山东省蚜茧蜂科初记及一新种描述

本是作对山东省中南部地区蚜茧蜂种类调查的结果．共鉴定出12属25种．其中新种1种。山东省新记录种17种．72％的种类为农作物．林果上蚜虫的寄生蜂;有些种类发生量大,对蚜虫抑制作用显．如乌兹别克蚜茧蜂、烟蚜茧蜂、菜蚜茧蜂等．调查记录了获得的蚜茧蜂种类,寄主及分布,并对新种作了描记．     

棉田蚜茧蜂的初步观察

<正> 蚜茧蜂是蚜虫的主要寄生性天敌,国内有些地区已开始应用于防治烟蚜和菜蚜等。为探索蚜茧蜂对棉蚜的控制作用,1977—1979年我们先后在江苏省扬州、高邮、大丰、东台、南通等地对棉田蚜茧蜂种类,发生消长和寄生情况作了初步观察。 一、种类 江苏棉田蚜虫以棉蚜Aphis gossypii Glover为主,但粮、棉夹种地区,棉苗(5月至6月初)上的蚜虫尚有桃蚜Myzus persiae(Sulzer)、苜     

早春寄主与棉花上蚜虫和蚜茧蜂的相互关系观察

作者通过田间调查和室内接种观察,22种早春寄主上的蚜虫经鉴定有16个种,其中5个优势种。在棉苗上强迫接种均能生存,但只有14种寄主上的蚜虫能在棉苗上繁殖后代。四川早春气温回升快,蚜虫和蚜茧蜂均出现早。棉田周围5种早春寄主上的蚜茧蜂强迫接种能寄生棉蚜。油菜、大白菜上蚜茧蜂寄生棉蚜的寄生率高达80％以上,说明早春寄主上的蚜茧蜂与大田宿主有相互转移关系。     

蚜茧蜂研究的基本知识

蚜茧蜂科(Aphidiidae)是蚜虫重要的寄生性天敌,对蚜虫的生物防治效果显著。国内正研究应用烟蚜茧峰Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead防治烟蚜和菜蚜;应用高梁蚜茧蜂lysiphlebiasp.防治高粱蚜。国外已报道用少脉茧蜂Diae-retiella rapae M’Intosh防治大白菜蚜虫(Blanche,1975),用Aphidius matricariae Haliday防治桃赤蚜(Scopes,1970),用核桃蚜茧蜂Trioxyspallidus Haliday防治核桃蚜(Bosch,1970)等     

新疆粮棉混作生态区茧蜂种类调查初报

报道了新疆南、北、东3个主要粮棉混作生态区茧蜂科种类14个亚科,28个属,63种;其中新疆新记录18种,国内新记录3种.调查分析表明:小腹茧蜂亚科Microgastrinae、茧蜂亚科Braconinae、内茧蜂亚科Rogadinae和蚜茧蜂亚科Aphidiinae种类的数量在新疆粮棉混作生态区占明显优势地位.     

少毛蚜茧蜂属一新种及四新纪录种记述：（膜翅目：蚜茧蜂科）

本文记述1985至1987年对河北、山西两省少毛蚜茧蜂种类调查结果,其中有一新种:侧柏少毛蚜茧蜂Pauesia platyclaudi Zhang ＆ Ji,sp.nov.四个中国新纪录种:北海道少毛蚜茧蜂Pauesia jezoensis(Watanabe)、落叶松少毛蚜茧蜂Pauesia laricis(Haliday)、空沼少毛蚜茧蜂Pauesia soranumensis Watanabe ＆ Takada和松少毛蚜茧蜂Pauesia pini(Haliday)。     

豆柄瘤蚜茧峰的嗅觉定向反应(英文)

豆柄瘤蚜茧蜂Lysiphlebusfabarum对能寄生于包括大豆蚜Aphisglycines和豆蚜A.craccivora的多种蚜虫中。本实验研究了豆柄瘤蚜茧蜂在风洞中对以下气味源的嗅觉走向反应：未受损伤的寄主食料植株（UD）、机械损伤的寄主食料植株（MD）、蚜害植株（AD ,带蚜虫;AD～,不带蚜虫）、以及致害蚜虫。发现以豆蚜为寄主的豆柄瘤好茧蜂对AD 和AD~的正走向率高于对UD和MD的正走向率,以大豆蚜为寄主的豆柄瘤蚜虽峰对AD 的趋性高于对UD和大豆蚜。同时,豆柄瘤蚜茧蜂对UD、MD和致害蚜虫的定向反应率没有显著差异。这说明植食性昆虫的取食活动能诱导被害植株提高自身对害虫天敌的吸引力。此外还发现大豆是否受蚜害并不直接影响大豆蚜进行寄主定位。     

茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂生物学特性初步研究

茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂Lysiphlebus testaceipes Cresson是寄生于苜蓿蚜Aphis craccivora Koch等蚜虫的一种重要寄生蜂.通过田间自然种群的调查,并在室内观察其发育历期的形态特征.在25℃恒温,16 h光照,8h黑暗,相对湿度60%～ 70%的条件下,茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂的发育历期为卵期:1...     

球孢白僵菌对烟蚜茧蜂生命参数及控害效果的影响

在室内评价了球孢白僵菌对烟蚜茧蜂生命参数及控害效果的影响。分别在烟蚜茧蜂寄生桃蚜后不同时间进行高剂量（1900孢子/mm^{2）接菌,检测蚜虫感病率和寄生蜂形成的僵蚜率及僵蚜出蜂率。结果表明,球孢白僵菌对僵蚜率和僵蚜出蜂率的影响随接菌时间不同而变化。在烟蚜茧蜂寄生前1d、寄生当天和寄生后3d接菌,蚜虫感病率分别为59.6%、56.2%和34.8%;与对照相比,僵蚜率分别下降94%、59%和47%,僵蚜出蜂率分别减少83%、54%和49%。在寄生后5d或7d接菌,僵蚜率和僵蚜出蜂率不受明显影响,但蚜虫感病率降低到8.2%以下。对蚜尸内白僵菌菌体含量检测表明,随着烟蚜茧蜂寄生后接菌时间的推移,菌体数量迅速下降。寄生蜂寄生后5d或7d接菌,蚜尸内几乎检测不到菌体。直接喷雾接菌烟蚜茧蜂,成蜂寿命缩短4d左右,且81.8%的蜂尸受白僵菌感染。接菌后的寄生蜂对蚜虫寄生率几乎无影响,但寄生蜂在蚜虫体内的存活时间缩短了27.8%。}     

球孢白僵菌对烟蚜茧蜂生命参数及控害效果的影响

在室内评价了球孢白僵菌对烟蚜茧蜂生命参数及控害效果的影响。分别在烟蚜茧蜂寄生桃蚜后不同时间进行高剂量(1900孢子/mm2)接菌,检测蚜虫感病率和寄生蜂形成的僵蚜率及僵蚜出蜂率。结果表明,球孢白僵菌对僵蚜率和僵蚜出蜂率的影响随接菌时间不同而变化。在烟蚜茧蜂寄生前1d、寄生当天和寄生后3d接菌,蚜虫感病率分别为59.6%、56.2%和34.8%;与对照相比,僵蚜率分别下降94%、59%和47%,僵蚜出蜂率分别减少83%、54%和49%。在寄生后5d或7d接菌,僵蚜率和僵蚜出蜂率不受明显影响,但蚜虫感病率降低到8.2%以下。对蚜尸内白僵菌菌体含量检测表明,随着烟蚜茧蜂寄生后接菌时间的推移,菌体数量迅速下降。寄生蜂寄生后5d或7d接菌,蚜尸内几乎检测不到菌体。直接喷雾接菌烟蚜茧蜂,成蜂寿命缩短4d左右,且81.8%的蜂尸受白僵菌感染。接菌后的寄生蜂对蚜虫寄生率几乎无影响,但寄生蜂在蚜虫体内的存活时间缩短了27.8%。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.