重配技术构建高产H1N1型流感疫苗病毒株

目的以经典重配技术制备高产H1N1流感疫苗病毒株。方法以野生型A1/云南昆明/03/2009(H1N1)作为HA及NA基因的供体株,以WHO疫苗株A/Perth/16/2009(H3N2)作为高产基因供体株,共同感染SPF鸡胚,经抗H3及抗N2血清中和筛选法及终末稀释法筛选高产重配H1N1病毒。结果获得一株重配H1N1流感病毒株,病毒血凝滴度为1∶4 096,病毒滴度为7.8 lg EID50/mL,显示为鸡胚高产病毒株;血凝抑制结果为1∶1 024,单向免疫扩散试验结果为阳性,证明抗原性与野生株一致;基因测序结果表明重配株的HA及NA基因序列与野生株序列一致。结论构建了高产重配H1H1流感疫苗病毒株,并应用经典重配技术建立了制备高产流感疫苗病毒株的技术平台。     

一株2011年出现的季节性甲型H1N1流行性感冒病毒血凝素基因特性的研究

本文通过比较2011年分离培养的1株季节性甲型H1N1流行性感冒(简称流感)病毒(A/Shanghai/1167/2011(H1N1))与历年季节性甲型H1N1流感病毒的血凝素(HA)基因,追溯该病毒的基因变异与来源,探讨该毒株的出现对流感防控工作的意义.采用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法扩增病毒的HA和神经氨酸酶(NA)片段,并进行测序;应用分子生物学软件对获得的序列进行分析,绘制基因进化树;同时,通过血凝抑制试验检测2011年下半年健康人群中该流感病毒的抗体水平.结果显示,A/Shanghai/1167/2011(H1N1)的HA基因序列与世界卫生组织(WHO)2007～2008年季节性甲型H1N1流感病毒疫苗株A/Brisbane/59/2007(H1N1)最接近,同源性达99.2%,与新型甲型H1N1流感病毒A/California/07/2009疫苗株同源性仅为72.4%.其HA基因裂解位点为PSIQSR↓GLF,尚未出现高致病性的分子特征.HA片段共编码557个氨基酸,有9个潜在的糖基化位点,序列与2009年前WHO疫苗株A/NewCaledonia/20/1999(H1N1)、A/SolomonIslands/3/2006(H1N1)和/Brisbane/59/2007(H1N1)相比,分别有15、12和4处不同,这些差异分布在Sa、Sb、Ca1、Ca2、Cb 5个抗原决定簇的氨基酸差异分别有5、5和2处.该毒株在健康人群血清的抗体阳性率为34.33%,几何平均效价(GMT)为10.38.A/Shanghai/1167/2011(H1N1)是2011年出现在上海地区的一个季节性甲型H1N1流感病毒毒株,其抗原变异与既往季节性甲型H1N1流感病毒相比不大,但在以A(H1N1)pdm09为主要流行株的年份检测到散在发生的既往季节性甲型H1N1流感病毒毒株应当引起重视,其在人群中的抗体水平较低,易引起流行,需要提高对类流感人群中此种毒株的持续监测.     

猪流感病毒H1N1血凝素基因和神经氨酸酶基因在大肠杆菌中的表达

克隆、表达和鉴定猪流感病毒H1N1 HA,NA基因序列,为制备抗体和基因工程疫苗打下基础。在成功克隆猪流感病毒H1N1全长HA、NA基因并测序的基础上,将部分基因序列克隆到表达载体pET32a(+)上,全基因序列克隆到表达载体pGEX4T-1上,构建了重组表达质粒pET32a(+)/HA(截短),pET32a(+)/NA(截短),pGEX4T-1/NA,转化大肠杆菌BL21/Rosetta,IPTG诱导表达,利用Ni2+亲和层析柱和GSTrap 4B亲和层析柱对重组蛋白进行纯化,并用Western Blotting和ELISA方法检测其抗原性。结果显示,重组蛋白在大肠杆菌中可以高效表达,SDS-PAGE显示其相对分子质量与预计大小一致。ELISA和Western blotting试验证实,重组蛋白具有良好的抗原性。本研究成功克隆和表达了猪流感病毒H1N1 HA、NA基因序列,为猪流感病毒H1N1诊断试剂和疫苗的开发等进一步的研究奠定了基础。     

海南省2016-2018年A(H1N1)pdm09亚型流感病毒基因特性分析

2009年A(H1N1)pdm09亚型流感病毒在墨西哥暴发,之后在全世界流行。为了解海南省2016-2018年A(H1N1)pdm09亚型流感病毒流行态势,分析血凝素(HA)与神经氨酸酶(NA)基因遗传进化特征与变异情况,本研究从中国流感监测信息系统获取海南省2016-2018年流感病毒病原学监测数据,选取5家流感监测网络实验室分离鉴定的37株A(H1N1)pdm09亚型流感毒株进行HA与NA基因测序,利用MEGA 10.1.8构建HA与NA基因种系进化树,并分析其氨基酸变异情况。结果显示,2016-2018年共出现3次A(H1N1)pdm09亚型流感病毒活动高峰。2017年10月份以后的分离株(4/8)与2018年大部分分离株(21/22)独立于疫苗株A/Michigan/45/2015聚为一个小支,发生20余处HA与NA氨基酸位点变异。与疫苗株A/California/7/2009(2010-2016)相比,2016-2018年流感病毒分离株在HA基因抗原决定簇上发生7处氨基酸变异并有一个潜在糖基化位点,未发现HA基因受体结合位点变异与NA基因耐药性变异。本研究提示,2016-2018年,A(H1N1)pdm09亚型流感病毒逐步发生规律性进化,氨基酸变异频率有增加趋势,今后应持续加强流感病毒病原学监测,密切追踪A(H1N1)pdm09亚型流感病毒基因变异情况,为科学防控提供理论依据。     

深圳市新甲型H1N1流感病毒感染病例的血清学及分子特点分析

本研究通过对深圳市4名甲流重症患者的血清抗体及其所感染的新甲型H1N1流感病毒的抗原性和分子特点的分析,发现这些患者在感染后短期内产生的血清中和抗体滴度均不超过1:20,不能起到有效的保护作用;交叉血凝抑制实验的结果显示新H1N1病毒与季节性H1N1和H3N2流感病毒无任何交叉反应,抗原性差异很大,而患者所感染的病毒与标准株的抗原性则没有太大差异;分子特点的分析表明新H1N1病毒进入人群后依然属于经典的猪流感亚系,4名重症患者感染的病毒不具备高致病性流感病毒的遗传特点,几个氨基酸位点的变异没有影响病毒的毒力和致病性,只有一株毒株的NA蛋白发生了His275Tyr的突变,产生了对达菲等神经氨酸酶抑制剂的耐药性。     

奥司他韦对我国A(H3N2)亚型流感病毒红细胞凝集和抑制试验的影响

比较加入神经氨酸酶抑制剂奥司他韦(Oseltamivir)对我国A(H3N2)亚型流感病毒红细胞凝集(Hemagglutination,HA)和凝集抑制(Hemagglutinin inhibition,HI)试验结果的影响,以期获得病毒更真实的HA和抗原性变异分析结果。选择2014年10月-2015年5月在中国大陆分离的395株A(H3N2)亚型流感病毒,在HA及HI试验中加入神经氨酸酶抑制剂Oseltamivir,对实验结果进行比较分析,根据HA试验,挑选其中部分毒株进行基因组测序,比较NA氨基酸位点变异情况。在HA试验中加入神经氨酸酶抑制剂Oseltamivir后,44.8%的毒株HA滴度未改变;43.8%的毒株HA滴度下降,仅有11.4%的毒株HA滴度升高。加入Oseltamivir后,与A/TX/50/2012鸡胚株抗原性类似的毒株的比例高于未加入Oseltamivir时,与A/SZ/9715293/13细胞株抗原性类似的毒株的比例低于未加入Oseltamivir时类似株的比例,统计学分析有显著性差异。以A/TX/50/2012细胞分离株和A/SZ/9715293/133鸡胚分离株作为参考病毒,Oseltamivir对实验结果的影响无显著性差异。挑选19株A(H3N2)亚型流感毒株进行基因组测序,进行NA蛋白氨基酸位点分析,与A/TX/50/2012鸡胚分离株相比加入20nM Oseltamivir后,滴度降低超过4倍的5株毒株,没有共同氨基酸位点变异,但A/山东莱城/119/2015流感毒株有D151G氨基酸位点突变;A/吉林铁西/1194/2015流感毒株有V412I和T434A氨基酸位点变异。加入20nM Oseltamivir后,滴度降低为2~4倍的毒株,具有I26T、G93S、V149I、N234D、T267K、S416G等位点突变。在对我国近年流行的A(H3N2)亚型流感病毒进行血凝滴度和抗原性分析中,加入Oseltamivir可获得更为真实的HA和HI结果,分析病毒的变异情况,评价疫苗的匹配性。     

2013～2014年度中国H3N2亚型流感病毒病原学特征分析

为分析2013~2014流感监测年度中国大陆地区H3N2亚型流感病毒的抗原性和基因变异情况,本文选择了本监测年度中国分离的H3N2亚型流感病毒,利用标准雪貂抗血清进行抗原性分析,利用Sanger测序法进行病毒基因测序,采用邻位相临法(Neighbor-Joining,N-J)方法进行种系进化分析,分析我国H3N2亚型流感病毒的变异情况,进一步比较其与疫苗株的匹配性。抗原分析显示,本监测年度H3N2亚型流感病毒大部分为疫苗株A/Victoria/361/2011细胞株的类似株(99.6%),但以A/Texas/50/2012鸡胚株为参考抗原,只有15.1%为类似株,仅有11.9%与中国流行株的鸡胚分离株A/Shanghai-Changning/1507/2012抗原性类似。HA基因特性分析显示我国毒株均位于同一大分支,NA基因没有发现与耐药性相关的氨基酸位点突变。总之,2013~2014流感监测年度我国H3N2亚型流感病毒在流行过程中未发生明显变异,但病毒在鸡胚中传代会导致关键氨基酸位点变异。应及时分析并发现我国病毒的抗原性和基因特性变异情况,推选出更适合我国的疫苗株。     

江苏首例甲型H1N1(2009)流感病毒分离及其血凝素分子遗传特征分析

2009年6月12日,江苏确诊首例甲型H1N1(2009)病例。通过细胞和鸡胚分离系统,我们分离到一株具有较高血凝活性的病毒,命名为A/Jiangsu/1/2009。为了跟踪病毒的变异情况,我们开展了病毒的全基因组测序工作,在此基础上对其血凝素基因(Haemagglutinin,HA)的遗传特性进行了详细研究。分离株HA蛋白不具有多碱基HA裂解位点,具有低致病性流感病毒特点。与参考株A/California/04/2009相比,分离株A/Jiangsu/1/2009HA蛋白的有4个氨基酸发生了突变,但都不在已知的抗原位点上。分离株有5个潜在糖基化位点,这与近年来古典猪H1N1和北美三源重配猪H1病毒完全一致,保留了古典猪H1的特点。与禽流感H1病毒相比,分离株HA蛋白受体结合位点上的E190D和G225D发生突变,这可能成为新甲型H1N1(2009)在人际间传播的一个重要分子基础。此外,其它受体结合位点上相关氨基酸同时具有人和猪流感病毒的特点。本研究首次对早期流行的甲型H1N1(2009)流感病毒的HA蛋白的分子遗传特征进行了详细研究,对进一步监测病原变异具有重要指导意义。     

一株达菲耐药的甲型H1N1流感病毒全基因特征分析

目的分析1株甲型H1N1流感达菲耐药病毒株的全基因特征,为指导流感临床治疗与防控提供依据。方法采用鸡胚进行病毒分离,提取病毒RNA,通过RT-PCR扩增其全基因组8个基因片段,测定核苷酸序列,利用生物信息软件拼接全基因组序列,绘制基因进化树并分析重要基因位点变异情况。结果 A/Fuzhou/SWL11609/2013(H1N1)流感毒株的8个节段基因均处于2013-2014年度进化簇中,且与A/California/07/2009(H1N1)疫苗株高度同源,8个基因同源性均在97.4%以上;其HA和NA基因与A/Hubei-Wuchang/SWL1322/2013(H1N1)达菲耐药株同源性最高,分别为100.0%和99.6%;初步判断该毒株未发生重配现象,其重要致病性基因位点未发生变异;NA基因中具有H275Y典型达菲耐药位点特征,缺失一个糖基化位点(N386K),降低了基因结构的稳定性,同时在V241I和N369K的作用下降低了病毒的适应性。结论本次研究的甲型H1N1流感达菲耐药病毒株表现为低致病性流感病毒特征,但具备较好的人传人能力,需进一步加强监测,谨防耐药株的广泛流行。     

长沙A(H1N1)亚型季节性流感暴发疫情的实验室诊断及其HA基因特性分析

对2009 年长沙麓山国际学校流感暴发疫情进行实验室诊断, 并探索新分离的A(H1N1)亚型流感病毒血凝素(HA)的基因特性。对流感暴发疫情的25 份鼻/咽拭子标本进行RT-PCR检测和流感病毒分离, 然后利用CEQ?8000 Genetic Analysis System对病毒分离株(A/Yuelu/314/2009)进行测序, 测序结果提交至GenBank(登录号: FJ912843)并用ClustalX和Mega4.1软件进行序列分析。结果显示, 分离出A(H1N1)亚型流感毒株18株, 检出21份A(H1N1)亚型流感病毒核酸阳性; A/Yuelu/314/2009(H1N1) HA基因序列与2008~2009 年疫苗株(A/Brisbane/59/2007)比较显示: 核苷酸和氨基酸同源性均为99%, 有6个位点的氨基酸发生了变异(V148A、S158N、G202A、I203D、A206T、W435R), 其中一个S158N氨基酸变异位于B抗原表位, HA基因序列上共有潜在糖基化位点9 个(27、28、40、71、151、176、303、497、536), 与A/Brisbane/59/2007相同且氨基酸序列保守。本实验诊断出此次流感暴发疫情的病原体为A(H1N1)型季节性流感病毒, 研究还发现A/Yuelu/314/2009(H1N1)长沙分离株与A/Brisbane/59/2007 疫苗株基因序列比较显示并未形成一个新的变种, 推测是由于分离株与疫苗株之间基因特性的改变和人群对A(H1N1)亚型流感病毒免疫力降低导致了此次长沙麓山国际学校A(H1N1)亚型流感的暴发。     

Translocation of the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 (IRAK-1) into the nucleus

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) signal transduction involves the recruitment of the IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 (IRAK-1). Subsequent signaling finally leads to nuclear translocation of NFkappaB. We here show that the association and autophosphorylation of IRAK-1 was already detectable 30 s after IL-1 stimulation of ECV 304 cells. Significant levels of IRAK-1 accumulated in the nucleus 30 min after IL-1 stimulation shown by Western blot analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Nuclear transfer of IRAK-1 upon IL-1 stimulation was confirmed in the murine T cell line EL-4. This characterizes nuclear localization of IRAK-1 as a possibly essential event in the IL-1 signaling cascade.     

Modulators of the Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1

The Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1P-R) signaling system has proven to be of biological and medical importance in autoimmune settings. S1P₁-R is a validated drug target for multiple sclerosis (MS) for which FTY720 (Fingolimod), a S1P_1,3–5-R pan-agonist, was recently approved as the first orally active drug for the treatment of relapsing-remitting MS. Transient bradycardia and long half-life are the FTY720 critical pitfalls. This review provides the latest advances on next-generation S1P₁-R modulators from 2012 up to date, with an overview of the chemical structures, structure–activity relationships, and relevant biological and clinical properties.     

Fibrillin-1 regulates the bioavailability of TGFbeta1

We have discovered that fibrillin-1, which forms extracellular microfibrils, can regulate the bioavailability of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1, a powerful cytokine that modulates cell survival and phenotype. Altered TGFbeta signaling is a major contributor to the pathology of Marfan syndrome (MFS) and related diseases. In the presence of cell layer extracellular matrix, a fibrillin-1 sequence encoded by exons 44-49 releases endogenous TGFbeta1, thereby stimulating TGFbeta receptor-mediated Smad2 signaling. This altered TGFbeta1 bioavailability does not require intact cells, proteolysis, or the altered expression of TGFbeta1 or its receptors. Mass spectrometry revealed that a fibrillin-1 fragment containing the TGFbeta1-releasing sequence specifically associates with full-length fibrillin-1 in cell layers. Solid-phase and BIAcore binding studies showed that this fragment interacts strongly and specifically with N-terminal fibrillin-1, thereby inhibiting the association of C-terminal latent TGFbeta-binding protein 1 (a component of the large latent complex [LLC]) with N-terminal fibrillin-1. By releasing LLC from microfibrils, the fibrillin-1 sequence encoded by exons 44-49 can contribute to MFS and related diseases.     

Cloning the Tra1 region of RP1

The Tra1 region of RP1 from a derivative with Tn7 inserted into the kanamycin resistance determinant was cloned, using EcoRI, into the multicopy vector plasmid pBR325. For one orientation of the cloned fragment the resultant chimeric plasmid was very frequently lost from the cell, but in the other orientation it was much more stable and also compatible with RP1. Complementation by the stable chimeric plasmid, pED800, of a series of RP1 tra mutants showed that the mutations of all those retaining sensitivity to the P-specific phages PRR1, Pf3, and PR4, or only to PR4, mapped in the Tra1 region, while only 2 out of 20 amber mutations leading to full P-specific phage-resistance did so.     

Role of the ASK1-SEK1-JNK1-HIPK1 signal in Daxx trafficking and ASK1 oligomerization

Overexpression of JNK binding domain inhibited glucose deprivation-induced JNK1 activation, relocalization of Daxx from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) oligomerization in human prostate adenocarcinoma DU-145 cells. However, SB203580, a p38 inhibitor, did not prevent relocalization of Daxx and oligomerization of ASK1 during glucose deprivation. Studies from in vivo labeling and immune complex kinase assay demonstrated that phosphorylation of Daxx occurred during glucose deprivation, and its phosphorylation was mediated through the ASK1-SEK1-JNK1-HIPK1 signal transduction pathway. Data from immunofluorescence staining and protein interaction assay suggest that phosphorylated Daxx may be translocated to the cytoplasm, bind to ASK1, and subsequently lead to ASK1 oligomerization. Mutation of Daxx Ser667 to Ala results in suppression of Daxx relocalization during glucose deprivation, suggesting that Ser667 residue plays an important role in the relocalization of Daxx. Unlike wild-type Daxx, a Daxx deletion mutant (amino acids 501-625) mainly localized to the cytoplasm, where it associated with ASK1, activated JNK1, and induced ASK1 oligomerization without glucose deprivation. Taken together, these results show that glucose deprivation activates the ASK1-SEK1-JNK1-HIPK1 pathway, and the activated HIPK1 is probably involved in the relocalization of Daxx from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The relocalized Daxx may play an important role in glucose deprivation-induced ASK1 oligomerization.     

Organization of the human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene IL1HY1

 The interleukin (IL)-1 family of proteins plays an important role in inflammatory and defense mechanisms. The recently characterized IL1HY1 cDNA encodes a new member of the IL-1 receptor antagonist family (IL-1ra). In this report, we describe the complete nucleotide sequence of the human IL1HY1 gene. We sequenced approximately 7600 nucleotides and found four coding exons ranging in size from 55 to 2288 nucleotides. The 5′ untranslated region is formed by one of two alternatively used exons and one invariably present exon which also contains the region encoding the first nine amino acids of the protein. IL1HY1 and IL-1ra intron positions are well conserved within the protein-coding region, providing evidence that these genes arose from a duplication of a primordial IL-1 receptor antagonist gene. Received: 15 October 1999 / Revised: 30 December 1999