HBV感染免疫状态与HBV基因型关系研究思路

HBV感染免疫状态不同,临床意义不同;HBV基因型不同,导致病毒致病性、变异、抗病毒等临床疗效及预后不同.HBV感染临床意义的不同,是宿主与病毒共同作用的结果.将HBV感染免疫状态与HBV基因型结合在一起研究,探索广西桂北地区不同免疫状态下基因型的分布情况及HBV感染免疫状态与基因型的关系,并希期望能针对宿主免疫状态、病毒特性,为每一位HBV感染患者制订最好的治疗方案.     

乙型肝炎病毒体外感染和复制的细胞模型

慢性乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染是严重威胁人类生命健康的世界性公共卫生问题。基于现有抗HBV药物的治疗策略,仅能在极少部分患者中实现慢性乙肝的功能性治愈。发展更为有效的抗HBV药物,需要更加透彻全面地认识各个病毒组分和关键宿主因子在HBV感染和复制生命周期中发挥的功能和机制,并在此基础上发现鉴定新的治疗靶点。支持HBV体外感染和复制的细胞模型,是研究HBV生活史的重要工具,并在治疗新靶点的发现和候选药物功效评估等研究工作中发挥关键作用。本文对支持HBV感染和复制细胞模型的新近研究进展进行梳理分析,并对这些模型的应用特点和局限性、新近研究进展和未来发展方向进行系统阐述和讨论。     

Vps4：一个有效抑制HBV感染的宿主因子

Vps4属ATP酶AAA家庭成员,其细胞功能包括溶酶体膜转运、蛋白降解和伴侣蛋白样活性等。病毒体出芽和释放必须利用某些宿主细胞成分,Vps4是参与细胞空泡蛋白分选的宿主因子,在此过程中起着重要作用。Vps4显性负相突变体在体外可显著抑制HBV复制和分泌,这可为抗HBV治疗提供新的策略。     

抗乙肝病毒药物研究新进展

慢性病毒性乙型肝炎的根治是完全清除肝脏乙肝病毒,但是目前一线治疗药物恩替卡韦(ETV)和替诺福韦酯(TDF)等不能达到根治的目的。乙肝病毒cccDNA持续潜伏在肝细胞核中,机体的免疫应答也不能将其清除。目前用于治疗乙肝的药物包括核苷(酸)类似物、非核苷(酸)类似物和免疫调节剂,但这些药物均有各自的局限性,因此寻找新的药物作用靶点和研发新型抗乙肝病毒药物显得极为迫切。鉴于近年来乙肝病毒cccDNA和宿主免疫治疗的研究有了突破性进展,本文总结了新型乙肝病毒药物研究和发展现状,并展望了未来靶向病毒和宿主免疫反应的治疗策略。     

非洲猪瘟病毒拮抗宿主cGAS-STING信号通路的研究进展

非洲猪瘟病毒（African swine fever virus,ASFV）拥有多种逃逸宿主免疫应答的策略,造成病毒难以被宿主清除。cGAS-STING信号通路介导的天然免疫在抗ASFV感染中发挥了重要作用,然而病毒编码的多个蛋白靶向该通路中的不同分子以拮抗宿主的I型干扰素应答。利用基因编辑技术敲除这些病毒基因后,ASFV对宿主的致病性降低,成为基因缺失疫苗的研制潜在靶点。本文对目前已知参与调控宿主cGAS-STING信号通路的病毒蛋白进行总结,旨在阐明这些蛋白免疫逃逸cGAS-STING信号通路的分子机制,加深对ASFV免疫逃逸策略的理解,以期为ASFV致病机制研究与疫苗创制提供参考。     

甲基化修饰对病毒潜伏感染的调控作用研究进展

病毒在宿主体内所建立的潜伏感染与肿瘤、免疫性疾病等多种疾病的发生和发展密切相关,并直接导致相关疾病很难被彻底治愈.目前,随着潜伏感染调控机制研究的深入,表观遗传修饰在其中扮演的角色也进一步被发现.而甲基化作为其中最重要,也是研究最详尽的调控方式之一,在病毒潜伏感染的建立和维持中也是不可或缺的.本文将分别对DNA、RNA和组蛋白甲基化在病毒潜伏感染中-的调控作用、靶向甲基化修饰的药物在临床治疗中的应用前景等方面进行综述,以期为抗病毒治疗策略的研究提供参考.     

乙型肝炎病毒C蛋白和X蛋白的修饰及其意义

乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)作为一个外来入侵的病毒可以激发人体的免疫反应,导致人体一系列与HBV感染有关的病理变化与临床表现.HBC和HBX是由HBV基因编码的两种重要蛋白.HBC对病毒基因组的复制和成熟是必不可少的,其蛋白修饰后的产物对病毒在宿主细胞内的组装、成熟和对外分泌中发挥着作用.HBX能与多种蛋白发生相互作用,在HBV的复制中起着不可或缺的作用,也影响着肝细胞癌的形成.现有的对HBC和HBX的磷酸化和泛素化过程的研究,为进一步揭示HBV的致病机制提供了依据,希望最终为乙型肝炎的临床治疗寻找一条新的途径.     

抗乙型肝炎病毒药物评价用实验动物模型现状

乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染严重影响人类的健康,感染HBV的慢性患者可引起肝硬化、肝细胞癌及肝功丧失等病症.开发有效的抗HBV药物,对于其感染的治疗非常关健.HBV具有非常窄的宿主范围,因此选择合适的药物评价用动物模型至关重要,常用的模型动物有鸭、土拔鼠、黑猩猩及近年研究的转基因小鼠等.     

病毒与宿主细胞的糖基化修饰及相关功能

病毒的复制和对宿主的入侵与自身结构蛋白的糖基化修饰密切相关.对于宿主而言,在病毒感染宿主和宿主抗病毒的过程中,宿主的糖基化过程一方面可抑制病毒的复制和入侵,另一方面可促进病毒对宿主的感染,抑制宿主糖苷酶可抑制病毒的复制.从病毒方面来看,由于病毒自身缺乏糖基化修饰系统,病毒的糖基化过程是借宿主细胞内的合成系统对自身进行糖基化修饰.病毒的糖基化过程对病毒蛋白的折叠与稳定、病毒的感染和入侵、参与识别宿主细胞受体和参与病毒的免疫逃逸等过程起着重要的作用.随着糖基化研究技术的发展,以糖基化为基础的功能应用也越来越深入:如新型病毒疫苗和新型抗病毒药物的研制,以糖蛋白质组学研究为基础的质谱技术和生物信息学方法的发展,以及利用糖基化对病毒性疾病的诊断和治疗等,这些均为糖基化深入研究发展奠定了基础.本文就病毒与宿主细胞糖基化过程、相关功能以及研究应用等进展作一综述.     

靶向肿瘤治疗的腺相关病毒载体

靶向性是肿瘤治疗取得成功的关键因素。病毒载体用于治疗肿瘤的过程中必须要求特异性作用于肿瘤细胞的同时降低对正常细胞的毒性。腺相关病毒(adeno-associated virus,AAV)较其他病毒载体具有免疫原性小、宿主范围广和介导基因可长期表达等优点,因此得到了广泛的应用。然而,AAV载体针对肿瘤的靶向性一直是近年研究的热点和难点。现就AAV载体治疗肿瘤的概况和靶向策略以及其安全性等方面作一综述。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.