战“疫”时期“病毒生物学”课程的教学调整与思考

2020年春天,全球进入对抗新型冠状病毒(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)感染引起的"新冠"肺炎(Coronavirus Disease,COVID-19)疫情的斗争中。为了适应全民抗"疫"的新形势,引导学生理性地、科学地认识此次病毒疫情,"病毒生物学"课程的教学从内容到形式也进行了同步设计与微调。除了将教学模式由线下教学变成线上直播,本课程结合疫情发展情况在学期初进行COVID-19的专题讲座,以及通过"COVID-19-5 min"形式每次上课进行疫情周报解读,分析国内外疫情并传授病毒流行病学相关知识。另外,对"病毒生物学"的教学计划和教学内容做了适当微调,更多关注病毒性传染疾病发展和相关科学研究的进展。通过对在线教学从教学模式、教学过程和教学内容的设计和调整,强化教学效果的反馈和改善,引导学生不信谣、不传谣,帮助学生加强对新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)及疫情的科学认识。通过教学内容和教学形式的调整以及病毒疫情相关知识点的强化,激发了生物学专业学生对病毒学、流行病学及公共卫生健康等问题的关注。     

PBL+LBL教学模式在留学生医学微生物学教学中的实践

由于留学生的特殊性导致他们对传统教学模式的不适应,医学微生物学的课程特点使留学生学习掌握相关知识较困难,有必要探索好的教学方法,提高教学质量。我国传统的LBL教学模式和国际上流行的PBL教学模式各有优缺点,我们融合PBL和LBL的优点,互补其缺点,对留学生医学微生物学课程采取PBL+LBL教学模式,既发挥PBL教学法打破学科界限,容易调动学生学习积极性,注重培养学生自主学习和团结协作能力的特点,又结合LBL教学法传授知识系统、完整,培养学生基础理论扎实等优势。教学实践证明,PBL+LBL教学法运用于留学生医学微生物学教学,能激发留学生学习兴趣,在增强留学生对医学微生物学基础理论和基本技能掌握的同时,培养留学生知识整合的能力及创新思维的医学综合能力,提高教学质量。     

建构主义教学模式在医学微生物学教学实践中的应用

传统的教学模式是以"教师为中心",建构主义教学模式强调"以学生为主体"。医学微生物学教学存在课时少、内容繁杂、知识点琐碎、逻辑性较差等特点,采用传统教学模式往往不能达到较好的教学效果。通过将建构主义理论引入医学微生物学教学实践中,我们设计了适合医学微生物学的建构主义教学模式,充分调动学生的主动性、积极性和创造性。该模式的应用,进一步提高了医学微生物学的教学质量,增加了学生综合素质的培养。     

针对留学生的医学微生物学教学体会与探讨

医学微生物学是医学院校各专业的一门重要基础课程,也是一门较难讲解的课程,针对留学生尤为如此。针对我校留学生在医学微生物学教学中出现的问题,在如何克服语言障碍、选择教材和教学内容、优化教学方法与手段、严格教学管理和考核制度等方面我们做了诸多尝试,现将我们的一些体会和经验与各位同仁共同探讨,以期提高留学生医学微生物学教学水平。     

Strategies against Burnout and Anxiety in Medical Education – Implementation and Evaluation of a New Course on Relaxation Techniques (Relacs) for Medical Students

Burnout and stress-related mental disorders (depression, anxiety) occur in medical students and physicians with a significantly higher prevalence than in the general population. At the same time, the learning of coping mechanisms against stress is still not an integral part of medical education. In this pilot study we developed an elective course for learning relaxation techniques and examined the condition of the students before and after the course. 42 students participated in the semester courses in 2012 and 2013 as well as in a survey at the start and end of each course. The students were instructed in autogenic training (AT) and progressive muscle relaxation according to Jacobsen (PMR) with the goal of independent and regular exercising. At the beginning and the end of the semester/course the students were interviewed using standardized, validated questionnaires on burnout (BOSS-II) and anxiety (STAI-G), depression (BDI), quality of life (SF-12) and sense of coherence (SOC-L9). We compared the results of our students participating in Relacs with results from eight semester medical students (n = 88), assessed with the same questionnaires at similar points of time within their semester. Participating students showed a significant decline in cognitive and emotional burnout stress and in trait anxiety. Furthermore, they showed a reduction in state anxiety and a conspicuous decrease in mean depression. The sense of coherence increased at the same time. A comparative cohort of medical students of 8^th semester students, showed lower values for the specified measurement parameters at the beginning, but showed no progressive changes. Our course introducing AT and PMR led to a significant reduction of burnout and anxiety within the participating group of medical students. Even the course attendance for just one semester resulted in significant improvements in the evaluated parameters in contrast to those students who did not attend the course.     

新课程医学免疫与病原实验学的教学体会

医学免疫与病原实验学综合了医学微生物学、医学免疫学和医学寄生虫学的实验,独立为一门新课程。课程内容按照基本实验、综合实验和设计性实验三级设置。设计性实验没有给定题目,要求学生自己拟题。学生必须综合三门课程的理论知识和基本实验技术,设计并完成设计性实验。本课程的教学能达到培养学生基本操作技能、创新思维能力和全面素质的目的。进一步完善后,值得向各医学专业推广。     

留学生医学微生物学教学的体会与改革

通过分析留学生及医学微生物学的特点,从教师的选择、教材的选取、运用现代教育技术、改革考试方法和加强实验教学等环节改进留学生医学微生物学的教学;采用启发式教学、归纳对比法教学、典型病案教学法和以问题为基础教学法(PBL)来提高授课质量等,探索医学微生物学留学生教学,为医学微生物学留学生教学改革提供一定的依据。     

军校预防医学专业本科学员临床课程教学现状及建议

随着医学模式的转变,预防医学已经成为现代医疗体系的重要组成部分,在提高公共卫生健康水平方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。为了更好地开展预防医学工作,预防医学专业学员不仅要掌握牢固的预防医学专业知识,更要具备丰富的临床医学知识。针对预防医学专业本科学员的临床课程教学,我校经过多年的探索与改革,已经积累了丰富经验,教学质量较高;但现阶段仍然存在着一些问题。本文分析我校预防医学专业本科学员临床课程的教学现状及存在的主要问题,并提出建议;从而为进一步提高预防医学专业本科学员的临床课程教学质量提供依据。     

A Survey of The Appreciation of Anaerobic Infections by Venezuelan Medical Students

The background of a successful clinical diagnosis of an anaerobic infection is dependent, to a large extent, on the skills, knowledge and awareness that the examining clinician acquired during his or her time as a medical student. To assess the quality of current teaching protocols in anaerobic microbiology in Venezuela, a survey was carried out among 300 medical students attending three medical schools. The survey consisted of a questionnaire of 18 questions on fundamental aspects of anaerobic bacteria, the infections they cause and their treatment. Although there was only a poor response rate (from 16% of students), the conclusion of the study was that there was a distinct lack of knowledge and appreciation of anaerobic infections among medical students in Venezuela.     

实验准备及技术人员在提高医学微生物学教学质量中的作用

实验课是现代医学微生物学课程中不可或缺的部分。然而,在考虑医学微生物学实验教学改革时,我们往往忽略了实验课教学准备工作及实验技术人员在高质量完成教学任务中的重要性。本文结合复旦大学2000年前、2000-2010年及现阶段医学微生物学实验教学改革情况,分析并讨论实验课教学准备工作必须考虑的问题及所需实验条件,提出实验技术人员素质及实验课教学准备在保证医学微生物学实验教学质量中的重要性,为医学微生物学实验教学改革提供借鉴。     

提高农业院校微生物学课程教学质量探析

微生物学是农业院校涉及生物类学生的重要专业基础课程,是连接基础课和专业课的一门桥梁学科,而在实际教学过程中却出现教学质量下滑现象。为确保教学质量,本文从教学管理、教材选用、师资队伍、教学手段四个方面分析了农业院校微生物学教学质量下滑的原因,结合自身的教学体会提出了改进建议,旨在为微生物学教学改革提供参考。     

医学微生物学实验教学改革的探索与实践

以麻醉学专业学生为研究对象,进行了传统实验教学与新实验教学模式的对比研究。新实验教学模式围绕如何在实验教学中培养学生的创新能力,从实验教学计划、教学内容、教学方法和手段、实验考核方法进行了改革和探索,增设了综合性与探索设计性实验,研制了实验多媒体课件。结果显示新实验教学模式有利于培养学生的动手能力、科研思维、创新能力以及综合分析能力,教学效果优于传统实验教学。创建了适合于培养麻醉学专业的医学微生物学实验教学体系。     

医学病例在高校普通遗传学教学中的运用

遗传学是生命科学、医学、农学等相关领域的核心课程。作为21世纪生命科学中发展最为迅速的学科之一,教学内容复杂、更新快,遗传学知识对人一生的影响也日益增强,特别是与医学相关的遗传学知识更是受到大众关注。为使学生更容易理解深奥的遗传学知识,使教学内容更贴近生活,在教学过程中引入医学病例,将相应的医学病例同遗传学理论知识结合并作出适当的延伸,将有利于提高学生的遗传学知识综合分析能力,同时提高学生的学习积极性和实用技能。本文根据现代遗传学教学体系,引入相应的医学病例,强调培养学生综合遗传分析能力,为综合性大学、师范院校的普通遗传学教学提供参考。     

医学微生物实验课教学的思考

医学微生物学是高等医学院校课程体系的重要组成部分,实验课在本课程中占有重要的地位。为提高学生学习的主动性及积极性,进而提高教学质量,作者就几年来教学经验谈些体会。     

认知主义学习理论在微生物学双语教学中的探索与实践

微生物学是高等院校生物类专业一门重要的专业基础课,也是现代生物技术的理论基础。为了顺应国际化发展趋势和提高大学生专业英语水平,越来越多的高校在微生物学教学中实行双语教学。认知主义学习理论认为学习者需要通过在学习过程中组织各种知识形成一定的知识结构,从而达到学习的目的。本文将认知主义学习理论与微生物学双语教学相结合,从发现学习促进微生物学教学、联系生活实际促进有意义学习、以学习评价进一步提高微生物学双语教学3个方面进行探讨,以期促进微生物学双语教学的良性发展。     

The use of small groups in a large lecture microbiology course

In the fall of 1997, we started using small groups in our large (100–200 students) junior level introductory microbiology course. Students form five-person groups early in the semester, and work on projects within these groups throughout the semester. These projects involve exploration of concepts such as metabolism, protein synthesis, and viral reproduction strategies and the submission of a poster describing a disease of their choice at the end of the semester. We have refined the use of the small groups during the last three semesters, and student acceptance and performance have improved steadily. In the fall semester of 1998, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of these group projects was performed. Students were chosen at random to participate in student consultation groups to discuss group projects. Furthermore, we utilized a master teacher-in-residence from the Rocky Mountain Teachers Education Collaborative (RMTEC). This teacher-in-residence attended our classes, spoke with students, helped with student consultation groups, and provided observations of student responses to group work activities. RMTEC also provided funds to hire a research assistant to conduct student consultation groups, analyze student evaluations of our course, and compare evaluations from before and after the implementation of group examinations. Additionally, the Center for Teaching and Learning at Colorado State University assisted with mid-semester evaluations in each subsequent semester. The results of our analysis show that small groups in large lectures can be an effective learning tool provided students are given well-designed activities with clearly defined, obtainable goals and clearly articulated guidelines. Our experience also shows that the manner in which the instructor presents the process to students affects students' willingness to participate in the process. It must be clearly articulated to students why he has incorporated active learning strategies into the course, what he hopes students will gain from the experience, and how he expects students to participate in these activities. We recognize the increase in workload on ourselves as instructors, but the benefits seem worth the additional time and effort. This paper describes the group process that we use and provides an evaluation of the effort. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 25, 121–126. Received 24 March 1999/ Accepted in revised form 23 November 1999     

基于网络的医学微生物学混合式教学的效果评价

根据医学微生物学的教学要求和特点,对临床医学专业采用混合式教学,即将总课时的80%用于传统课堂教学,20%用于网络课堂教学,通过对比分析考核成绩和问卷调查,评价该教学模式对医学微生物学教学效果的影响.结果显示混合式教学模式优于单一的传统课堂教学模式,并能显著提高医学微生物学的教学效果,对突破传统课堂教学的局限性和帮助学生自主学习具有重要意义.     

“微生物学”全英文课程的建设改革与思考

“微生物学”是高等院校生物类、生物工程类及相关专业的专业基础课程。目前我国高等院校的“微生物学”以中文授课为主,但随着“双一流”建设等教改政策的推进及学生求学多元化需求的增加,全英文“微生物学”课程建设已势在必行。华东理工大学自2016年即开始“微生物学”全英文授课,并在授课方式和课程内容方面进行了改革和创新。“微生物学”全英文课程开设后,学生的学习兴趣有了很大的提高,科研能力和实践能力有了长足的进步,在专业英语的听、说、读、写能力方面也领先于同年级其他同学,为“双一流”建设背景下国家级一流本科专业创新性人才培养提供了重要支撑。     

高职院校微生物实验改革探索

微生物实验课程是一门基础的专业实验课程。针对高职院校微生物学实验教学中存在的问题,通过对学生能动性的提高、教学内容的完善、实验操作技能的提升、考核方式的改革以及综合性实验的开设等方面的探讨,深化微生物学实验教学改革。     

使用外国教材进行《微生物学》英语教学的体会

采用Prescott等编撰的第5版(2002出版)为教材进行了两届生物类专业本科生的微生物学全英语教学,深切地体会到该书是一本内容丰富、结构灵活、重视对学生能力培养的优秀教材.教材内容将知识系统性和基础性有机结合,紧跟学科发展前沿,充分体现出先进性.对于教师建立科学的课堂讲授体系、丰富教学内容、保证教学效果发挥重要作用.采用英语原版教材全英文授课,有助于培养学生国际化视野和全球化发展的适应能力.