蛇腐皮病的病原特性及其防治方法的研究

目的：对广西驯养珍稀蛇类腐皮病病原菌的特性进行研究,并对疾病有效的防治措施进行探索。方法：对蛇类腐皮病的5种主要病原菌进行药敏感试验,小白鼠接种试验、本动物回归试验,常用消毒剂的体外杀菌试验,以及对蛇场采场的综合性防治措施。结果：药敏试验表明：除绿脓杆菌外,其它蛇类腐皮病病原菌均对头孢唑啉有高度的敏感,对丁胺卡那霉素,10株菌均有不同程度的敏感,小白鼠接种试验表明：接种后24h内,变形杆菌、绿脓杆菌和腐败假单胞杆菌对小白鼠致死率为100％（各为4／4）,雷极普鲁威登斯菌致死率为25％（1／4）,金黄色葡萄球菌致死率为0％（0／4）;本动物回归试验表明：5种主要病原菌在皮肤创口接种后20天内,均可诱发腐皮病,从皮肤化脓灶及尾血均分别分离到接种菌;常用消毒剂体外抑菌试验表明,百毒杀、来苏儿、新洁尔灭对10株细菌的杀菌率均在99．9％以上,特别是百毒杀低浓度下杀菌效果尤为明显;蛇场采取综合性防治措施后,蛇腐皮病发病率由20％减少到10％以下,死亡率由10％减少到5％以下。结论：本研究的结果证明,蛇腐皮病的主要病原是变形杆菌、绿脓杆菌、腐败假单胞菌、协极普鲁威登斯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌;5种病原菌的抗药性均比较强,仅对丁胺卡那霉素、头孢唑啉有广泛的敏感性,丁胺卡那霉素、头孢唑啉为治疗蛇腐皮病的首选药物。百毒杀、来苏儿、新洁尔可作为防治蛇腐皮病的消毒剂。此外还需要采用取综合性措施才能有效地控制蛇腐皮病的发生及危害。     

蛇急性呼吸道感染的病原分离鉴定及其控制

目的 为明确广西驯养蛇急性呼吸道感染的病因,并制定有效的防治措施。方法 对患急性呼吸道感染而发病、死亡的驯养蛇２７条进行病原菌的分离与鉴定,并从流行病学方面对病原的感染以及蛇发病的条件和因素进行研究。结果 我们发现,变形杆菌属的普通变形杆菌（Ｐ．ｖｕｌｇａｒｉｓ）和奇异变形杆菌（Ｐ．ｍｉｒａｂｉｌｉｓ）是主要的病原菌（占５１．９％）,其余的５种细菌分别占３．７％￣７．４％不等。分离株所做的药物敏感     

江西药用蛇类资源及养殖现状调查研究

目的调查江西药用蛇类资源的种类、分布及养殖企业的现状,提出药用蛇类资源保护及利用建议。方法根据江西蛇类资源文献的整理和药材市场的调查,研究江西药用蛇类的种类和分布;通过走访调查以及野生动物管理部门驯养繁殖资料的整理,了解江西养殖药用蛇类企业的养殖现状。结果江西全省分布有蛇类69种,其中31种具有药用价值,养殖较为广泛的有乌梢蛇(Zaocys dhumnades)、银环蛇(Bungarus multicinctus)、尖吻蝮(Deinagkistrodon acutus)、王锦蛇(Elaphe carinata)和滑鼠蛇(Ptyas mucosus)等,药用蛇类养殖企业有38家,养殖的药用蛇类种类达12种。结论江西药用蛇类资源分布广泛,药用蛇类养殖企业驯养繁殖技术滞后,建议加强药用蛇类的野外资源保护、驯养繁殖及综合利用的研究。     

蛇园中蛇房假山一体化结构的设计

蛇是有多种经济用途的野生动物，近年来市场需求量越来越大，捕捉野生蛇类受到资源的限制，驯养蛇类已成为快速致富的重要途径。蛇类驯养成功的关键在于蛇园的拟态程度。目前我国多采用蛇房与蛇园分离的结构，这种结构虽然便于蛇类捕捉，但增加了投资，且与野生蛇类的生境结构有较大差别，不利于蛇的驯养。我们设计蛇房假山一体化结构的蛇园，很好地解决了上述问题，现介绍如下。１　蛇房假山一体化结构　　蛇房假山一体化是将蛇房与假山建在一起。蛇房建在园内蛇的活动区，内部建造成蛇窝供蛇避暑、冬眠、休息及藏身。蛇房的外围堆垫土层，…     

钝头蛇类系统学研究进展

钝头蛇类不同类群在外形、色斑及鳞被特征上有很高的相似度,关于其种属划分长期以来一直存在争议。本文根据已有文献资料及笔者自己的研究成果,主要从形态学和分子系统学方面叙述了钝头蛇类分类学的研究进展,从属以上、属级以及种级分类阶元叙述其研究历史及成果,主要进展如下:1整个亚洲食螺蛇类(钝头蛇类)构成一个科,即钝头蛇科(Pareatidae),而非隶属于游蛇科(Colubridae)的钝头蛇亚科(Pareatinae);2单楯蛇属(Aplopeltura)和弱钝头蛇属(Asthenodipsas)为有效属,最大的钝头蛇属(Pareas)理论上可进一步分为两个属,但需要更充分的分子系统学与形态学资料验证;3分子系统学研究结果提示台湾钝头蛇(P.formosensis)与中国钝头蛇(P.chinensis)不构成单系,应恢复后者的有效性;4综合分类学研究恢复了Asthenodipsas tropidonotus的有效性,并设立新种A.lasgalenensis。本文同时提出了钝头蛇类分类学研究中存在的主要问题,即中国钝头蛇种组(Pareas chinensis species group)的内部分类关系需进一步厘定。     

亚洲蝮亚科蛇属间系统发生支序分析 (蛇亚目：蝰科)

在大量比较形态研究的基础上,选择了５个特征方面２８个性状,以支序分析方法探讨了分布于亚洲蝮亚科蛇５属１４种的系统发生关系,结果表明：该亚科蛇类可以划分为３个不同的类群,第一个类群包括尖吻蝮属、瘤鼻蝮属、红口腹属,它们具有较多的祖征,代表了该科中原始一类,基中红口蝮可能是最原始的一属;亚洲蝮属单独形成一个类群;第三个类群为原广义的烙铁头蛇属,包括竹叶青蛇属、原矛蝮属、烙铁头蛇属、黑绿烙铁头蛇属、莽山     

几种游蛇的Cytb基因片段序列分析及其演化关系

分别从蛇类药材和冷冻保存的新鲜蛇类肌内标本中提取ＤＮＡ,经ＰＣＲ扩增出１２种蛇共２５个样品的Ｃｙｔｂ基因片段,并用银染测序的方法对ＤＮＡ序列进行了分析。在此基础上用ＭＥＧＡ软件重建的系统发生树表明,研究的１１种游蛇科蛇类可以分为３组;第一级来赤链蛇和水赤链游蛇,第二组为乌梢蛇和灰鼠蛇,第三组为锦蛇属的蛇,它们与第二组较近,锦蛇属是一高芳分化的属,该组至少可分为两类,一类包括百花锦蛇和黑眉锦蛇,另一     

浅谈蛇场的工作经验

要使养殖的蛇类长势快、繁殖迅速、成活率高，就不能对早期预防过于马虎，只有提前搞好蛇类预防，才能杜绝蛇病的发生和蔓延。综合起来应注意下列几个方面：１重视蛇场的清洁卫生经常打扫，搞好蛇场卫生，及时清除蛇粪和残食，收拾好蛇蜕，以便出售。让蛇生存在一个安乐、...     

几种游蛇的Cyt b基因片段序列分析及其演化关系

分别从蛇类药材和冷冻保存的新鲜蛇类肌肉标本中提取DNA,经PCR扩增出12种蛇共25个样品的Cyt b基因片段,并用银染测序的方法对DNA序列进行了分析.在此基础上用MEGA软件重建的系统发生树表明,研究的11种游蛇科蛇类可以分为3组:第一组为赤链蛇和水赤链游蛇,第二组为乌梢蛇和灰鼠蛇,第三组为锦蛇属的蛇,它们与第二组较近.锦蛇属是一高度分化的属,该组至少可分为两类,一类包括百花锦蛇和黑眉锦蛇;另一类包括玉斑锦蛇、棕黑锦蛇、红点锦蛇、王锦蛇和双斑锦蛇.后一类还可进一步分为3个亚组,玉斑锦蛇和棕黑锦蛇为第一亚组,红点锦蛇单独为第二亚组,王锦蛇和双斑锦蛇为第三亚组.本研究结果还表明,多年保存的陈旧药材标本可以用DNA序列分析的方法对其进行分子系统演化关系的研究.     

蛇志2001年第13卷总目次

第 1期 (2 0 0 1年 3月 )有用微生物提取物 (EM- X)对果蝇和小白鼠的抗老化作用柯　彬 ,比嘉照夫 ,钟正贤 ,等 (1 )……………广西驯养蛇类腐皮病病因调查的研究曾维铭 ,韦　平 ,周维官 ,等 (9)………………………………………广西眼镜王蛇毒酸性磷脂酶 A2 的肌毒性研究王秋雁 ,庄茂辛 ,林文珍 ,等 (1 2 )……………………………蕲蛇酶的中性己糖及唾液酸的含量测定王志红 ,刘广芬 ,王晴川 (1 5 )………………………………………中华眼镜蛇伤致局部组织损伤治疗的实验研究李景新 ,唐荣德 ,蒋三员 ,等 (1 7)……………………………蛇骨粉中…     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).