 3kD的特异性gG多肽 ,这为深入阐明PRV gG基因结构与功能及研制 gG ELISA诊断试剂盒奠定了基础     

侵染厦门地区蝴蝶兰的建兰花叶病毒的分子鉴定

根据已公布的建兰花叶病毒（Cymbidium mosaic virus,CyMV）序列,设计特异引物,利用RT-PCR方法分离克隆了厦门蝴蝶兰CyMV的病毒分离物,获得完整的CP基因序列,并与来自中国和其它亚洲国家的病毒分离物进行同源性分析,其同源性均达96%以上。系统进化树分析结果表明,厦门的病毒分离物与中国台湾、韩国、印度的分离物成簇,而福建、北京和新加坡的病毒分离物独立形成另一簇。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.