恶性疟原虫74肽抗原基因在减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的表达和家兔免疫应答

利用减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌来表达外源抗原并制备口服活菌苗,是疫苗研究的一个新的突破。作者已在减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌SL3261以β—半乳糖苷酶(GZ)融合蛋白的形式表达了人工合成的恶性疟原虫74肽基因HGFC。现报道用活菌SL3261(pWRC)(C组)、SL3261(pWR450-1)(R组)分别免疫新西兰家兔,研究其在家兔体内免疫应答的结果。     

口服型HCV融合抗原DNA疫苗在小鼠诱导免疫应答

将编码一个外源信号肽、一个通用型辅助性T淋巴细胞抗原表位和HCV核心 包膜蛋白E2融合抗原基因的真核表达质粒pST CE2t(DNA疫苗 )转化到减毒鼠伤寒沙门菌SL72 0 7.将该重组菌口服接种BALB c小鼠 3次 .小鼠的抗HCV核心和E2抗体阳转率分别达 6 0 %和 70 % .体外以重组HCV核心或E2抗原刺激小鼠脾细胞 ,均使之发生明显的增殖反应 ,且小鼠脾细胞能有效杀伤表达HCV核心抗原的同系骨髓瘤细胞SP2 0 .这为研制高效免疫、成本低廉、接种方便的HCV疫苗提供了一个新的可行途径     

携带HCV核心蛋白原核表达质粒与真核表达质粒的减毒伤寒沙门菌诱导小鼠免疫应答之比较

丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)核心蛋白是丙肝疫苗的重要候选抗原,然而,该蛋白因具有免疫调控作用而影响免疫应答的诱导。构建了HCV核心蛋白的两种表达质粒,一种是体内激活型原核表达质粒pZW-C,另一种是真核表达质粒pCI-C。将该两种质粒转化减毒鼠伤寒沙门菌SL7207,得到重组菌SL7207/pZW-C和SL7207/pCI-C,分别将重组菌口服接种小鼠,检测小鼠的免疫应答,结果发现:①SL7207/pCI-C免疫鼠的CD3 CD4 T细胞持续降低,而SL7207/pZW-C免疫鼠的CD3 CD4 T细胞无明显改变;②SL7207/pCI-C免疫只诱导低水平抗HCV核心蛋白抗体,加强免疫对抗体阳转率及抗体水平无明显影响,而SL7207/pZW-C免疫组所有小鼠均产生较高水平的抗核心蛋白抗体。③SL7207/pCI-C免疫鼠脾细胞的体外增殖活性、细胞毒性T细胞活性以及加强免疫对细胞免疫应答的增强作用均明显不及SL7207/pZW-C免疫鼠。结果提示:携带真核表达质粒pCI-C的沙门菌因在小鼠细胞内表达天然形式(结构以及磷酸化修饰)的HCV核心蛋白,可能通过对T细胞的免疫抑制作用而弱化免疫应答。而以携带原核表达质粒pZW-C的沙门菌免疫可避免这一问题,并具有接种方便,成本低廉等优点,从而可望作为基于HCV核心蛋白为靶抗原的HCV疫苗的候选免疫方式。     

丙型肝炎病毒多表位抗原在恒河猴中的免疫应答及保护性试验

利用HCV抗原多表位来研制HCV疫苗是目前的一个新方向.本研究利用HCV的HCV的5个保守表位串联,并加入破伤风类毒素上的一个T细胞激活位点,设计成一个HCV多表位抗原基因PCX,在大肠杆菌中表达,用此蛋白免疫恒河猴,诱导猴体产生了较高的抗体水平,滴度达11000以上,在免疫后的60周抗体滴度仍达140以上.同时,在免疫后6周用人HCV阳性血清攻击猴子,免疫PCX的猴子出现一过性ALT升高,在攻击后三周内用RT-PCR检测到猴血清内HCV的RNA阳性.结果表明,免疫多表位的PCX蛋白可以诱导机体产生高水平的免疫应答.     

携带HCV核心蛋白原核表达质粒与真核表达质粒的减毒伤寒沙门菌诱导小鼠免疫应答之比较

丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）核心蛋白是丙肝疫苗的重要候选抗原,然而,该蛋白因具有免疫调控作用而影响免疫应答的诱导。构建了HCV核心蛋白的两种表达质粒,一种是体内激活型原核表达质粒pZW-C,另一种是真核表达质粒pCI-C。将该两种质粒转化减毒鼠伤寒沙门菌SL7207,得到重组菌SL7207/pZW-C和SL7207/pCI-C,分别将重组菌口服接种小鼠,检测小鼠的免疫应答,结果发现：① SL7207/pCI-C免疫鼠的CD3⁺CD4⁺ T细胞持续降低,而SL7207/pZW-C免疫鼠的CD3⁺CD4⁺ T细胞无明显改变;② SL7207/pCI-C免疫只诱导低水平抗HCV核心蛋白抗体,加强免疫对抗体阳转率及抗体水平无明显影响,而SL7207/pZW-C免疫组所有小鼠均产生较高水平的抗核心蛋白抗体。③ SL7207/pCI-C免疫鼠脾细胞的体外增殖活性、细胞毒性T细胞活性以及加强免疫对细胞免疫应答的增强作用均明显不及SL7207/pZW-C免疫鼠。结果提示：携带真核表达质粒pCI-C的沙门菌因在小鼠细胞内表达天然形式（结构以及磷酸化修饰）的HCV核心蛋白,可能通过对T细胞的免疫抑制作用而弱化免疫应答。而以携带原核表达质粒pZW-C的沙门菌免疫可避免这一问题,并具有接种方便,成本低廉等优点,从而可望作为基于HCV核心蛋白为靶抗原的HCV疫苗的候选免疫方式。     

HCV/HBV复合抗原基因的克隆、表达及免疫应答研究

为探讨ＨＣＶ／ＨＢＶ 复合疫苗的可行性,将合成的丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）复合多表位抗原基因ＰＣＸ与ＨＢｓＡｇ 基因连接成ＰＣＸＳ基因,与β－半乳糖苷酶（ＧＺ）基因融合后在大肠杆菌及减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌中获得表达．目的蛋白ＧＺ－ＰＣＸＳ可被抗－ＨＢｓ 及抗－ＨＣＶ 抗体所特异识别．ＧＺ－ＰＣＸＳ抗原皮下注射免疫ＩＣＲ小鼠后,诱发了较高水平的抗－ＧＺ－ＰＣＸＳＩｇＧ反应．构建的重组减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌ＳＬ３２６１（ｐＷＲ／ＰＣＸＳ）口服免疫小鼠后,诱发了高水平的ＣＤ８＋ Ｔ细胞增殖反应及抗ＧＺ－ＰＣＸＳＩｇＧ反应．所有免疫小鼠均未见明显的毒副作用．该研究揭示,ＨＣＶ／ＨＢＶ 复合抗原可诱发特异性体液免疫及细胞免疫应答,而活菌苗口服可能是理想的免疫途径,为ＨＣＶ／ＨＢＶ 双价疫苗研究提供了一定的理论及实验依据．     

重组大肠杆菌菌蜕与幽门螺杆菌蛋白质疫苗协同免疫BALB/c小鼠

目的:考察重组菌蜕和蛋白质疫苗混合后对BAB/c小鼠机体免疫反应的影响。方法:首先构建展示尿素酶B抗原表位的大肠杆菌菌蜕,同时通过融合PCR构建分子内佐剂蛋白质疫苗rLTBKAT,然后分别利用该菌蜕和蛋白质疫苗免疫BAB/c小鼠。结果:当rLTBKAT和重组菌蜕联合口服免疫BAB/c小鼠时,其抗尿素酶B抗体的效价由单独免疫时的1∶(239±23)提高到1∶(681±76),二者差异极显著(P=0.009);而其抗过氧化氢酶抗体的效价则由单独免疫时的1∶(2800±275)下降至1∶(1800±400),二者差异不显著(P=0.08)。抗体分型试验表明,单独和联合免疫时,其抗尿素酶B抗体类型均以IgG1为主,而抗过氧化氢酶抗体类型则由单独免疫时的IgG1为主转变为联合免疫时的IgG2a为主。联合免疫时,小鼠抗尿素酶B和抗过氧化氢酶IgA抗体水平均高于单独免疫时。结论:重组菌蜕和蛋白质疫苗联合免疫,可提高机体对某些抗原的免疫水平或改变其反应类型。     

家犬用狂犬病口服基因工程疫苗的研究初探

中国的狂犬病主要由农村家犬通过咬伤传染所致,为了研制高效实用的家犬用狂犬病口服基因工程疫苗,本研究把狂犬病病毒G蛋白基因插入真核表达质粒pIRESneo,构建重组表达质粒pIRESneo-G,转化入鼠伤寒减毒沙门氏菌SL3261,构建重组口服疫苗SL3261-pIRESneo-G。通过口服免疫小鼠,检测免疫血清中和抗体水平及其病毒保护效果。结果显示,经小鼠口服免疫接种一次后第三周能产生高水平的中和抗体水平,达到WHO要求的0.5 IU/mL;免疫小鼠经肌肉注射100 LD50/0.03 m L的野毒株GX074后获56%保护效果。     

用体内激活的启动子调控HCV核心抗原表达可增强重组鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的免疫原性

为提高抗原表达质粒在重组伤寒沙门氏菌中的稳定性以增强重组伤寒沙门氏菌诱导的免疫应答 ,克隆鼠伤寒沙门氏菌pagC基因启动子 ,以其为转录调控元件构建HCV核心抗原表达质粒 ,转化到减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌中。体外培养时 ,Mg2 能够剂量依赖性抑制该重组菌表达HCV核心抗原。将该重组菌和组成性表达的重组菌分别口服接种BALB/c小鼠 ,观察质粒的稳定性和小鼠的免疫应答。结果表明 ,体内激活的pagC基因启动子能明显提高质粒在重组鼠伤寒沙门氏菌中的稳定性和增强重组菌诱导的体液和细胞免疫应答 ,这为发展高效免疫、成本低廉的口服丙肝疫苗提供了一个新思路     

携带TGEV DNA疫苗减毒沙门氏菌的构建及安全性与免疫性分析

【目的】探讨以减毒沙门氏菌为载体,进行TGEV DNA疫苗口服免疫可行性。【方法】通过RT-PCR扩增TGEV四川株（SC-H）S基因5’端约2.1 kb的主要抗原位点片段,将其插入真核表达载体pVAX1,构建重组质粒pVAX-S,体外转染COS7细胞,间接免疫荧光检测S基因表达。通过电转化将pVAX-S转入减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌SL7207,构建SL7207（pVAX-S）重组菌,并在体外感染小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,以RT-PCR、间接免疫荧光检测细胞内S基因的转录与表达情况。将SL7207（pVAX-S）重组菌以5×108、1×109、2×109CFU剂量口服接种BALB/c小鼠,分析其安全性,并以1×109CFU剂量的重组菌3次免疫BALB/c小鼠,通过间接ELISA检测免疫小鼠的血清IgG与肠道粘膜IgA抗体。【结果】成功构建重组质粒pVAX-S,且重组质粒能在COS7细胞中表达。重组菌SL7207（pVAX-S）感染巨噬细胞后检测到目的基因的转录、表达。小鼠口服接种不同剂量重组菌,具有良好的安全性。免疫小鼠于二免后两周可检测到针对TGEV S蛋白的特异性血清IgG与肠道粘膜IgA抗体,且三免后两周与SL7207（pVAX1）空载体免疫组间分别存在显著性差异（P<0.05）和极显著性差异（P<0.01）。【结论】携带TGEV DNA疫苗的减毒沙门氏菌小鼠试验显示了良好的免疫原性与安全性。     

Oral Salmonella typhimurium (AroA-) vaccine expressing a major leishmanial surface protein (gp63) preferentially induces T helper 1 cells and protective immunity against leishmaniasis

The gp63 gene of Leishmania major was transformed into the AroA- vaccine strain of Salmonella typhimurium (SL3261). The construct (SL3261-gp63), which stably expresses the gp63 Ag in vitro, was used to immunize CBA mice by the oral route. Spleen cells from mice inoculated with SL3261-gp63 developed antibody and proliferative T cell response to L. major. They did not express detectable delayed-type hypersensitivity reactivity. The activated T cells are mainly CD4+ and secrete IL-2 and IFN-gamma but no IL-4. The orally immunized mice developed significant resistance against a challenge L. major infection. We have, therefore, demonstrated the feasibility of oral vaccination against leishmaniasis and that the oral route of antigen delivery via the heterologous carrier may preferentially induce Th1 subsets of CD4+ cells.     

减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌全长hpaA基因工程菌的构建

为构建表达HpaA蛋白的重组减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 ,并探讨以减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌为载体构建H .pylori疫苗株的意义 ,应用PCR法从H .pylori基因组DNA中扩增 783bp的hpaA基因 ,经酶切 连接反应将其克隆入原核表达质粒pTrc99A的NcoⅠ SalⅠ位点 ,并进行了核苷酸序列测定。重组质粒转化减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌SL3 2 6 1 ,提取重组菌质粒 ,PCR和酶切鉴定 ,筛选阳性克隆。用SDS PAGE电泳和Westernblot进行HpaA表达分析和鉴定 ,用薄层扫描分析HpaA含量。重组菌C5 7BL 6小鼠喂灌 ,分批两d和 1 0d后处死小鼠 ,取脾和末段回肠进行细菌培养 ,挑菌落提质粒鉴定。结果表明 ,经PCR和酶切证实 ,构建了含 783bphpaA基因的重组原核表达质粒 ,并将后者成功转化了减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌。重组菌能表达约3 0kDHpaA蛋白 ,重组HpaA量约占全菌体蛋白量的 3 8 9% ,Westernblot证实其有免疫反应性。小鼠重组菌喂灌两d或 1 0d后 ,脾和末段回肠均发现携目的基因的菌落。这些结果提示 ,构建了表达H .pyloriHpaA的重组减毒…     

A Salmonella typhimurium htrA live vaccine expressing multiple copies of a peptide comprising amino acids 8–23 of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D as a genetic fusion to tetanus toxin fragment C protects mice from herpes simplex virus infection

Multiple tandem copies of an immunogenic epitope comprising amino acids 8–23 of glycoprotein D of herpes simplex virus (HSV) were expressed as C-terminal fusions to tetanus toxin fragment C (TetC) in different Salmonella typhimurium live vaccine strains. Expression of the longer fusions was best in strains harbouring a lesion in htrA , a stress protein gene. SL3261, an aroA strain, did not effectively express the longer fusions. Mice immunised with an S. typhimurium C5 htrA mutant expressing fusions with two or four copies of the peptide made an antibody response to both the peptide and TetC, whereas constructs expressing one copy of the peptide only elicited antibody to TetC. A non-immunogenic octameric fusion underwent rearrangements in vivo resulting in a predominantly monomeric fusion. In contrast, the S. typhimurium SL3261 aroA vaccine expressing the TetC-tetrameric fusion did not elicit antibody to the peptide. Sera from mice immunised with a single dose of the dimer and tetramer fusions in the htrA strain neutralised HSV in vitro , and the mice were protected from HSV infection as measured by a reduction in virus load in the ear pinna. We have previously shown that mice vaccinated with salmonella expressing TetC are protected against tetanus toxin and virulent salmonella challenge. These results suggest that it may be possible to develop a multivalent vaccine against salmonellosis, tetanus and HSV.     

染色体整合系统在多价疫苗构建中的应用研究

通过同源重组将编码异源抗原的DNA整合到减毒的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的染色体上,获得了表达霍乱毒素B亚单位（CTB）的双价活疫苗候选株。该系统包括两个步骤：首先将GisOG缺失突变的DNA片段整合进鼠伤寒沙门氏菌疫苗候选株SL3261的染色体上,得到His营养缺陷型。然后,用带有CTB抗原基因的完整HisOGDNA片段置换HisOG缺失的DNA片段,获得表达CTB的His回复的SL3261菌株（命名为TT201）。Southern杂交证明,TT201菌株的染色体带有CTB抗原基因。Westernblot分析表明,TT201菌株能表达CTB,且具有很好的稳定性。用重组菌株口服免疫接种小鼠,能够激发抗CTB抗体的产生。TT201菌株是一种潜在的双价疫苗候选株。     

Antibody responses against flagellin in mice orally immunized with attenuated Salmonella vaccine strains

Salmonella fIagellin has been repeatedly used as a carrier for heterologous peptide epitopes either as a parenterally delivered purified antigen or as a parenterally/orally-administered, flagellated, live, attenuated vaccine. Nonetheless, the ability to induce specific antibody responses against the flagellin moiety, fused or not with heterologous peptide, has not usually been reported in mice orally inoculated with a live, attenuated, flagellated Salmonella strain. In this work we evaluated the immunogenicity of flagellin in mice following oral inoculation with an aroA Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin SL5929 strain, which expressed plasmid-encoded recombinant hybrid flagellin fused to the CTP3 epitope (amino acids 50–64) of cholera toxin B-subunit. In contrast to parenterally immunized mice, no significant CTP3- or flagellin-specific antibody responses either in sera (IgG) or feces (IgA) were detected following repeated oral delivery of the recombinant Salmonella strain to C57BL/6 mice. Similarly, flagellin-specific antibody responses were also not detected in mice immunized with strain SL5930, which expressed a nonhybrid flagellin. The lack of flagellin-specific antibody responses was not associated with deficient Peyer patch colonization or spleen invasion. Moreover, stabilization of the flagellin-coding gene by integration into the host chromosome did not significantly improve flagellin-specific antibody responses following administration by the oral route. Taken together, these results suggest that flagellin does not represent an efficient peptide carrier for activation of antibody responses in mice orally immunized with live, attenuated Salmonella strains. Received: 29 December 1998 / Accepted: 3 May 1999     

Characterisation and in vivo behaviour of a Salmonella typhimurium aroA strain expressing Escherichia coli K1 polysaccharide

Abstract Plasmid pKT274 encoding a determinant for the Escherichia coli K1 polysaccharide was introduced into the Salmonella typhimurium aro A vaccine strain SL3261 and cells harbouring the plasmid were shown to express K1 polysaccharide at their cell surface. SL3261 (pKT274) could be detected in the livers and spleens of BALB/c mice infected by the intravenous route and viable organisms persisted for several weeks. SL3261 (pKT274) was cleared from the livers more rapidly and from the spleens more slowly than SL3261. Unlike mice infected with SL3261 those infected with SL3261 (pKT274) did not exhibit gross splenomegaly during the first three weeks after infection. Mice vaccinated with viable SL3261 (pKT274) were protected against challenge with virulent S. typhimurium but failed to produce detectable levels of humoral anti-K1 polysaccharide antibodies.     

Construction and characterization of an HCV-derived multi-epitope peptide antigen containing B-cell HVR1 mimotopes and T-cell conserved epitopes

Hepatitis C (HCV) genome is highly variable, particularly in the hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of its E2 envelope gene. The variability of HCV genome has been a major obstacle for developing HCV vaccines. Due to B-cell HVR1 mimotopes mimicking the antigenicity of natural HVR1 epitopes and some T-cell epitopes from the consensus sequence of HCV genes conserving among the different HCV genotypes, we synthesized an minigene of HCV-derived multi-epitope peptide antigen (CMEP), which contains 9 B-cell HVR1 mimotopes in E2, 2 conserved CTL epitopes in C, 1 conserved CTL epitope in NS3 and 1 conserved Th epitope in NS3. This minigene was cloned into a GST expression vector to generate a fusion protein GST-CMEP. The immunogenic properties of CEMP were characterized by HCV infected patients’ sera, and found that the reactivity frequency reached 75%. The cross reactivity of anti-CEMP antibody with different natural HVR1 variants was up to 90%. Meanwhile, we constructed an HCV DNA vaccine candidate, plasmid pVAX1.0-st-CMEP carrying the recombinant gene (st) of a secretion signal peptide and PADRE universal Th cell epitope sequence in front of the CMEP minigene. Immunization of rabbits with pVAX1.0-st-CMEP resulted in the production of antibody, which was of the same cross reactivity as the fusion protein GST-CMEP. Our findings indicate that the HCV-derived multi-epitope peptide antigen in some degree possessed the characteristics of neutralizing HCV epitopes, and would be of the value as a candidate for the development of HCV vaccines.     

Construction and characterization of an HCV-derived multi-epitope peptide antigen containing B-cell HVR1 mimotopes and T-cell conserved epitopes

Hepatitis C(HCV) genome is highly variable,particularly in the hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of its E2 envelope gene.The variability of HCV genome has been a major obstacle for de-veloping HCV vaccines.Due to B-cell HVR1 mimotopes mimicking the antigenicity of natural HVR1 epitopes and some T-cell epitopes from the consensus sequence of HCV genes conserving among the different HCV genotypes,we synthesized an minigene of HCV-derived multi-epitope peptide an-tigen(CMEP) ,which contains 9 B-cell HVR1 mimotopes in E2,2 conserved CTL epitopes in C,1 conserved CTL epitope in NS3 and 1 conserved Th epitope in NS3.This minigene was cloned into a GST expression vector to generate a fusion protein GST-CMEP.The immunogenic properties of CEMP were characterized by HCV infected patients' sera,and found that the reactivity frequency reached 75%.The cross reactivity of anti-CEMP antibody with different natural HVR1 variants was up to 90%.Meanwhile,we constructed an HCV DNA vaccine candidate,plasmid pVAX1.0-st-CMEP carrying the recombinant gene(st) of a secretion signal peptide and PADRE universal Th cell epitope sequence in front of the CMEP minigene.Immunization of rabbits with pVAX1.0-st-CMEP resulted in the production of antibody,which was of the same cross reactivity as the fusion protein GST-CMEP.Our findings indicate that the HCV-derived multi-epitope peptide antigen in some degree possessed the characteristics of neutralizing HCV epitopes,and would be of the value as a candidate for the development of HCV vaccines.