微生态制剂对缺血性结肠炎大鼠肠道微生物和血脂的影响

目的 探讨微生态制剂对缺血性结肠炎大鼠肠道微生物和血脂的影响.方法 将30只SD大鼠制成缺血性结肠炎模型,并随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组和治疗组.正常对照组、模型对照组仅给予正常饲料喂食,治疗组在正常饲料喂食的基础上予复方嗜酸乳杆菌片灌胃(1×107 CFU/d),4周后抽血化验大鼠总胆固醇及甘油三酯,并处死大鼠,取肠道内容物做肠道乳酸菌、大肠埃希菌及真菌等微生物培养,数据采用统计学方法分析.结果 与正常对照组相比,模型对照组乳酸菌减少,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),大肠埃希菌和真菌数量增加,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗组乳酸菌增多,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),大肠埃希菌和真菌数量减少,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).同时,治疗组大鼠总胆固醇及甘油三酯降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 缺血性结肠炎者出现肠道微生物紊乱,微生态制剂能增加肠道乳酸菌等益生菌,减少肠道条件致病菌和致病菌,维持肠道微生态平衡,同时对患者的血脂有一定的调节作用.     

益气健脾中药颗粒剂对早期断奶仔猪肠道菌群的影响

目的研究中药复方颗粒剂对断奶仔猪肠道微生态的影响。方法实验选用人工感染大肠埃希菌引起腹泻的28日龄断奶仔猪54头,随机平均分为3组,每组3个重复,Ⅰ组抗生素治疗组、Ⅱ组中药复方颗粒剂治疗组、Ⅲ组不用任何药物治疗的空白对照组。分别于用药后第14天时,每组随机抽取1头屠宰,无菌采集空肠,回肠和盲肠内容物,利用平板计数法测定各肠段大肠埃希菌、双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量。结果 Ⅰ组双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌及大肠埃希菌的数量均显著小于Ⅲ组（P〈0.05）;Ⅱ组双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌的数量显著大于Ⅲ组（P〈0.05）,大肠埃希菌数量显著小于Ⅲ组（P〈0.05）; n组双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌的数量极显著大于Ⅰ组（P〈0.01）,Ⅱ组与Ⅰ组大肠埃希菌数量差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论该中药复方颗粒剂具有显著增加断奶仔猪肠道中双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌的数量,降低大肠埃希菌数量,减少腹泻频率的作用。     

黄酒对慢性应激大鼠肠道微生物的影响

目的 探讨黄酒对慢性应激大鼠肠道微生物的影响.方法 将45只SD大鼠制成慢性应激模型,并随机分为正常对照组、慢性应激对照组和慢性应激黄酒组.正常对照组、慢性应激对照组仅给予正常饲料喂食,慢性应激黄酒组饲料中每日添加酒精度为15.0％ (v/v)的黄酒5 mL,6周后处死大鼠,取肠道内容物做肠道乳酸菌、大肠埃希菌及真菌等微生物培养,数据采用统计学方法分析.结果 黄酒不影响大鼠的血糖变化,与正常对照组相比,慢性应激对照组乳酸菌明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),大肠埃希菌和真菌数量增加,差异亦有统计学意义(P＜0.05);慢性应激黄酒组乳酸菌增多,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),大肠埃希菌和真菌数量减少,比较差异亦有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 慢性应激状态下,肠道微生物发生明显的变化,适量饮用黄酒能增加肠道益生菌,减少肠道致病菌或条件致病菌,维持肠道微生态平衡,对肠道微生物有一定的调节作用.     

富硒猴头菇对小鼠肠道菌群的调节作用

目的以昆明小鼠为实验对象,观察富硒猴头菇对小鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法设高、中和低3个剂量组和1个普通猴头菇对照组,1个蒸馏水对照组,搜集粪便,用细菌16S rDNA荧光定量PCR法测定3大类肠道菌的数量。结果富硒猴头菇冻干粉灌胃后,中剂量组和高剂量组小鼠肠道中大肠埃希菌明显减少,低、中剂量组双歧杆菌增多,高剂量组乳酸菌增多,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。且断药3 d后,中剂量组的大肠埃希菌、双歧杆菌数量,高剂量组的大肠埃希菌、乳酸菌数量与正常对照组相比差异仍有统计学意义。结论富硒猴头菇对小鼠肠道菌群有明显调节作用。     

30例妊娠妇女阴道微生态改变

目的 探讨妊娠妇女的阴道微生态变化.方法 采用检测妊娠妇女雌、孕激素水平、阴道理化指标及部分阴道常见菌群来分析阴道微生态的改变.结果 (1)孕妇组阴道白细胞数较高,与育龄健康组妇女相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);唾液酸酶在两组间相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);育龄妇女组阴道内的乳酸杆菌含量最高,与孕妇组相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);大肠埃希菌含量在育龄妇女组最少,与孕妇组相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组加德纳菌相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 育龄妇女与妊娠妇女的阴道微生态环境不同,与其体内的雌、孕激素水平有关.     

四磨汤口服液对脾虚便秘小鼠肠道微生物及酶活性的影响

目的探讨四磨汤对脾虚便秘疗效、肠道微生物和酶活性的影响。方法将18只实验小鼠随机分成模型组、正常对照组和治疗组,每组6只。对模型组和治疗组采用灌胃番泻叶水煎液7 d后控制饮食,饥饱失常8 d,进行小鼠脾虚便秘造模。造模结束后,模型组和正常对照组均用无菌水灌胃,治疗组用四磨汤口服液灌胃,共7 d,然后采集肠道内容物,分析肠道菌群及酶活性。结果模型组自然恢复后,肠道微生物(细菌总数、大肠埃希菌、乳酸菌、双歧杆菌和真菌)、纤维素酶活性、木聚糖酶活性、淀粉酶活性和蛋白酶活性与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01或P0.05)。治疗组大肠埃希菌数和真菌数与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),达到正常对照组水平。细菌总数显著增加(P0.01),乳酸菌显著减少(P0.05),双歧杆菌数目显著增加(P0.01),治疗组纤维素酶和木聚糖酶活性极显著低于正常对照组(P0.01),淀粉酶活性极显著高于正常对照组(P0.01),蛋白酶活性与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论四磨汤通过调控肠道菌群平衡,调整肠道酶活性来治疗脾虚便秘。     

戊己丸对幽门螺杆菌感染胃炎小鼠胃内微生物及酶的影响

目的探讨戊己丸对幽门螺旋杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)感染胃炎小鼠的疗效与胃肠道微生物及酶活性的关系,从微生态学角度研究戊己丸的疗效机制。方法通过建立H.pylori感染胃炎小鼠模型,随机分为正常组、模型组、克拉霉素组、戊己丸组,分别灌胃给药克拉霉素、戊己丸,分析胃内菌群数及酶活性。结果模型组中的细菌数、大肠埃希菌数、双歧杆菌数及乳酸菌数较正常组有显著性或极显著性增加(P0.05或P0.01),真菌数与正常组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),蛋白酶、纤维素酶和淀粉酶的酶活与正常组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01);克拉霉素治疗组的大肠埃希菌数、真菌数已恢复至正常(P0.05),但细菌数、双歧杆菌数和乳酸菌数显著性或极显著性减少(P0.05或P0.01),淀粉酶的酶活已恢复至正常水平(P0.05),蛋白酶和纤维素酶的酶与和正常组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01);戊己丸治疗组的细菌数和真菌数已恢复至正常(P0.05),大肠埃希菌数、双歧杆菌数和乳酸菌数正常组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01),淀粉酶的酶活已恢复至正常水平(P0.05),蛋白酶和纤维素酶的酶活与正常组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。结论戊己丸能显著调节H.pylori感染胃炎小鼠胃内微生物及酶活性.     

超微铁皮石斛对脾虚便秘小鼠肠道微生物及酶活的影响

目的探讨超微铁皮石斛对脾虚便秘小鼠肠道微生物及酶活性的影响。方法采用灌胃番泻叶水煎液7 d后控制饮食,饥饱失常8 d,进行小鼠脾虚便秘造模。设模型组、正常组和治疗组,模型组和正常组灌胃无菌水,治疗组分别灌胃给药铁皮石斛传统汤剂、超微全量汤剂、超微50%量汤剂和超微25%量汤剂,共7 d,然后采集肠道内容物分析肠道菌群及酶活。结果模型组五类可培养微生物（细菌总数、大肠埃希菌、乳酸菌、双歧杆菌和真菌）数量与正常组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;铁皮石斛传统汤剂组大肠埃希菌数,铁皮石斛超微50%量汤剂组细菌总数、大肠埃希菌和真菌数,超微25%量汤剂组细菌总数和大肠埃希菌数均达到正常组水平（P〉0.05）;铁皮石斛超微全量汤剂组和超微50%量汤剂组对纤维素酶的影响作用相当,均达到正常组水平（P〉0.05）,铁皮石斛三种不同剂量的超微汤剂对木聚糖酶活性的影响作用相当（P〉0.05）,铁皮石斛超微全量汤剂组淀粉酶活性与正常组相当（P〉0.05）。结论铁皮石斛传统汤剂、超微全量汤剂和超微50%量汤剂对脾虚便秘均有很好的疗效,能够调控肠道微生态平衡及肠道酶活性。     

林麝复合微生物制剂的研制

本研究采用林麝肠道分离的3株乳酸菌研制一种复合微生态制剂,对复合微生态制剂进行了不同配比的选择、昆明小鼠安全性试验、活菌数的监测和林麝的应用。结果显示:作为最优配比的复合微生态制剂C(S2∶S3∶MRS2-2=1∶1∶2),安全性试验结果显示其未引起小白鼠机体的不良反应;在14 d时,储存温度为-20℃下复合微生态制剂的活菌数降至1.43E+08 CFU/m L;用复合微生态制剂C治疗林麝肠道致病性大肠杆菌感染的昆明小鼠,结果显示微生态制剂组肠道乳酸菌显著大于空白组和感染组(P0.05),复合微生态制剂治疗腹泻林麝,治愈率为50%。本试验首次研制了一种林麝复合微生态制剂,对于提高林麝人工养殖的存活率有指导意义。     

保和丸对食积小鼠的肠道微生物 及酶活性的影响

目的探究保和丸对食积小鼠肠道微生物及酶活性的影响。方法将32只实验小鼠(雌雄各半)随机分为正常组(n=12)、食积组(n=10)和治疗组(n=10)。其中正常组喂食正常饲料,其余组喂食特制饲料。待食积组和治疗组中小鼠出现粪便干结,腹部膨隆胀满后,立即对治疗组按6.67 g/(kg·d)剂量灌胃0.28 g/mL的保和丸汤剂,正常组与食积组灌胃等量的蒸馏水。每天2次,每次0.35 mL,持续4 d。比较分析小鼠肠道微生物及肠道酶活性。结果肠道微生物方面,食积组能显著增加细菌、乳酸菌、双歧杆菌和大肠埃希菌的数目,与正常组相比差异有统计学意义(均P0.01)。经保和丸治疗后,除双歧杆菌外,细菌、乳酸菌和大肠埃希菌数目均有所下降,与食积组相比差异具有统计学意义(均P0.05),但仍高于正常组,并且与正常组相比差异也具有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。治疗组的双歧杆菌数目高于食积组,与食积组相比差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。酶活方面,无论是黏膜还是肠道内容物的酶活,食积组中的木聚糖酶、淀粉酶以及蛋白酶均高于正常组,与正常组相比差异具有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。经保和丸治疗后小鼠肠道内容物中各酶的活性有所下降且与食积组相比差异具有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01),黏膜中只有木聚糖酶、淀粉酶、蛋白酶与食积组相比差异具有统计学意义(均P0.05),而蔗糖酶以及纤维素酶虽低于食积组,但与食积组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论保和丸能降低食积小鼠的细菌、乳酸菌以及大肠埃希菌的数目,同时能降低木聚糖酶、淀粉酶、蛋白酶和蔗糖酶等的活性。     

复合活菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清溶菌酶含量的影响

目的观察复合活菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清溶菌酶含量的影响。方法选择长白二元杂交断奶仔猪90头进行实验,断奶日龄为35 d。共分为5个组,每组设3个重复,每个重复随机选取健康仔猪6头。实验组一:饲喂基础日粮+0.1%复合制剂(纳豆杆菌,双歧杆菌,罗伊乳杆菌),实验组二:饲喂基础日粮+0.1%复合制剂(纳豆杆菌,双歧杆菌,干酪乳杆菌),实验组三:饲喂基础日粮+0.1%复合制剂(纳豆杆菌,双歧杆菌,嗜酸乳杆菌),实验组四:饲喂基础日粮+0.1%复合制剂(纳豆杆菌,双歧杆菌,罗伊乳杆菌,干酪乳杆菌,嗜酸乳杆菌),对照组:饲喂基础日粮。其中复合制剂中益生菌活菌数为109CFU/g。饲养30 d后观察复合活菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清溶菌酶含量的影响。结果在日增重、饲料效率及血清溶菌酶方面,实验组一和二显著高于对照组(P0.05);在腹泻率方面,实验组均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论在仔猪日粮中添加复合活菌制剂可提高每头断奶仔猪平均日增重及饲料效率,降低腹泻的发病率,且增高仔猪血清溶菌酶含量,提高仔猪的免疫机能,从而提高经济效益。     

甘露寡糖对断奶仔猪肠道主要菌群的影响

选择健康的 35日龄断奶仔猪 4 8头 ,随机分为两组 ,每组 3圈 ,每圈 8头。一组为含 0 .5 %甘露寡糠 +基础日粮 ,另一组为基础日粮。试验开始第 7天 ,每组各随机选 6头仔猪 ,麻醉后剖腹取肠道内容物以测定盲肠和结肠大肠杆菌、乳酸杆菌及双歧杆菌浓度和 p H。试验结果表明 ,与对照组相比 ,甘露寡糖可以显著降低盲肠、结肠大肠杆菌浓度 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;同时显著提高盲肠乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌浓度 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,但对结肠乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数影响不显著 (P>0 .0 5 )     

Dietary Enterococcus faecalis LAB31 Improves Growth Performance,Reduces Diarrhea,and Increases Fecal Lactobacillus Number of Weaned Piglets

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been shown to enhance performance of weaned piglets. However, few studies have reported the addition of LAB Enterococcus faecalis as alternatives to growth promoting antibiotics for weaned piglets. This study evaluated the effects of dietary E. faecalis LAB31 on the growth performance, diarrhea incidence, blood parameters, fecal bacterial and Lactobacillus communities in weaned piglets. A total of 360 piglets weaned at 26 ± 2 days of age were randomly allotted to 5 groups (20 pens, with 4 pens for each group) for a trial of 28 days: group N (negative control, without antibiotics or probiotics); group P (Neomycin sulfate, 100 mg/kg feed); groups L, M and H (supplemented with E. faecalis LAB31 0.5×10⁹, 1.0×10⁹, and 2.5×10⁹ CFU/kg feed, respectively). Average daily gain and feed conversion efficiency were found to be higher in group H than in group N, and showed significant differences between group H and group P (P₀ < 0.05). Furthermore, groups H and P had a lower diarrhea index than the other three groups (P₀ < 0.05). Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) showed that the application of probiotics to the diet changed the bacterial community, with a higher bacterial diversity in group M than in the other four groups. Real-time PCR revealed that the relative number of Lactobacillus increased by addition of probiotics, and was higher in group H than in group N (P₀ < 0.05). However, group-specific PCR-DGGE showed no obvious difference among the five groups in Lactobacillus composition and diversity. Therefore, the dietary addition of E. faecalis LAB31 can improve growth performance, reduce diarrhea, and increase the relative number of Lactobacillus in feces of weaned piglets.     

大豆寡糖对断奶环江香猪生长性能和营养物质代谢的影响

为了探讨大豆寡糖(SBOS)作为抗生素替代物对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响及其作用机制,饲养试验选用21日龄断奶的环江香猪12头,随机分为2组,每组6头,分别饲喂添加0.5%SBOS日粮和抗生素对照日粮,试验期为14 d。记录每天的采食量,分别于试验开始和结束时称取空腹体重并采集血液,肝素抗凝离心分离血浆,测定生化参数和游离氨基酸水平。消化试验选用10头环江香猪,随机分为2组,处理同饲养试验。预试期4 d,正试期3 d,收集粪样,指示剂法测定干物质、粗蛋白和粗脂肪的消化率。结果表明,与抗生素对照组相比,SBOS组仔猪平均日采食量、日增重和料重比均无显著变化;血浆尿素氮和血氨含量显著下降,总蛋白含量显著升高(P<0.05);血浆甘氨酸、组氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸和蛋氨酸的含量均显著升高(P<0.05);粗蛋白和粗脂肪消化率有提高趋势。提示SBOS可替代抗生素用于断奶仔猪日粮。     

Effects of the antimicrobial peptide cecropin AD on performance and intestinal health in weaned piglets challenged with Escherichia coli

This study was conducted to determine the effects of the antimicrobial peptide cecropin on performance and intestinal health in piglets. Newly weaned barrows were randomly assigned to one of three treatments (n=8), including a corn-soybean basal diet or similar diets supplemented with antibiotics (100 mg/kg kitasamycin plus 800 mg/kg colistin sulfate) or 400 mg/kg cecropin AD. On day 13, all piglets were orally challenged with 10(9)CFU/mL of Escherichia coli K88. On day 19, all piglets were euthanized and sampled. Before challenge, piglets fed antibiotics had greater weight gain, feed efficiency, nitrogen and energy retention than the control (P<0.05). E. coli challenge decreased weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency for the control piglets (P<0.05) but not for the antibiotic or cecropin AD treated piglets. The incidence of diarrhea post-challenge in the antibiotic and cecropin AD treatments decreased compared with the control piglets. The total viable counts of cecal E. coli were lower while the Lactobacilli counts were higher in the antibiotic and cecropin AD treatments compared with the control (P<0.05). Cecropin AD treatment decreased total aerobes while increasing total anaerobes in the ileum (P<0.05). A higher villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum and ileum as well as a deeper crypt depth in the jejunum and higher villus height in the ileum were observed in piglets fed antibiotics or cecropin AD compared with control piglets (P<0.05). Piglets fed the control diet had lower levels of secretory IgA in their jejunum and lower serum IgA, IgG, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 compared with the other treatments (P<0.05). Overall, these data suggest that cecropin AD enhances pig performance through increasing immune status and nitrogen and energy retention as well as reducing intestinal pathogens in weaned piglets.     

Dietary alanyl-glutamine improves growth performance of weaned piglets through maintaining intestinal morphology and digestion–absorption function

Alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln), a highly soluble and stable glutamine dipeptide, is known to improve gut integrity and function. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether dietary Ala-Gln supplementation could improve growth performance, intestinal development and digestive-absorption function in weaned piglets. A total of 100 purebred Yorkshire piglets weaned at 21 days of age were assigned randomly to four dietary treatment groups and fed a basal diet (control group) or a basal diet containing 0.15%, 0.30% and 0.45% Ala-Gln, respectively. Compared with the control group, piglets fed the Ala-Gln diets had higher average daily gain and lower feed : gain and diarrhea rate (P < 0.05). Moreover, dietary Ala-Gln supplementation increased villous height and villous height : crypt depth ratio in duodenum and jejunum (P < 0.05), as well as the activities of maltase and lysozyme in jejunum mucosa (P < 0.05). In addition, a decrease in serum diamine oxidase activity and crypt depth in duodenum and jejunum was observed in piglets fed the Ala-Gln diets (P < 0.05). Serum cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) concentration and gene expression of cPLA2, Na⁺-dependent glucose transporter 1, glucose transporter 2 and peptide transporter 1 in jejunum were increased by feeding Ala-Gln diets relative to control diet (P < 0.05). These results indicated that feeding Ala-Gln diet has beneficial effects on the growth performance of weaned piglets, which associated with maintaining intestinal morphology and digestive-absorption function.     

Bacteriophage cocktail and multi-strain probiotics in the feed for weanling pigs: effects on intestine morphology and targeted intestinal coliforms and Clostridium

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of bacteriophage cocktail, probiotics and a combination of these two supplements on performance and gut health of weanling pigs. In Experiment 1, 150 weaned piglets were randomly allotted to three treatments on the basis of BW. The dietary treatments included a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg bacteriophage cocktail. Pigs fed 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg bacteriophage product had greater (P<0.05) average daily gain (ADG), apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter from day 22 to 35, ileal Lactobacillus spp., villus height (duodenum and jejunum), and fewer coliforms (ileum) and Clostridium spp. (ileum). In Experiment 2, 200 weaned piglets were randomly allotted to four treatments. Dietary treatments included basal diet, basal diet supplemented with 3.0 g/kg fermented probiotic product (P), 1.0 g/kg bacteriophage cocktail (B) and combination of 1.0 g/kg bacteriophage cocktail and 3.0 g/kg fermented probiotic product. Pigs fed bacteriophage cocktail diets had greater (P<0.05) overall ADG, gain to feed ratio (G:F), fecal score from day 8 to day 21, and pigs fed bacteriophage cocktail diets had fewer coliforms (ileum) Clostridium spp. (ileum and cecum). Probiotics significantly increased G:F, colonization of Lactobacillus spp. in ileum. At day 35, bacteriophage treatment group showed greater (P<0.05) villus height of the duodenum, but a deeper crypt in duodenum. The present results indicate that the bacteriophage cocktail had a potential to enhance the performance and gut health of weanling pigs, however their combination with probiotics did not show an interaction.     

Effects of Copper-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles on Intestinal Microflora and Morphology in Weaned Piglets

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with copper-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CNP-Cu) on growth performance, intestinal microflora, and morphology in weaned piglets. A number of 90 weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire), weaned at 21?days with body weight of 7.2?±?0.81?kg, were randomly divided into three groups by weight and sex, each treatment including three replicates of ten pigs. The piglets were fed the same basal diet supplemented with 0 (the control group), 100?mg/kg CNP-Cu, and 100?mg/kg chlortetracycline (the positive group). The results showed that 100?mg/kg CNP-Cu significantly increased average daily gain and feed intake and decreased feed/gain ratio and diarrhea rate (P?<?0.05). Compared with the control group, the amount of Escherichia coli in duodenum, jejunal, and caecum were significantly decreased by 100?mg/kg CNP-Cu; the number of lactobacillus in jejunal and caecum were increased (P?<?0.05), and the amount of bifidobacterium in duodenum and caecum were also increased (P?<?0.05). Moreover, the villous height of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum mucosa was significantly increased (P?<?0.05), and the crypt depth was significantly decreased (P?<?0.05). The results indicated that CNP-Cu is beneficial to growth and intestinal microflora and morphology and could be a potential substitution of chlortetracycline in diets of weaned piglets.     

异种源复合益生菌对杜滇仔猪肠道微生物多样性的影响

为研究异种源复合益生菌对超早期断奶（7日龄）的杜洛克×滇南小耳猪肠道微生物多样性的影响,选取30头7日龄杜洛克×滇南小耳猪,分为DD组哺喂代乳粉,DY组哺喂代乳粉+复合益生菌,对照组（DM组）母乳喂养,每组10头。试验期为21 d,采用IIIumina技术分析粪便菌群组成。结果表明,早期哺喂代乳粉,使杜洛克×滇南小耳猪肠道菌群多样性下降（P＜0.05）,厚壁菌门（P＜0.01）、螺旋菌门（P＜0.05）和Epsilonbacteraeota（P＜0.01）相对丰度降低,乳杆菌属相对丰度极显著提高（P＜0.01）,代乳粉中添加异种源复合益生菌后,拟杆菌门和普氏菌属的相对丰度显著提高（P＜0.05））,与碳水化合物代谢（Prevotella_7、Prevotella_2、Prevotella_9）及肠道抗炎症（Colilnsella）相关菌群的相对丰度也显著提高,具有降低仔猪断奶应激的潜能。     

不同铁源对哺乳仔猪生长、代谢和环境的影响

为了探索不同铁源对哺乳仔猪生长、代谢和环境的影响,选用15窝共158头哺乳仔猪随机分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,分别饲喂含硫酸亚铁、柠檬酸铁和蛋氨酸铁的3种饲粮(饲粮铁含量为146mg·kg-1)进行补铁效果试验.结果表明,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组仔猪在35日龄试验结束时的体重、日增重、体况行为等级、血液血红蛋白值、血浆转铁蛋白含量、血浆和肝脏铁含量等指标均显著(P<005或P<001)高于Ⅰ组;饲料消耗、腹泻发生率、排粪量、粪中含铁量和排铁量则显著(P<005或P<001)低于Ⅰ组.Ⅲ组35日龄体重和日增重也显著(P<005)高于Ⅱ组,但其余指标在Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组之间无显著差异(P>005),说明蛋氨酸铁和柠檬酸铁可明显改善仔猪的健康状况、生长发育、饲料报酬和血液生理生化指标,促进铁在猪体内的吸收和利用,降低排粪量和粪中排铁量,不失为给哺乳仔猪补铁的高效而安全的铁源