抗菌肽CM4基因克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的表达鉴定

为了在毕赤酵母中获得抗菌肽CM4表达,将抗菌肽CM4基因克隆入表达质粒pPIC9,SacⅠ线性化的重组表达质粒pPIC9-CM4电击转化P.pastorisGS115(his-),采用MM、MD板和PCR法筛选Mut 表型,甲醇诱导表达;抗菌活性检测、Tricine-SDS-PAGE及酸性活性电泳均表明抗菌肽CM4在毕赤酵母中成功地分泌表达;重组抗菌肽CM4对黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride)都有很强的抑菌活性。     

抗菌肽牛乳铁多肽素（LfcinB）在毕赤酵母中的表达及活性鉴定

利用巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichia pastors)系统表达抗菌肽——牛乳铁多肽素(bovine lactoferricin,简称Lf-cinB),获得的分泌型表达产物具有较强的抗菌活性。首先将人工合成的LfcinB基因片段克隆到巴斯德毕赤酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9K中,获得的重组质粒pPIC9K-LfcinB通过限制性内切酶SalⅠ酶切线性化,经电穿孔法转化入毕赤酵母细胞SMD1168内。G418抗性筛选,得到高拷贝转化子,经PCR检测LfcinB基因与毕赤酵母染色体稳定整合。阳性克隆经甲醇诱导表达LfcinB。结果表明,抗菌肽牛乳铁多肽素基因已经整合到酵母细胞基因组中并获得表达,表达产物具有较强的杀菌作用。     

猪β防御素1基因在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

PBD-1是猪防御系统起重要作用的抗菌小肽,为实现其在毕赤酵母中的表达,根据已发表的猪β防御素1(PBD-1)氨基酸序列和酵母偏好密码子,用PCR方法获得PBD-1基因,克隆到分泌型表达载体pPIC9K信号序列α因子之后,构建重组表达质粒pPIC9K-PBD-1,用SalⅠ将其线性化后转化毕赤酵母SMD1168,采用PCR法筛选Mut 表型,在AOX1启动子调控下,分子量约4.5kD的PBD-1抗菌肽得到表达。抗菌特性研究表明,该表达产物对金黄色葡萄球菌有较好的抑菌活性。首次在毕赤酵母表达系统中实现了PBD-1的分泌表达。     

猪PR-39抗菌肽基因在毕赤酵母中的表达

[目的]在毕赤酵母中表达抗菌肽PR-39基因,获得有抗菌活性的PR-39。[方法]根据酵母和猪密码子偏好性,对其密码子进行优化改造。将经SOE-PCR获得的PR-39基因与毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K连接,构建重组载体pPIC9K-PR-39。经SacⅠ线性化电击转化毕赤酵母GS115,取阳性克隆进行髙拷贝转化子筛选和诱导表达。[结果]pPIC9K-PR-39重组质粒构建成功,pPIC9K-PR-39菌株发酵产物检测结果对DH5α大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌都有抑菌效果。[结论]获得了PR-39基因的重组酵母,并用毕赤酵母系统成功地分泌表达了具有明显抗菌活性的抗菌肽PR-39。     

新疆家蚕抗菌肽在毕赤酵母中表达及活性研究

目的:在毕赤酵母中表达新疆家蚕抗菌肽基因(Cecropin-XJ)并检测其活性.方法:根据作者实验室已克隆获得的新疆家蚕抗菌肽(Cecropin-XJ)基因设计引物,通过PCR方法扩增Cecropin-XJ,将PCR产物和表达载体pPIC9K用EcoR Ⅰ及Not Ⅰ双酶切,构建重组表达质粒pPIC9K-(Cecropin-XJ),酶切及测序正确后,电转化到毕赤酵母GS115,对分泌表达的重组蛋白进行活性检测.结果:PCR扩增获得192 bp Cecropin-XJ,成功构建pPIC9K-Cecropin-XJ,优化诱导条件证明在pH 6的BMMY培养液中,0.5%甲醇诱导约48h后,获得的表达产物活性较强,对多种革兰氏阴性菌和阳性菌具有抗菌活性,在100℃条件下,其活性可维持100min以上.结论:新疆家蚕抗菌肽在毕赤酵母中分泌表达,为大规模发酵生产奠定了基础.     

重组人载脂蛋白C-I在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达及鉴定

目的:在毕赤酵母中高效分泌表达与天然人载脂蛋白C-I具有相同结构和活性的重组人载脂蛋白C-I( rhApoC-I).方法:RT-PCR法自人肝组织调取编码人ApoC-I的cDNA,构建真核分泌型表达载体pPICZα/hApoC-I.重组质粒线性化后转化毕赤酵母感受态细胞,甲醇诱导表达,建立rhApoC-I的毕赤酵母表达体系.对rhApoC-I进行Western blot分析和体外活性研究.结果:经PCR法克隆的hApoC-I cDNA序列与GenBank登录序列一致.SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析均在分子量约6.6kDa出现特异性条带,2L发酵条件下表达量达到80mg/L.结论:首次在毕赤酵母菌中高效分泌表达rhApoC-I,并确定其具有抑制血小板衍生生长因子诱导的平滑肌细胞增殖的抑制作用,为进一步研究其结构与功能提供物质基础.     

抗菌肽牛乳铁蛋白肽衍生肽在毕赤酵母中的表达及活性鉴定

利用巴斯德毕赤酵母系统表达抗菌肽牛乳铁蛋白肽衍生肽简称LfcinBD,获得的表达产物具有较强的抗菌活性.将人工设计的用化学合成法合成的以酵母偏爱密码子编码的LfcinBD基因片段克隆到巴斯德毕赤酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9K中,获得的重组质粒pPIC9K-LfcinBD通过限制性内切酶Sac Ⅰ酶切线性化,电击法转化毕赤酵母GS115宿主菌,G418抗性筛选,得到高拷贝转化子.经PCR检测,LfcinBD基因与毕赤酵母染色体稳定整合.阳性克隆经甲醇诱导表达LfcinBD,诱导表达5 d,每24 h取上清1 mL,进行抑菌试验.结果表明,抗菌肽牛乳铁多肽衍生肽基因已整合到酵母细胞基因组中并获得表达,经0.5%甲醇在30℃诱导48 h可产生较强抗菌活性的抗菌肽,而且对氨苄青霉素抗性的大肠杆菌亦有较强的抑菌作用.     

融合抗菌肽基因在重组毕赤酵母的表达及体外活性研究

目的:在毕赤酵母SMD1168中表达融合抗菌肽,并检测其体外抑菌活性。方法:本实验从实验室先前构建的重组质粒pVAX1-RHKJT中克隆出已构建好的融合抗菌肽RHKJT基因片段,将RHKJT基因片段插入至pGAPZaA真核表达质粒中,通过PCR和测序验证,构建pGAPZα-RHKJT重组真核表达质粒,将线性化的pGAPZα-RHKJT电转化至毕赤酵母SMD1168中获得重组酵母SMDp G-RHKJT,并通过PCR和RT-PCR验证,对重组毕赤酵母SMDpG-RHKJT进行发酵,并收集发酵上清液进行体外生物活性测定。结果:成功获得重组酵母SMDpG-RHKJT菌株,重组酵母发酵上清液对大肠杆菌标准菌、大肠杆菌耐药菌、沙门氏菌标准菌、金黄色葡萄球菌标准菌、金黄色葡萄球菌耐药菌、肺炎链球菌标准菌均具有显著的抑菌活性。结论:重组酵母表达的融合抗菌肽具有较广的抗菌谱和较高的抑菌活性,具有良好的潜在应用前景。     

家蝇抗菌肽Defensin在毕赤酵母中的表达及活性鉴定

拟通过酵母系统表达家蝇抗菌肽Defensin基因,并初步鉴定其抗菌活性。采用限制性内切酶SacⅠ将分泌型重组表达质粒pPIC9K/Defensin线性化后,运用氯化锂转化法将其转入巴斯德毕赤酵母GS115中,行G418加压筛选和PCR鉴定;所得阳性转化子转至摇瓶,28℃条件下0.5%甲醇诱导表达,连续诱导培养4 d后,上清液进行Tricine-SDS-PAGE检测表达效果,并采用琼脂糖孔穴扩散法检测表达产物对大肠杆菌E.coliK12D31的抑制作用。结果显示,家蝇抗菌肽Defensin在毕赤酵母中得到了成功表达,表达产物对大肠杆菌E.coliK12D31的生长有抑制作用。说明酵母系统适合抗菌肽的表达。     

人Tumstatin在毕赤酵母中的表达和活性分析

利用PCR技术从重组质粒pET-3c-tum中扩增人tumstatin的cDNA片段,连入pPICZαA酵母表达载体,获得的重组质粒pPICZα-tum电激法转化毕赤酵母GS115。经表型鉴定、诱导表达筛选,得到可分泌表达人tumstatin的重组酵母转化子,表达蛋白质的相对分子量约30kD,表达量约25mg/L。表达上清经超滤浓缩和离子交换法初步纯化,所得产物具有免疫活性,能够抑制内皮细胞增殖,诱导其发生细胞凋亡,并能抑制鸡胚尿囊膜血管生成。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various