利用乳酸乳球菌AcmA表面展示b-1, 3-1, 4-葡聚糖酶

采用PCR扩增乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)MB191菌株的全长肽聚糖水解酶基因acmA, 通过C-末端融合构建了与绿色荧光基因gfp的融合基因acmA-gfp, 再连接于表达载体pMG36k上后得到可组成型表达AcmA-GFP融合蛋白的重组质粒pMB137, 然后将该质粒电转化导入到乳酸乳球菌AS1.2829中获得重组菌MB137。经SDS-PAGE检测, 重组菌MB137可表达预期的分子量约74 kD的蛋白质。Western blotting、细胞分级分离组分的荧光活性测定和特异GFP二抗标记的流式细胞仪检测证实GFP被成功锚定在重组菌细胞表面, 被锚定蛋白约占总表达融合蛋白的35%。进一步通过从枯草芽胞杆菌BF7658基因组中扩增去信号肽序列的b-1, 3-1, 4葡聚糖酶基因gls, 来取代pMB137中的gfp, 得到携带融合基因acmA-gls的重组质粒pMB138, 经导入到乳酸乳球菌AS1.2829后得到重组菌MB138, 其全细胞b-1, 3-1, 4-葡聚糖水解酶的活性约为12 U/mL菌液, 明显高于对照菌株。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶的高效表达

目的:克隆解淀粉芽孢杆菌β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶基因(bglA)使其在解淀粉芽孢杆菌CICIM B4081中高效表达,并对重组酶进行酶学性质研究.方法:以解淀粉芽孢杆菌(CICIM B4801)染色体DNA为模板,经过PCR扩增得到了大小约为0.8kb的β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶基因(bglA),构建了重组表达质粒pQ-bglA,通过电转化的方法将其转化人解淀粉芽孢杆菌(CICIM B4801)中.结果:得到了能高效表达β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶的重组解淀粉芽孢杆菌.在250mL摇瓶条件下,重组菌分解地衣多糖的胞外最高酶活达到了1515.7U/mL,重组酶的最适作用温度为55℃,最适反应pH值为6.5.结论:重组菌的β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶的酶活为原始菌株的11.84倍,实现了bglA基因在解淀粉芽孢杆菌中的高效表达.     

淀粉液化芽孢杆菌b-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶基因的克隆及表达的优化

为了比较不同的表达系统对β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶基因(bgl)的效果,本研究将高产β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶的淀粉液化芽孢杆菌Bacillus amylolique faciens BS5582的bgl基因(GenBank Accession No.EU623974)克隆到3种不同的质粒载体中,即构建pEGX-4T-1-bgl、pET20b(+)-bgl和pET28a(+)-bgl重组质粒。比较了pEGX-4T-1-bgl在不同Escherichiacoli宿主中表达效果,以及pET20b(+)-bgl和pET28a(+)-bgl在E.coliBL21(DE3)中的表达效果。结果表明,E.coliBL21(DE3)-pET28a(+)-bgl能够表达最高的重组β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶酶活,其总酶活可达(322.0±8.8)U/mL,是出发菌在最适摇瓶发酵条件下产酶活的40.1%。对该重组菌的产酶条件进行了分析,结合IPTG和乳糖协同的诱导作用,在基础产酶培养基中产最高总酶活为(1883.3±45.8)U/mL,表明其具有良好的工业应用价值。     

淀粉液化芽孢杆菌β1-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶基因的克隆及表达

为了比较不同的表达系统对β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶基因(bgl)的效果,本研究将高产β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶的淀粉液化芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BS5582的bgl基因(GenBank Accession No.EU623974)克隆到3种不同的质粒载体中,即构建pEGX-4T-1-bgl、pET20b(+)-bgl和pET28a(+)-bgl重组质粒.比较了pEGX-4T-1-bgl,在不同Escherichia coli宿主中表达效果,以及pET20b(+)-bgl和pET28a(+)-bgl在E coli BL21(DE3)中的表达效果.结果表明,E. coli BL21(DE3)-pET28a(+)-bgl能够表达最高的重组β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶酶活,其总酶活可达(322.0±8.8)U/mL,是出发菌在最适摇瓶发酵条件下产酶活的40.1%.对该重组菌的产酶条件进行了分析,结合IPTG和乳糖协同的诱导作用,在基础产酶培养基中产最高总酶活为(1883.3±45.8)U/mL,表明其具有良好的工业应用价值.     

利用N-乙酰葡糖胺糖苷酶在乳酸乳球菌表面展示超氧化物歧化酶

分别将乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)N-乙酰葡糖胺糖苷酶基因(acmA)的信号肽序列(ss)、C-末端结构域(cA)及全长基因,与来自大肠杆菌(Escherichiacoli)的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)基因sod构建成融合基因ss-cA-sod和acmA-sod,并连接于表达载体pMG36K,然后导入乳酸乳球菌ATCC11454菌株,获得了能在细胞表面展示SOD的重组工程菌MB193和MB194。经SDS-PAGE验证,重组菌MB193和MB194可分别表达产生分子量约为46和64kD的融合酶蛋白cA-SOD和AcmA-SOD。通过黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定MB193和MB194菌株的全细胞Mn-SOD酶活力分别为(2.63±0.51)U/mL和(3.51±0.64)U/mL,明显高于仅在细胞内表达产生SOD的对照重组菌MB192的酶活性(1.53±0.38)U/mL,且表达融合酶AcmA-SOD的重组菌MB194具有最大的表面展示效率(56.4%)。     

枯草芽孢杆菌SC2-4-1葡聚糖酶基因gluB的克隆及序列分析

β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶活性检测结果表明,从辣椒根际筛选的拮抗菌枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)SC2-4-1能产生β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶.以菌株SC2-4-1的基因组DNA为模板,用PCR方法克隆了该菌的葡聚糖酶基因gluB,其开放阅读框为711bp,编码237个氨基酸.Blast分析,该序列与已报道的多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)ATCC 842的β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶基因gluB相似性为85%.所得基因序列的系统发育分析显示,该基因属于β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶基因.DNAMAN软件比对,所得葡聚糖酶氨基酸序列具有催化裂解β-1,3-和β-1,4-糖苷键的葡聚糖酶活性位点.     

细菌编码β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶催化活性优化方法

β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶是一类专一降解β-葡聚糖的内切水解酶。高效β-葡聚糖酶在啤酒酿造工业上具有十分重要的应用价值。目前,研究较多的β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶主要来源于细菌。文中概述了细菌编码β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶的分子生物学性质,并且从蛋白分子改造、表达调控和发酵条件优化三方面阐述了其催化活性提高的方法和成果。     

β-1,3-1,4葡聚糖酶基因克隆表达及其抗菌活性与机理研究进展

β-1,3．1,4-葡聚糖酶是一类能水解β-1,3．糖苷键和β-1,4-糖苷键的酶,因其主要分解大麦中的β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖和细菌地衣多糖,所以又称地衣多糖酶。综述了β-1,3．1,4-葡聚糖酶基因的克隆表达及其抗菌活性与机理最新研究进展。     

枯草芽孢杆菌β-1，3-1，4-葡聚糖酶基因(bglS) 在酵母菌中的克隆与表达

将大肠杆菌质粒pFG1中含枯草芽胞杆菌卢β-1,3—1,4-葡聚糖酶基因(bglS)的2.7kb EcoRI片段克隆到大肠杆菌,酵母菌穿梭质粒上组建成杂种质粒YCSH,转化S.cerevisiae并得到表达。两种不同方向的插入子(YCSH 1和YCSH 5)在酵母菌中表达出的β-1,3-1,4葡聚糖酶活性相差2．3倍。根据酶作用底物专一性测定和酶反应的最适pH分析表明：YCSH中bglS基因产物与出发菌株B．Subtilis 1．88的基本酶学特性完全相同,但YCSH中bglS基因在酶母中的表达水平远比大肠杆菌中低     

利用盘基网柄菌表达可溶性人Fas配体

用PCR扩增从激活的人中性粒细胞中得到的编码可溶性Fas配体胞外区中第141个到第281个氨基酸的cDNA ,将其与hCG-β信号肽片段融合到质粒MB12neo中,随后导入到盘基网柄菌AX3细胞中,得到分泌性表达hFasL的重组菌AX3-H3。为提高shFasL的表达量,对质粒pMB12neo作了改造,得到衍生质粒pMB74。利用质粒pMB74克隆表达shFasL ,得到高通量表达shFasL的重组菌AX3_pLu8。在复杂培养基HL_5C中,重组菌的细胞密度可达(1.5～2 )×10⁷ mL ,AX3-H3及AX3_pLu8分泌的shFasL浓度分别为23.5 μg/L及206μg/L。利用合成培养基SIH培养重组菌AX3-H3及AX3-pLu8,细胞密度均达到(4～5)×10⁷m/L ,shFasL浓度则分别达到111μg/L和420μg/L。     

重组乳酸乳球菌表达禽流感病毒HA1基因载体的构建及在禽流感病毒防治领域的应用

目的构建以重组乳酸乳球菌为基础的黏膜输送载体。方法以高致病性禽流感病毒H5N1的HA1基因作为研究对象,利用nisin诱导表达控制系统,构建分泌型与非分泌型重组乳酸乳球菌表达载体,经口服灌胃途径免疫BALB/c小鼠,通过ELISA检测小鼠血清IgG和粪便IgA,最后,对免疫后的小鼠进行H5N1病毒攻击实验,进而比较分泌型与非分泌型重组乳酸乳球菌表达载体的免疫效率。结果分泌型重组乳酸乳球菌免疫小鼠后产生的抗体水平（IgG和IgA）高于非分泌型重组乳酸乳球菌,经过同型H5N1病毒攻击后,分泌型重组乳酸乳球菌免疫的小鼠的存活率为80%,而非分泌型重组乳酸乳球菌免疫的小鼠的存活率为60%。结论本研究为防治高致病性禽流感病毒提供可行的思路与方法。     

Expression of six peptidases from Lactobacillus helveticus in Lactococcus lactis

For development of novel starter strains with improved proteolytic properties, the ability of Lactococcus lactis to produce Lactobacillus helveticus aminopeptidase N (PepN), aminopeptidase C (PepC), X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase (PepX), proline iminopeptidase (PepI), prolinase (PepR), and dipeptidase (PepD) was studied by introducing the genes encoding these enzymes into L. lactis MG1363 and its derivatives. According to Northern analyses and enzyme activity measurements, the L. helveticus aminopeptidase genes pepN, pepC, and pepX are expressed under the control of their own promoters in L. lactis. The highest expression level, using a low-copy-number vector, was obtained with the L. helveticus pepN gene, which resulted in a 25-fold increase in PepN activity compared to that of wild-type L. lactis. The L. helveticus pepI gene, residing as a third gene in an operon in its host, was expressed in L. lactis under the control of the L. helveticus pepX promoter. The genetic background of the L. lactis derivatives tested did not affect the expression level of any of the L. helveticus peptidases studied. However, the growth medium used affected both the recombinant peptidase profiles in transformant strains and the resident peptidase activities. The levels of expression of the L. helveticus pepD and pepR clones under the control of their own promoters were below the detection limit in L. lactis. However, substantial amounts of recombinant pepD and PepR activities were obtained in L. lactis when pepD and pepR were expressed under the control of the inducible lactococcal nisA promoter at an optimized nisin concentration.     

Development of an antibiotic-free plasmid selection system based on thymine auxotrophy in Lactococcus lactis

Lactococcus lactis has become the best studied species of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) clade and an ideal cell factory for heterogenous proteins. We have constructed an antibiotic-free expression vector, pMG-thyA, using thymidine synthase gene thyA as the selection marker. The thyA gene was cloned from the food industry strain Streptococcus thermophilus St-JY and was used to replace the erythromycin resistance genes on L. lactis expression vector pMG36e in order to construct pMG-thyA. The construction of the new vector and thyA-null host L. lactis MG1363-TT yielded an antibiotic-free expression system. The α-amylase gene (amy) was cloned onto the multiple cloning site of the vector pMG-thyA as a reporter gene, yielding the recombinant plasmid pMGthyA-amy. This plasmid was electroporated into L. lactis MG1363-TT, and the recombinant strain grown on SA plates containing 0.5 % (w/v) soluble starch formed distinct bacterial colonies and clear zones (halo) around the colonies following the addition of iodine solution. These research findings lay the foundation for food-grade expression in L. lactis.     

Cloning and expression of the Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris SK11 gene encoding an extracellular serine proteinase

The Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris SK11 plasmid-located prtP gene, encoding a cell-envelope-located proteinase (PrtP) that degrades alpha s1-, beta- and kappa-casein, was identified in a lambda EMBL3 gene library in Escherichia coli using immunological methods. The complete prtP gene could not be cloned in E. coli and L. lactis on high-copy-number plasmid vectors. However, using a low-copy-number vector, the complete prtP gene could be cloned in strains MG1363 and SK1128, proteinase-deficient derivatives of L. lactis subsp. lactis 712 and L. lactis subsp. cremoris SK11, respectively. The proteinase deficiency of these hosts was complemented to wild-type (wt) levels by the cloned SK11 prtP gene. The caseinolytic specificity of the proteinase specified by the cloned prtP gene was identical to that encoded by the wt proteinase plasmid, pSK111. The expression of recombinant plasmids containing 3' and 5' deletions of prtP was analyzed with specific attention directed towards the location of the gene products. In this way the expression signals of prtP were localized and overproduction was obtained in L. lactis subsp. lactis. Furthermore, a region at the C terminus of PrtP was identified which is involved in cell-envelope attachment in lactococci. A deletion derivative of prtP was constructed which specifies a C-terminally truncated proteinase that is well expressed and fully secreted into the medium, and still shows the same capacity to degrade alpha s1-, beta- and kappa-casein.     

Regulation and Adaptive Evolution of Lactose Operon Expression in Lactobacillus delbrueckii

Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis are both used in the dairy industry as homofermentative lactic acid bacteria in the production of fermented milk products. After selective pressure for the fast fermentation of milk in the manufacture of yogurts, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus loses its ability to regulate lac operon expression. A series of mutations led to the constitutive expression of the lac genes. A complex of insertion sequence (IS) elements (ISL4 inside ISL5), inserted at the border of the lac promoter, induced the loss of the palindromic structure of one of the operators likely involved in the binding of regulatory factors. A lac repressor gene was discovered downstream of the beta-galactosidase gene of L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis and was shown to be inactivated by several mutations in L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. Regulatory mechanisms of the lac gene expression of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis were compared by heterologous expression in Lactococcus lactis of the two lac promoters in front of a reporter gene (beta-glucuronidase) in the presence or absence of the lac repressor gene. Insertion of the complex of IS elements in the lac promoter of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus increased the promoter's activity but did not prevent repressor binding; rather, it increased the affinity of the repressor for the promoter. Inactivation of the lac repressor by mutations was then necessary to induce the constitutive expression of the lac genes in L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus.     

Use of the alr gene as a food-grade selection marker in lactic acid bacteria

Both Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus plantarum contain a single alr gene, encoding an alanine racemase (EC 5.1.1.1), which catalyzes the interconversion of D-alanine and L-alanine. The alr genes of these lactic acid bacteria were investigated for their application as food-grade selection markers in a heterologous complementation approach. Since isogenic mutants of both species carrying an alr deletion (Deltaalr) showed auxotrophy for D-alanine, plasmids carrying a heterologous alr were constructed and could be selected, since they complemented D-alanine auxotrophy in the L. plantarum Deltaalr and L. lactis Deltaalr strains. Selection was found to be highly stringent, and plasmids were stably maintained over 200 generations of culturing. Moreover, the plasmids carrying the heterologous alr genes could be stably maintained in wild-type strains of L. plantarum and L. lactis by selection for resistance to D-cycloserine, a competitive inhibitor of Alr (600 and 200 micro g/ml, respectively). In addition, a plasmid carrying the L. plantarum alr gene under control of the regulated nisA promoter was constructed to demonstrate that D-cycloserine resistance of L. lactis is linearly correlated to the alr expression level. Finally, the L. lactis alr gene controlled by the nisA promoter, together with the nisin-regulatory genes nisRK, were integrated into the chromosome of L. plantarum Deltaalr. The resulting strain could grow in the absence of D-alanine only when expression of the alr gene was induced with nisin.     

Structure and expression of the Lactococcus lactis gene for phospho-beta-galactosidase (lacG) in Escherichia coli and L. lactis

The Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis 712 lacG gene encoding phospho-beta-galactosidase was isolated from the lactose mini-plasmid pMG820 and cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and L. lactis. The low phospho-beta-galactosidase activity in L. lactis transformed with high-copy-number plasmids containing the lacG gene contrasted with the high activity found in L. lactis containing the original, low-copy-number lactose plasmid pMG820, and indicated that the original lactose promoter was absent from the cloned DNA. In E. coli the phospho-beta-galactosidase could be overproduced using the strong inducible lambda PL promoter, which allowed a rapid purification of the active enzyme. The complete nucleotide sequence of the L. lactis lacG gene and its surrounding regions was determined. The deduced amino acid sequence was confirmed by comparison with the amino acid composition of the purified phospho-beta-galactosidase and its amino-terminal sequence. This also allowed the exact positioning of the lacG gene and identification of its characteristic Gram-positive translation initiation signals. The homologous expression data and the sequence organization of the L. lactis lacG gene indicate that the gene is organized into a large lactose operon which contains an intergenic promoter located in an inverted repeat immediately preceding the lacG gene. The organization and sequence of the L. lactis lacG gene were compared with those of the highly homologous lacG gene from Staphylococcus aureus. A remarkable bias for leucine codons was observed in the lacG genes of these two species. Heterogramic homology was observed between the deduced amino acid sequence of the L. lactis phospho-beta-galactosidase, that of the functionally analogous E. coli phospho-beta-glucosidase, and that of an Agrobacterium beta-glucosidase (cellobiase).     

Gene expression in Lactococcus lactis

Abstract Lactic acid bacteria are of major economic importance, as they occupy a key position in the manufacture of fermented foods. A considerable body of research is currently being devoted to the development of lactic acid bacterial strains with improved characteristics, that may be used to make fermentations pass of more efficiently, or to make new applications possible. Therefore, and because the lactococci are designated 'GRAS' organisms ('generally recognized as safe') which may be used for safe production of foreign proteins, detailed knowledge of homologous and heterologous gene expression in these organisms is desired. An overview is given of our current knowledge concerning gene expression in Lactococcus lactis . A general picture of gene expression signals in L. lactis emerges that shows considerable similarity to those observed in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis . This feature allowed the expression of a number of L. lactis -derived genes in the latter bacterial species. Several studies have indicated, however, that in spite of the similarities, the expression signals from E. coli, B. subtilis and L. lactis are not equally efficient in these three organisms.     

腺苷酸脱氨酶在乳酸克鲁维酵母中构建表达

【目的】实现鼠灰链霉菌来源经密码子优化后的腺苷酸脱氨酶基因在乳酸克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces lactis GG799)中组成型表达。【方法】以鼠灰链霉菌(Streptomyces murinus)来源的腺苷酸脱氨酶(AMP)基因经密码子优化后作为模板,设计特异性引物,PCR扩增AMP脱氨酶基因opt-AMPD,以p KLAC1为载体构建重组表达质粒p KLAC1-opt-AMPD,经Sac II线性化后电转化法转入K.lactis GG799,筛选得到重组菌株,测定酶活,经His TrapTM HP纯化后得到AMP脱氨酶,并优化重组菌的发酵培养基。【结果】对AMP脱氨酶基因进行了密码子优化后,构建了重组K.lactis GG799/p KLAC1-opt-AMPD,实现组成型表达,密码子优化后AMP脱氨酶酶活提高到586±50 U/m L。SDS-PAGE结果显示,纯化后的AMP脱氨酶为单一条带,蛋白大小约为60 k D。优化的发酵培养基为(g/L):葡萄糖40、蛋白胨20、酵母粉15、Na Cl 8、KCl 10、Mg SO4 2,30°C、200 r/min发酵120 h,酶活达到2 100±60 U/m L。【结论】实现了密码子优化后的腺苷酸脱氨酶基因在乳酸克鲁维酵母GG799内的组成型表达,为实现腺苷酸脱氨酶的重组高效表达和发酵生产进行了有益探索。