细胞因子信号传导JAK／STAT途径的调控

JAK／STAT途径是多数细胞因子的信号传导途径,是阐明细胞因子生物学功能的分子基础。最近这条途径的调控机制逐渐被认识并引起人们的广泛关注。SOCS家族、PIAS家族、SHP－1、STATs天然突变体、去c－末端JAKs、AG－490、CAMP、钙离子载体霉素等多种因素参与了该途径的调控。     

JAK/STAT信号通路及其对昆虫免疫的调控

JAK/STAT信号通路参与细胞的生长、分化、凋亡和免疫调节等重要的生物学过程,是细胞因子介导的最重要的信号转导途径之一。在昆虫中,JAK/STAT是一条相对保守的信号途径,与Toll途径和Imd途径共同作为主要免疫途径以抵御病原物入侵,在昆虫免疫、激素调控和其他生理调节过程中发挥着十分重要的作用。本文介绍了细胞因子受体超家族、JAKs家族、STATs家族和JAK/STAT信号通路及其负反馈调节的作用机制,分析了寄生物、病毒和真菌感染昆虫时,JAK/STAT信号通路的重要功能及最新研究进展,并提出了JAK/STAT信号通路研究中尚待解决的问题,以期为该领域后续深入研究提供方向和参考。     

SOCS-3在哮喘Th1／Th2免疫失衡中的作用研究进展

支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）是一种以Th1／Th2免疫失衡、Th2优势应答为特征的慢性气道炎症性疾病。细胞因子信号转导抑制因子3（SOCS-3）是一类与细胞因子JAK／STAT信号转导途径有关的负反馈调节因子,参与细胞固有免疫、获得性免疫和炎症反应。近年来研究发现,在哮喘的发生发展中SOCS-3均表现出分子水平或功能的异常,提示SOCS．3可作为哮喘诊断和治疗的新靶点。就SOCS-3与哮喘的关系研究进展进行综述,讨论其在哮喘Th1／Th2免疫失衡中的作用。     

细胞因子信号转导的负性调节因子SOCS—1的研究进展

SOCS是新近发现的一类与细胞因子JAK-STAT信号转导途径有关的负性调节因子。目前SOCS家族的成员已达16个之多,该因子能抑制IL-6、IFNγ、IL-2、GH等细胞因子的多种信号转导途径,不仅对JAK-STAT信号途径有负性调控作用,而且还参与其它信号途径的调节,其功能涉及正常组织的分化和器官的发育,因此已为学术界所关注。SOCS-1为该家族中含SH2结构域的SOCS成员之一,本文着重对其分子的结构、负性调节机制及其生物学功能作一综述。     

细胞因子发信号阻抑蛋白SOCS3作用机制及其在相关疾病中的研究

SOCS家族是JAK／STAT通路的反馈抑制因子,又被称为细胞的“分子刹车”。SOCS3是该家族中目前研究最热,也是最为清楚的成员之一。该系统介绍了近几年对SOCS3结构、功能以及临床上的最新研究进展．并分析了今后可能的研究方向。     

瘦素的信号转导机制

瘦素是由肥胖基因编码的一种多肽激素,具有调节能量代谢和抑制食欲的作用,其调节作用由瘦素受体所介导。瘦素受体属于I类细胞因子受体家族。JAK－STAT途径是瘦素信号转导的主要途径。瘦素与胰岛素的信号转导通路之间存在“cross talk”。     

SOCS3在乳腺癌中的研究进展

细胞因子信号抑制因子(suppressor of cytokine signaling,SOCS)是一类对细胞因子、生长因子等信号作出应答的蛋白。这类蛋白能够通过负反馈调节JAK/STAT信号通路来减弱细胞因子信号的转导。SOCS3即为一个十分有代表性的SOCS家族蛋白。大量研究表明,风湿性关节炎、糖尿病及肿瘤等疾病的发生往往同SOCS3的异常表达有着密切联系。在乳腺癌中,SOCS3能够调控肿瘤细胞的干性、转移、侵袭、耐药性等。因此,SOCS3表达的正常与否同乳腺癌病人的愈后状况在很大程度上也具有相关性。基于SOCS3同乳腺癌发生发展间的联系,本综述将对SOCS3的基本结构、分子功能及近年来该蛋白在乳腺癌中的相关研究进行简要总结。     

细胞因子信号阻抑蛋白SOCS家族

大量实验研究和临床观察资料证明,SOCS蛋白与细胞信号转导和多种重要疾病的发生发展有着密切的关系。同时随着对JAK／STAT通路和单个SOCS蛋白功能研究的深入,SOCS蛋白在辐射导致细胞周期阻滞信号传导以及与细胞DNA损伤和修复机制相关作用机理将成为未来的研究方向之一。近年来随着重离子治癌临床应用的展开,重离子对细胞辐射损伤和修复信号转导可能与SOCS蛋白相关的研究对于重离子的安全应用提供了理论和实验依据。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.