海参资源及其生物活性物质的研究

海参属棘皮动物门海参纲,是海洋中重要的食物和药物资源。全世界海参资源比较丰富,目前已知约有1000种,我国约有140多种。海参含有多种生物活性物质,如多糖、甾醇、皂苷、脂肪酸和毒素等,具有增加免疫力、抗肿瘤、抗凝血、保护神经组织、镇痛、抗真菌、降低血黏度等作用。本综述了国内外海参资源分布、海参生物活性物质组成及其药理作用。     

海洋动物来源活性物质的研究新进展

海洋动物因具有产生抗菌物质、抗肿瘤物质、抗病毒物质、免疫调节物质等活性产物的巨大潜力,备受研究人员重视。近年来,各 国研究者已从海洋动物中分离出了数千种结构新颖的活性物质,为新药的开发提供了坚实的基础。简要介绍了近六年来海绵、珊瑚、海参、 海鞘等海洋动物来源的活性物质研究进展,旨在为海洋药用动物资源的开发利用提供参考。     

我国海洋抗肿瘤药物的产业化出路

海洋富含结构新颖的抗肿瘤活性物质,已成为全世界普遍关注的研究热点。国际已上市的海洋抗肿瘤药物有阿糖胞苷(Cytarabine)、曲贝替定(Ecteinascidin-743)、甲磺酸艾日布林(Eribulin mesylate)等,还有许多源自海洋生物的抗肿瘤候选药物正在进行临床前和临床研究。我国海洋抗肿瘤物质研究成果在国际上占有相当份额,但与产业化严重脱节。通过了解国内外海洋抗肿瘤药物的研究进展和产业方向,分析了我国海洋抗肿瘤药物产业化过程存在的药源开发不足、知识产权缺乏、资金投入不足、临床周期长等问题,提出了以市场需求,多学科相互交叉为基础,产学研合作模式为主体的自主知识产权药物研究体系,从关键技术、产品市场和产业政策等方面为加速我国海洋抗肿瘤药物的产业化提供有益思考。     

海参的形态结构和生活习性

海参属棘皮动物门的海参纲。在世界的海洋中约有海参500多种,我国沿海常见的刺参有60多种,其中可食用的海参有楯手目的刺参科和海参科20多种。在食用海参中,除了刺参Stichopus iaponicus Selenka产于辽宁、河北和山东沿海外,多产于广东、福建沿海,特别是广东的海南岛和西沙群岛。海参除了蛋白质含量高、胆固醇含量几乎等于零,是一种优良的高蛋白食物外,还是我国的传统中药,它具有补肾益精、养血润燥的作用。近年来,天津药物研究所发现,海参含有粘多糖,经动物试验,海参所含的粘多糖能制止癌细胞的生长和转移。随着海     

海洋糖类创新药物研究进展

海洋生物资源作为一种可持续利用的再生性资源,为我们提供了丰富的海洋特征化合物,特别是糖类化合物已经成为寻找和发现海洋创新药物的重要源泉。海洋糖类化合物依据其来源可分为:海洋植物来源、动物来源及微生物来源糖类分子,而不同来源的糖类化合物由于其结构存在较大差异,可被用于不同功能的糖类药物研发。综述了海洋来源糖类化合物的结构与活性特征、修饰与衍生方法以及相关糖类药物研发的最新进展。尽管我国有丰富的海洋生物资源,且在海洋糖药物研发方面走在世界前列,然而目前糖类药物开发仍面临巨大挑战,亟需有效解决糖类先导化合物的作用靶点、作用机制、药代动力学性质以及安全性评价等方面问题,进而建立完善的糖类药物研发技术平台,加快推进我国具有自主知识产权的海洋糖类创新药物的研究与开发。     

海参皂甙的研究进展

海洋活性物质是近年来新药原型化合物研究的热点.本文综述了海参皂甙（sea cucumber glycosides）的研究进展,着重列举了近20年来新发现的40多种海参皂甙,并介绍了这些海参皂甙的主要药理活性和结构特征.     

海洋药物藻酸双酯钠研究进展及启示

通过总结我国自主研发的第一个海洋药物藻酸双酯钠（propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate,PSS）近30年的生产和临床应用情况,对其生产工艺和质量标准、药理活性、临床用药和不良反应等进行系统深入的探讨,阐明PSS的构效关系和作用机制,以期进行PSS产品的更新换代,提高市场竞争力,扩大PSS临床新的适应症等,从而实现对PSS的技术改造和升级,进一步为广大患者提供更加安全有效的海洋药物,为海洋多糖类药物的研究与开发提供参考。     

西北野生药用植物红茂草资源的研究与利用

<正>化学工业出版社出版本书是我国首部关于红茂草(秃疮花)药物资源研究与开发的专著,以我国西部地区两年生或多年生特色野生药用植物红茂草为研究对象,采用天然药物化学、生态学、植物学、药理学等相结合的实验研究方法,从种质资源分布与生理学特征、人工栽培与田间规范化种植、药物活性成分检测提取与分离鉴定、生物活性与药理作用、临床应用与产业化开发等多个角度进行了全面系统的定位研究,为我国药用植物的研究与开发提供了一定的科学数据与理论基础。     

中国重要海洋动物遗传多样性的研究进展

海洋动物遗传多样性的研究不仅可以揭示物种的起源与进化历史,而且为遗传资源的保存、海水养殖动物育种和遗传改良及整个海洋生态环境的修复和稳定等工作提供理论依据.本文概述了近十几年来我国重要海洋动物(主要包括鱼类、虾蟹类和贝类)遗传多样性研究所取得的成果,具体阐述其在种质鉴定、系统进化、群体遗传结构分析和良种培育等方面的应用,以期进一步推动海洋动物遗传多样性研究,加快优良种质的培育,促进海水养殖业的健康发展,实现海洋生物资源的合理开发和可持续利用.     

海洋微生物资源多样性

海洋微生物资源多样性李越中（山东大学生命科学学院微生物技术国家重点实验室济南２５０１００）陈琦（山东省农业科学院农业部绿色食品检测中心济南２５０１００）丰富的海洋微生物新资源以其广阔的应用前景,吸引了世界各国和组织的大量财力和物力的投入。海洋微生物的研究内容目前主要是天然药物提取,海洋动植物病害,污染物清理等。由于基础研究的薄弱,我们对海洋微生物的了解远远落后于陆地微生物。因此在我国海洋八六...     

海参花抗氧化作用研究(英文)

目的:近年来关于天然活性成分的抗氧化特性研究越来越受到人们的关注,大量研究表明海参能通过抗氧化作用,减轻自由基对组织的损伤,提高机体免疫力。环磷酰胺可引起组织氧化损伤,导致卵巢早衰。为此,本文着重研究海参花对卵巢早衰(POF)小鼠的抗氧化作用。方法:选取健康雌性昆明小鼠80只,随机分为8组,每组10只,分别为正常组,模型组,海参花水提物低、高剂量组,海参花醇提物低、高剂量组,海参花冻干粉组和阳性药组。除正常组每天注射生理盐水外,其余各组每天注射环磷酰胺(28mg/kg),连续5天,造成小鼠卵巢早衰、生殖系统紊乱。造模成功后,治疗组分别灌服海参花提取物和阳性药,正常组和模型组给予同体积蒸馏水。末次灌胃禁食,处死迅速解剖取出卵巢和子宫,低温下匀浆组织。测定各组小鼠卵巢及子宫组织中总蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量,并测定各组小鼠间子宫、卵巢、脾、胸腺脏器系数。结果:与模型组相比,海参花提取物能显著增加小鼠的子宫、卵巢、胸腺等脏器重量,升高卵巢及子宫组织中总蛋白含量、SOD活性、GSH-Px活性,并能降低MDA含量。结论:海参花提取物能改善环磷酰胺引起的卵巢和子宫氧化损伤,具有良好的抗氧化作用,为海参花的研究开发提供理论依据。     

Marine biotechnology advances towards applications in new functional foods

The marine ecosystem is still an untapped reservoir of biologically active compounds, which have considerable potential to supply food ingredients towards development of new functional foods. With the goal of increasing the availability and chemical diversity of functional marine ingredients, much research has been developed using biotechnological tools to discover and produce new compounds.     

产生物活性物质海洋放线菌的筛选和鉴定

本实验从辽宁大连海域的海水、海泥和海参养殖圈的样品中分离得到38株海洋放线菌,以金黄色葡萄球菌、溶壁微球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、副溶血性弧菌和铜绿假单胞杆菌为指示菌,筛选出两株抑菌活性高的菌株,分别命名为HS-B31和HS-B34。16S r DNA测序鉴定及构建系统发育树的结果显示,它们都属于放线菌目、链霉菌属的不同种。对两株链霉菌的发酵上清液进行萃取、粗提和浓缩得到粗提物,即B31和B34;抗菌作用的结果显示,这两种粗提物的抗菌效果均为显著。经薄层层析分析,并利用制备型层析板对粗提物B31和B34进行活性物质的分离制备,共得到八个组分,即B31-1、B31-2、B31-3、B31-4、B31-5和B34-1、B34-2、B34-3。用滤纸片法对这些组分进行抗菌检测,结果显示组分B31-3和B34-3不仅对革兰氏阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌有较好的抑菌作用,而且对海洋致病菌革兰氏阴性菌副溶血性弧菌也显示出较强的抑菌效果。研究为新型抗生素的研制和应用提供了微生物新资源。     

海洋生物资源开发研究概况与展望

对各类主要的海洋生物资源开发研究作了简洁概述,从海洋生物体内获取的各种活性物质,除可研究海洋药物外,还可开发海洋生物功能性保健品,海洋生物化工产品等;此外,尚可利用其特异的化学结构作为先导物,设计合成治疗疑难病的创新药物。可以预言,２１世纪将是人类研究、开发、利用海洋生物资源的黄金时代     

Isolation of sphingoid bases of sea cucumber cerebrosides and their cytotoxicity against human colon cancer cells

Sea cucumber is a health-beneficial food, and contains a variety of physiologically active substances including glycosphingolipids. We show here the sphingoid base composition of cerebrosides prepared from sea cucumber and the cytotoxicity against human colon cancer cell lines. The composition of sphingoid bases prepared from sea cucumber was different from that of mammals, and the major constituents estimated from mass spectra had a branched C17-19 alkyl chain with 1-3 double bonds. The viability of DLD-1, WiDr and Caco-2 cells treated with sea cucumber sphingoid bases was reduced in a dose-dependent manner and was similar to that of cells treated with sphingosine. The sphingoid bases induced such a morphological change as condensed chromatin fragments and increased the caspase-3 activity, indicating that the sphingoid bases reduced the cell viability by causing apoptosis in these cells. Sphingolipids of sea cucumber might therefore serve as bioactive dietary components to suppress colon cancer.     

Isolation of Sphingoid Bases of Sea Cucumber Cerebrosides and Their Cytotoxicity against Human Colon Cancer Cells

Sea cucumber is a health-beneficial food, and contains a variety of physiologically active substances including glycosphingolipids. We show here the sphingoid base composition of cerebrosides prepared from sea cucumber and the cytotoxicity against human colon cancer cell lines. The composition of sphingoid bases prepared from sea cucumber was different from that of mammals, and the major constituents estimated from mass spectra had a branched C17–19 alkyl chain with 1–3 double bonds. The viability of DLD-1, WiDr and Caco-2 cells treated with sea cucumber sphingoid bases was reduced in a dose-dependent manner and was similar to that of cells treated with sphingosine. The sphingoid bases induced such a morphological change as condensed chromatin fragments and increased the caspase-3 activity, indicating that the sphingoid bases reduced the cell viability by causing apoptosis in these cells. Sphingolipids of sea cucumber might therefore serve as bioactive dietary components to suppress colon cancer.     

The nutritional value of holothurians

In the current decade, holothurians are becoming more popular among researchers due to the recently obtained data about the chemical structures and physiological activities of bioactive ingredients that are extracted from these marine invertebrates. In Southeast Asia, Japan, Korea, and China, the use of these animals as a valuable food product and an object of traditional folk medicine has had a long history. At the same time, in western countries, as well as in Russia, products from sea cucumbers are little known and are often considered as an exotic oriental cuisine. This paper provides an analytical review of the literature that is dedicated to the nutritional value of holothurians as a potential source of components for functional food and nutraceuticals.     

Inhibition of the development of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) by extracts of marine algae from Brittany, France

The inhibitory effects of aqueous, ethanolic and dichloromethane fractions from 16 marine algae from the Atlantic shores of North-East Brittany, France, have been investigated against microorganisms frequently associated with immersed surfaces. The extracts were tested in vitro against isolates of marine fungi, bacteria and yeasts potentially involved at different stages in the formation of biofilms in the sea. The high levels of inhibitory activity of nine extracts against marine fungi and Gram-positive bacteria and their apparent absence of toxicity against larvae of oysters and sea urchins suggests a potential for novel active ingredients. Received: 30 December 1998 / Received revision: 25 April 2000 / Accepted: 1 May 2000