紫花苜蓿的花蜜量和访花蜜蜂数量对种子产量的影响

对10个紫花苜蓿品种的花萼直径、花蜜量、访花蜜蜂数量和种子产量进行了研究,结果表明,紫花苜蓿的单位面积花蜜量与访花蜜蜂数量呈极显著正相关(r=0.93**),访花蜜蜂数量与种子产量呈显著正相关(r=0.87*);紫花苜蓿的花蜜量与花萼直径呈极显著正相关(r=0.99**);紫花苜蓿品种赛特(Sitel)和德宝(Derby)在兰州地区能获得高产、优质的种子。     

孕晚期GDM孕妇阴道菌群与阴道上皮细胞的自噬和应激水平的相关性

目的探究孕晚期妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇阴道菌群与阴道上皮细胞的自噬和应激水平的相关性。方法选取陆军军医大学第一附属医院2018年9月至2019年1月诊断及治疗的孕晚期GDM孕妇23例作为GDM组,选取同时段、同年龄段产检正常的孕妇23例作为对照组。对两组孕妇阴道菌群及自噬和应激水平进行检测,使用Pearson相关性分析探究菌群指标与自噬和应激水平间的相关性。结果两组阴道细菌构成存在差异,GDM组在毛螺菌科、双歧杆菌目、普雷沃菌属、詹氏乳杆菌、双歧杆菌科、加德纳菌属的相对丰度大于对照组,对照组在乳杆菌属、卷曲乳杆菌、惰性乳杆菌、假单胞菌目、假单胞菌属、气球菌科的相对丰度大于GDM组。GDM组p62相对表达量显著低于对照组(t=3.903,P0.001),hsp70相对表达量显著高于对照组(t=5.704,P0.001)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,双歧杆菌目、加德纳菌属与p62水平呈显著负相关(r=-0.407、-0.482,P=0.009、0.002),双歧杆菌科与hsp70呈显著正相关(r=0.448,P=0.004);乳杆菌属与p62呈显著正相关(r=0.437,P=0.011),与hsp70水平呈显著负相关(r=-0.475,P=0.005)。结论孕晚期GDM孕妇阴道菌群与阴道上皮细胞自噬和应激水平存在一定相关性。     

澜沧江流域北部中华蜜蜂食源和营养生态位随海拔梯度的变化特征

为了解澜沧江流域北部中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana cerana)的分布,探究中华蜜蜂的食源和营养生态位沿海拔梯度的变化特征,调查了澜沧江流域北部各海拔区域中华蜜蜂的种群分布,运用蜂蜜孢粉学(melissopalynology)分析了各海拔区域中华蜜蜂蜂蜜中花粉的组成特征和变化规律,并综合分析了海拔、中华蜜蜂营养生态位和蜂蜜中花粉的相关性,探讨了自然环境与中华蜜蜂的分布,海拔梯度与蜜粉源植物、中华蜜蜂的食源和营养生态位的关系。结果表明:澜沧江流域北部中华蜜蜂的食源种类丰富,中华蜜蜂种群主要分布于2200—2800 m海拔区域。不同海拔区域中华蜜蜂采食花粉的种类和数量不同,中华蜜蜂种群分布多的海拔区域,蜂蜜中花粉的种类较多,但花粉数量相对少。随着海拔梯度升高,中华蜜蜂蜂蜜中花粉的数量表现为先降后增,而花粉的种类则表现为先增后降。不同海拔区域的中华蜜蜂营养生态位存在差异,推测各海拔区域蜜粉源植物分布、中华蜜蜂种内和种间授粉昆虫及食草动物等竞争因素不同,但各海拔梯度间的变化差异不显著。海拔与中华蜜蜂营养生态位呈正相关(r=0.051),相关性不显著;海拔与蜂蜜中花粉数量呈正相关(r=0.047),与蜂蜜中花粉种类呈正相关(r=0.144),相关性都不显著;中华蜜蜂营养生态位与蜂蜜中花粉的种类呈负相关(r=-0.305),相关性显著(P!0.05);与花粉的数量呈负相关(r=-0.064),相关性不显著。蜂蜜中花粉的数量与种类呈正相关(r=-0.303),且相关性显著(P!0.05)。     

心肌梗塞面积无损计测数学模型

本文根据生物电学电极化理论,引入心肌梗塞向量,定量地描述心肌梗塞面电偶层源的形成,运用电动力学源场关系,首次建立计测心肌梗塞面积的理论数学模型.此数学模型计测方法简易,所需导联电极数少,而测得信息较多,属于无损伤非侵入性,便于临床推广应用.经动物实验验证,本数学模型计测所得心肌梗塞面积与组织化学染色切片实测面积,两者极显著正相关,心前壁与前间壁心肌损伤r=0.96(n=12,P<0.01);侧壁、后壁、下壁心肌坏死r=0.93(n=10,P<0.01).在临床上,与ECT相对照,r=0.91(r=14,P<0.01),极显著相关.     

青海沙蜥红原亚种成体腹部和尾尖腹面色斑两性异形与季节变化的初步研究

对分布于青藏高原东部若尔盖高寒生境中的青海沙蜥红原亚种Phrynocephalus vlangalii hongyuanensis成体腹部和尾尖腹面色斑的两性异形及其与环境因子的关系进行了初步研究.结果 表明:在5月份(繁殖季节),雄性腹部色斑显著大于雌性(t41,74=-2.309,P=0.023),而尾尖腹面色斑在两性间差异不显著(Z=-0.939,P=0.347).雄性在非繁殖季节(4月初)腹部色斑显著大于繁殖季节(5月份)(t38,41=5.312,P＜0.000),而尾尖腹面色斑在4、5月间无显著变化(t38,41=-1.734,P=0.087).成体腹部色斑大小与体重(r=-0.07,P=0.39,n=154)和肥满度(r=-0.05,P=0.53,n=154)无显著相关性,尾尖腹面色斑与体重(r=0.09,P=0.27,n=154)和肥满度(r=0.1,P=0.24,n=154)也无显著相关性.气象资料表明若尔盖4月份气温低于5月份,推测雄性青海沙蜥红原亚种腹部色斑大小的季节变化可能是对温度适应的结果,而雄性尾尖腹面色斑大小随季节无显著变化,推测该特征可能与环境变化关系不大.     

基于鸣声模型的云南柳莺地理种群关系分析

将录自北京、甘肃、四川和陕西7个地区共117段云南柳莺(Phylloscopus yunnanensis)的鸣唱样本分别提取短时特征Mel倒谱系数(MFCC),利用系统聚类方法,构建云南柳莺不同地理种群鸣声特征之间的树状关系图,并对云南柳莺地理鸣声差异产生机制的可能因素(地理距离、海拔等)进行探讨。这是基于鸣声短时特征的物种识别在研究同一物种不同地理种群关系中的首次尝试。结果显示,其鸣声地理差异与距离之间没有显著相关性(Pearson,r=﹣0.036,P=0.762,n=117),但与海拔存在显著的相关性(Pearson,r=﹣0.836,P0.001,n=117)。     

肝脏铁超负荷动物模型的制作与研究

目的探讨肝脏铁超负荷动物模型的制作方法,分析肝脏铁含量与注射铁剂剂量之间的相关性。方法选取新西兰白兔18只,每周于白兔深部肌肉注射右旋糖酐铁,并每周随机处死1~2只白兔,对兔肝脏铁含量进行定量、半定量分析,并与注射铁剂剂量进行相关性分析。结果肝脏铁浓度(liver iron concentration,LIC)与注射铁剂总量呈显著直线正相关(r=0.564,P=0.012),LIC与单位体重注射铁剂剂量之间呈显著直线正相关(r=0.663,P=0.002),肝脏含铁总量与注射铁剂总量呈高度直线正相关(r=0.934,P=0.000),肝脏含铁总量与单位体重注射铁剂剂量之间呈高度直线正相关(r=0.921,P=0.000)。病理可以半定量分析铁含量。结论肝脏含铁总量与注射体积总量呈高度正相关,肝脏体积可影响LIC。     

不同寄主植物对美洲斑潜蝇的适合度及其与叶片结构的关系

应用选择指数法和适合性指数法定量测定了山西省 14种常见寄主植物对美洲斑潜蝇 (Liriomyzasati vaeBlanchard)的适合度。根据其适合度将寄主植物划分为 3个类型 ,即适宜寄主、较适宜寄主和次要寄主。在此基础上 ,进一步研究了不同寄主植物对美洲斑潜蝇的适合度与叶片表面结构和解剖结构的关系。结果表明 :适合度与叶片上表皮毛数、毛长度、上表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度和叶片厚度之间均无显著相关性 (r r0 0 5)。其结果为美洲斑潜蝇的持续控制奠定了理论基础     

灰蓝姬鹟的孵卵节律

2 0 0 2年在莲花山自然保护区使用温度自动记录装置对灰蓝姬的孵卵节律进行了研究。研究表明 ,灰蓝姬雌鸟日平均离巢 31.2 5± 7.5 0次 (n =8天 ) ,平均每次离巢持续时间为 7± 2min (n =2 6 4 ) ,平均在巢持续时间 2 1± 9min (n =2 5 6 )。雌鸟在巢率与环境温度间存在显著的负相关关系 (Spearman相关 ,r =- 0 .30 4 ,P <0 .0 1)。进一步的分析表明 ,灰蓝姬雌鸟每次离巢持续时间与环境温度呈显著的正相关 (Spearman相关 ,r =0 .2 6 1,P <0 .0 1) ,每次在巢时间和离巢次数均与环境温度无关 (在巢时间 ,r =0 .0 2 6 ,P =0 .6 82 ;离巢次数 ,r =0 .0 14 ,P =0 .879)。认为灰蓝姬雌鸟主要通过调节离巢时间的长短来控制孵卵节律     

京杭运河邵伯高邮段栖息地破碎化对狗獾种群数量分布的影响

栖息地破碎是生物多样性下降的主要原因之一。栖息地破碎引起的面积效应、隔离效应和边缘效应能影响动物种群的绝灭阈值、分布、多度、种间关系以及生态系统过程, 最终影响动物种群的数量分布。2006年10-11月和2007年10-11月, 利用全球定位系统(GPS)、地理信息系统(GIS)和样方法定量分析京杭运河邵伯至高邮段狗獾栖息地破碎化程度, 确定不同斑块的面积、斑块距离、斑块隔离度以及栖息地质量对斑块中狗獾数量分布的影响。结果表明, 各个斑块内狗獾的洞口数、粪堆数与该斑块的面积显著的正相关(r=0.961, P=0.039; r=0.999, P=0.023), 但与斑块距离、斑块隔离度无显著的相关性(P>0.05)。栖息地的质量也会影响狗獾的数量分布, 多元线性逐步回归分析表明, 人类干扰和与栖息地的郁闭性显著的影响狗獾的数量分布。以上结果说明, 京杭运河邵伯高邮段栖息地的破碎化程度对狗獾的数量分布还没有造成显著的直接影响, 但会间接降低栖息地的质量, 进而影响狗獾的生存。     

HSP70和JNK信号转导通路在肝癌组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨HSP70和JNK信号转导通路在肝癌组织中的作用,以及它们之间的关系。方法用SP免疫组化方法检测62例肝癌组织中HSP70、JNK1、JNK2和c-Jun的表达。应用SSPS统计软件进行数据处理。结果(1)HSP70蛋白1级染色16例(25.8%),2级染色25例(40.3%),3级染色21例(33.9%)。JNK1、JNK2和c-Jun蛋白低表达分别为40例(64.5%)、33例(53.2%)和36例(58.1%),高表达分别为22例(35.5%)、29例(46.8%)和26例(41.9%)。(2)HSP70蛋白表达与肝癌分化程度呈正相关(r=0.449,P=0.000),JNK1、JNK2和c-Jun蛋白表达均与肝癌分化程度呈负相关(r=-0.351,P=0.005;r=-0.303,P=0.017;r=-0.302,P=0.017)。(3)HSP70蛋白的表达与JNK1(r=-0.385,P=0.002)、JNK2(r=-0.309,P=0.015)和c-Jun(r=-0.302,P=0.017)蛋白的表达呈负相关。(4)Kaplan-Meier法生存分析发现HSP70和JNK1蛋白的表达与术后无复发生存时间密切相关(P<0.01)。(5)多因素Cox比例风险模型分析,结果HSP70与预后明显相关(P=0.004)。结论HSP70蛋白与肝癌的进展和预后密切相关。JNK信号转导通路与肝癌的分化有关。HSP70可能通过抑制JNK信号传导途径,而阻断由其介导的肝癌细胞的凋亡,提高了肝癌细胞在应激状态下的稳定性。     

不同盐碱度水体的鱼类区系结构及主要经济鱼类生长的比较

通过对内陆15个盐碱度不同的典型水体中鱼类区系结构和主要经济鱼类生长的比较和分析,阐述了盐碱度对鱼类区系和鱼类生长的影响。比较和分析结果表明,鱼类的区系结构、种类数量和生长速度与水体盐碱度的高低有着密切关系,盐碱度高的水体其鱼类的生长速度较慢。将水体的pH值、盐度、碱度、硬度、电导率等几项盐碱指标与鱼类的种类数量进行逐步回归和相关分析,结果显示水体中鱼类现有的种类数量与盐碱指标的关系式为:LOG(现有种类数)=4.0929- 0.2866LOG(碱度)- 0.1857LOG(硬度),(R2= 0.7520,F=18.1967,p=0.0002);土着的种类数量与盐碱指标的关系式为:LOC(土着种类数)=3.3832-0.3509LOG(盐度)-0.44587LOG(碱度),(R2=0.7116,F=14.8058),p=0.0006).       

雄貉睾丸宽度和血清睾酮水平的季节性变化及其与某些繁殖特性的关系

作者测定并分析了43只雄貉睾丸宽度、血清睾酮水平的季节性变化。结果表明:睾丸宽度和血清睾酮水平呈明显的年周期季节性变化(p<0.01)。秋分(9月)时,睾丸宽度开始增大(p<0.05 );血清睾酮水平在10月开始升高(p<0.05)。各月雄貉的平均睾酮水平与平均睾丸宽度是极显著的正相关(r=0.83,p<0.01 n=11)。雄貉繁殖季节初期,血清睾酮水平与其首、末次的交配日期呈显著负相关(r=-0.525和r=-0.476,p<0.05,n=19)。     

安西荒漠鼠类群落结构与环境因子的无偏对应分析

本文通过对安西荒漠鼠类群落结构与环境因子的无偏对应分析,得出决定鼠类群落结构的环境主导因子因季节不同而所有同;春季是地下水位、海拔高度、平均奖降水量和平均气温;夏季是植被覆盖度、植物平均高度、土壤含水率和土壤坚实度;秋季是土壤含水率。综合主导因子。其中水是决定荒漠地区鼠类群结构的最重要因子。     

The Tubifex tubifex assay for the determination of acute toxicity

An express (3-minute) test for acute toxicity determination by using the oligochaete annelid, Tubifex tubifex, is described. The EC50(Tubifex tubifex) [EC50(Tt)] for movement inhibition was calculated by using a concentration-response dependence. The reproducibility of the test was checked over several years and by several workers. Its applicability is limited to compounds which are soluble in water. The calculated EC50(Tt) indices correlate with LC50 values determined by using the fish, Pimephales promelas (96-hour assay), and with ICG50 values determined by using the ciliate, Tetrahymena pyriformis (48-hour assay) with high statistical significance (r = 0.822, n = 35, and r = 0.927, n = 80, respectively). The correlation between the EC50(Tt) indices and rat oral LD50 values (48-hour assay) was r = 0.519 (n = 67). The correlation within organic compounds was closer (r = 0.635, n = 60) than with the heterogeneous series of chemicals. A similar trend was noticed for the correlation with mouse oral LD50 values (r = 0.479, n = 56) with the heterogeneous series of chemicals, as compared that with the series without inorganic salts (r = 0.605, n = 42), and similarly with mouse intraperitoneal LD50 values, where r = 0.543 (n = 50) with the heterogeneous series of chemicals and r = 0.893 (n = 33) with the series of organic chemicals.     

脓毒性脑病的预警因素分析

目的：研究脓毒性脑病（SE）和无脑病者（NE）的预警因素。方法：分析我院ICU2004．1-2006、9收治的117例脓毒症病人的临床资料及相关检查结果,对比分析两组病人的住院时间、病死率、血培养、血压、白细胞计数（WBC）、血小板计数（PLT）、K＋、Ca2＋、游离钙（iCa2＋）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、白蛋白、球蛋白、总胆红素（TBIL）、直接胆红素（DBIL）、肌酐（SCr）、尿素氮（BUN）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、血糖（BS）、胆固醇、甘油三脂（TG）、PaCO2、CT／MRI、APACHEII评分的差别。结果：52例SE患者的APACHEII评分、病死率、血培养阳性率、ALT、AST、SCr、BUN、PaCO2与65例NE比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;鲍曼不动杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为脓毒症病人感染率最高的革兰阳性菌和阴性菌,分别为18．49％和13．70％,两组感染病原菌和感染率均不一样;10例sE患者头部CT／MRI有微小脓肿和组织水肿等阳性表现,而NE组均无阳性表现;APACHEII评分与脓毒症的病死率相关,相关系数为r=0．541,而且两组病人APACHEII评分不同,病死率也不一样,21-25分段SE组病死率要高于NE组（P=0,001）。结论：APACHEII评分、血培养、ALT、AST、SCr、BUN、PaCO2对诊断和鉴别诊断SE具有重要意义,调整BS、SCr、ALT、BUN、iCa2＋、白蛋白水平对预防脓毒症发生SE有益。     

Myocardial contractility by strain echocardiography: comparison with physiological measurements in an in vitro model

Strain echocardiography (SE) provides the rate and extent of myocardial segment shortening and lengthening. Thus we hypothesized that SE will noninvasively provide estimates of shortening velocity (SV) and length change (delta L). We compared SE-derived strain rate (SR) and strain (epsilon) to force/length transducer-derived SV and percent delta L in isolated muscle strips at multiple load levels and under varying conditions. Electrically stimulated contractions in left ventricular muscle strips (n = 20) were simultaneously recorded with a force/length transducer (to measure SV and percent delta L) and an ultrasound transducer (to measure SR and epsilon). Measurements were made at baseline, after inotropic stimulation, and during hypoxia at multiple load clamp levels (simulating multiple levels of afterload). Despite a difference in absolute numbers, there was a close correlation between SR and SV at baseline (R2 = 0.95), with dobutamine treatment (R2 = 0.99), and during hypoxia (R2 = 0.99). SR was load dependent at baseline (r = 0.98), with dobutamine treatment (r = 0.99), and during hypoxia (r = 0.92). Similarly, there was a close correlation between epsilon and delta L at baseline (R2 = 0.99), with dobutamine treatment (R2 = 0.96), and during hypoxia (R2 = 0.87). Percent epsilon was load dependent at baseline (r = 0.98), with dobutamine treatment (r = 0.98), and during hypoxia (r = 0.94). Bland-Altman analysis revealed a systematic overestimation of SV by SE-derived SR at baseline and with dobutamine treatment. There was no bias with SR measurements during hypoxia or with epsilon measurements. SE closely tracks standard physiological parameters of regional contractile function, such as SV and delta L, under conditions of varying afterload.     

Heart design: free ADP scales with absolute mitochondrial and myofibrillar volumes from mouse to human

Our aim was to estimate a number of bioenergetic parameters in the beating mouse, rat and guinea pig heart in situ and compare the values to those in hearts of mammals over a 2000-fold range in body mass. For the mouse, rat and guinea pig heart, we report a phosphorylation ratio of 1005+/-50 (n=16), 460+/-32 (n=10) and 330+/-22 (n=5) mM(-1) and a free cytosolic [ADP] concentration of 13, 18 and 22 microM, respectively. When each parameter was plotted against body mass, they scaled closely to the quarter power (-0.28, r=0.99 and -0.23, r=0.97). A similar regression slope was found when the inverse of free [ADP] was plotted against absolute mitochondrial (slope=-0.26, r=0.99) and myofibrillar volumes (slope=-0.24, r=0.99). The similar slopes indicate that the ratio of absolute mitochondria and myofibrillar volumes in the healthy mammalian heart is a constant, and independent of body size. In conclusion, our study supports the hypothesis that the mammalian heart has a number of highly conserved thermodynamic and kinetic parameters that obey quarter-power laws linking the phosphorylation ratio, ATP turnover rates, free [ADP] and absolute mitochondrial volumes to body size. The results are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms and potential deviations from these laws in some disease states.     

Microsatellite analysis of genetic variation among and within Alpine marmot populations in the French Alps

The genetic structure of the Alpine marmot, Marmota marmota, was studied by an analysis of five polymorphic microsatellite loci. Eight locations were sampled in the French Alps, one from Les Ecrins valley (n = 160), another from La Sassière valley (n = 289) and the six others from the Maurienne valley (n = 139). Information on social group structure was available for both Les Ecrins and La Sassière but not for the other samples. The high levels of genetic diversity observed are at odds with the results obtained using microsatellites, minisatellites and allozymes on Alpine marmots from Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Strong deficits in heterozygotes were found in Les Ecrins and La Sassière. They are caused by a Wahlund effect due to the family structure (i.e. differentiation between the family groups). The family groups exhibit excess of heterozygotes rather than deficits. This may be caused by outbreeding and this is compatible with recent results from the genetics of related social species when information on the social structure is taken into account. The observed outbreeding could be the result of females mating with transient males or males coming from neighbouring colonies. Both indicate that the species may not be as monogamous as is usually believed. The results are also compatible with a male-biased dispersal but do not allow us to exclude some female migration. We also found a significant correlation between geographical and genetic distance indicating that isolation by distance could be an issue in marmots. This study is the first that analysed populations of marmots taking into account the social structure within populations and assessing inbreeding at different levels (region, valley, population, and family groups). Our study clearly demonstrated that the sampling strategy and behavioural information can have dramatic effects on both the results and interpretation of the genetic data.