耐热碱性磷酸酯酶的基因克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

以pUC118质粒为载体,以E.coil TGl为受体,构建了产耐热碱性磷酸酯酶(FD-TAP)的菌株Thermus sp.FD3041的染色体基因文库。在包含1.2万个转化子的文库中,90％的转化子插入有3～10kb的外源DNA片段。用菌落原位碱性磷酸酯酶显色法从文库中筛选到5个阳性克隆。对其中的1个克隆(pTAP362)所产的TAP进行了研究,发现克隆的TAP与出发菌株所产的TAP的热稳定性、最适反应温度和最适pH等性质都相同。通过做物理图谱和测定部分缺失的质粒的TAP活性,将TAP基因定位于2kb的BamHⅠ-HindⅢ DNA片段上。模拟PCR实验表明该酶可用于PCR扩增产物的检出。     

TTF-1相关蛋白26磷酸化位点突变体的构建

目的制备TTF-1相关蛋白26（TAP26）的3个磷酸化位点（S48,S66和T219）的突变体（TAP26（S48→A48）、TAP26（S66→A66）和TAP26（T219→V219））。方法采用定点诱变PCR技术,分别突变掉TAP26的3个磷酸化位点（S48,S66和T219）,并获得TAP26的3个相应突变体。结果DNA序列分析结果显示TAP26的3个突变体序列正确。结论通过定点诱变PCR技术,成功构建了TAP26的3个突变体。     

耐热碱性磷酸酶功能结构域的进一步定位

为了进一步精确定位耐热碱性磷酸酶 (TAP)的功能结构域和建立酶功能结构域定位的有效方法 ,在对TAP进行序列相容性比对及二级结构统计预测的基础上 ,以二级结构单元的完整性为依据对其功能结构域进行定位 .TAP的功能结构域在 35～ 4 76氨基酸之间 ,记为TAPN3 4C2 5(TAP的N端去掉 34个氨基酸而C端去掉 2 5个氨基酸 ) ,比盛小禹等定位的少 15个氨基酸 .克隆、表达实验结果证明了TAPN3 4C2 5的酶学活性 ,其最适反应温度为 72℃ ,比TAPND2 7(N端去除了 2 7个信号肽氨基酸的TAP)上升了 7℃ ,而最高耐受温度为 83℃ ,比TAPND2 7下降了 16℃ .实验结果表明 ,以二级结构预测结果进行酶功能结构域定位是一种更为精确的方法 .     

FABP5基因重组突变体蛋白抗前列腺癌细胞活性分析

为构建脂肪酸结合蛋白5 (FABP5)突变体的原核表达体系,评价突变体蛋白质体外抗前列腺癌细胞的活性.利用定点突变技术,突变FABP5蛋白脂肪酸结合的3个关键位点,并构建原核表达体系,对重组蛋白质进行原核表达、分离纯化.通过细胞毒性、细胞划痕和细胞侵袭试验,评价重组FABP5突变体蛋白质对前列腺癌细胞22RV1和PC3增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响.结果 显示定点突变后的DNA与表达载体pQE32连接并转入大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) BL21(DE3),经序列测定正确,构建了重组表达工程菌,并诱导表达的重组蛋白经亲和层析纯化获得纯度较高的重组蛋白;三突变体对细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭抑制作用比3个单突变体和3个双突变体抑制效果明显;单突变体和双突变体组内对细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭抑制作用差异较小;而野生型重组蛋白质对两株细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭具有促进作用.本研究从所有突变体中筛选出FABP5的三突变体重组蛋白质对前列腺癌细胞抑制作用较好,为后续开发去势抵抗性前列腺癌(CRPC)蛋白质药物提供参考.     

α-葡萄糖苷酶三维结构的同源模建与分子设计

目的:该文预测了来源于嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌(Bacillus stearothermophilus)ATCC 12016编码α-葡萄糖苷酶序列的三维结构,设计突变位点,构建突变体模型,并对预测三维结构与突变体进行了评估与分析.方法:分析了α-葡萄糖苷酶的核酸序列与蛋白序列,确定了α-葡萄糖苷酶蛋白序列的同源性与保守区特征;利用来源于蜡状芽胞杆菌(Bacillus cereus)ATCC 7064寡聚-1,6-葡萄糖苷酶三维蛋白结构作为模板,同时基于同源模建方法对α-葡萄糖苷酶序列的三维结构与突变突变体模型进行了结构预测.结果:对预测的三维结构与突变体进行评估与分析,表明预测与设计的结构达到合理化标准.结论:基于以上研究结果,构建α-葡萄糖苷酶的三维结构模型是合理的,为蛋白质工程应用建立了理论研究平台.     

TLR序列在SRP54蛋白与SRPRNA和信号肽结合中的作用

SRP54蛋白是信号识别颗粒(signal recognition particle)的一个关键组分.对人SRP54蛋白328～330位的TLR3个氨基酸进行人工诱变,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)pLysS中表达了A3突变体,并对A3突变体进行纯化和Superdex75凝胶过滤分析.观察到A3突变体丧失了与SRPRNA结合的能力,其自身也不能形成二聚体.结果证明,TLR这3个氨基酸残基与二聚体结构的形成有关,TLR是SRP54蛋白结合SRPRNA和新生蛋白质信号肽所必需的关键性氨基酸序列.     

理性设计盐桥构建伯克霍尔德菌脂肪酶热稳定突变体

【目的】借助蛋白质工程技术提高伯克霍尔德菌ZYB002脂肪酶LipA的热稳定性,以期更好地将其应用于工业生产中。【方法】利用YASARA、Fold X、Rosetta、Gromacs等生物信息学软件,构建1个脂肪酶Lip A的热稳定性提高的微型突变体电子文库;通过对突变体的结构信息和自由能变化进行评估,筛选出潜在的有价值的突变体。继而利用基因定点突变技术,构建上述候选突变体的突变基因文库,通过实验筛选出热稳定性提高的脂肪酶LipA突变体。【结果】利用上述方法,从构建的20个脂肪酶LipA突变体中,筛选到热稳定性有显著提高的3个突变体LipA-Asn~(125)Asp、LipA-Asn~(125)Glu和LipA-Gln~(262)Glu。经55°C处理12 min后,上述3个突变体的T1250值较野生型分别提高4.0°C、5.5°C和4.4°C;在55°C下的半衰期较野生型分别提高了2.2倍、3.8倍和2.6倍。【结论】利用生物信息学软件,构建脂肪酶LipA突变体电子文库,结合蛋白质的结构信息,可以快速筛选到热稳定性提高的脂肪酶LipA突变体。     

抗HBsAg-碱性磷酸酶双功能抗体分子的构建

为构建带有碱性磷酸酶活性的双功能基因工程抗体, 用PCR方法克隆大肠杆菌碱性磷酸酶基因, 通过酶切分析和DNA序列测定核实后,将其重组到抗乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg) Fab段的Fd羧基端,构建重组融合蛋白表达载体pHBFAP, 转化大肠杆菌XL1-Blue, 经异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷诱导表达后, 采用ELISA法检测到培养上清中存在与HBsAg的结合活性和碱性磷酸酶的催化活性, 显示抗HBsAg-碱性磷酸酶双功能抗体分子在大肠杆菌中获得了表达.     

受体型蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶PCP-2与β-catenin相互作用的结构基础

PCP-2是MAM型受体型蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶亚家族的新成员. 为研究PCP-2与β-catenin相互作用的结构基础, 构建了PCP-2胞内区各结构域的缺失突变体, 将其及野生型PCP-2分别与β-catenin共转染至BHK-21细胞, 采用免疫共沉淀和Western 印迹分析PCP-2与β-catenin相互作用的结构基础. 结果表明, 在野生型PCP-2及上述缺失突变体中, 除PCP-2 EXT (缺失包括近膜区在内的整个胞内区的PCP-2)外, 野生型PCP-2, 缺失胞内区两个磷酸酶结构域的PCP-2 (PCP-2DC1C2)及缺失胞内区第2个磷酸酶结构域的PCP-2 (PCP-2DC2)均能与抗β-catenin CT抗体发生免疫共沉淀. 提示PCP-2与β-catenin通过直接结合发生相互作用, 且PCP-2的近膜区是PCP-2与β-catenin结合所必需的结构基础, 它介导二者结合.     

DRSP:蛋白质单残基替换结构数据库（英文）

蛋白质残基替换是基因突变的产物之一,它可能改变蛋白质三维结构,对其生物学功能产生重大影响,因此研究蛋白质残基替换与结构改变的关系具有重要意义.随着实验解析蛋白质结构的数量迅猛增长,越来越多的野生型-突变体被应用于结构生物学的比较研究中.本研究从蛋白质三维结构数据库(PDB)出发,收集和计算了大量结构特征数据,构建了一个目前已知最大的野生型-突变体(单残基差异)的结构对数据库DRSP,展示出氨基酸类型和主链偏好性对结构保守性的相关性.DRSP的开放使用可为高精度的蛋白质结构分析预测提供有用信息,它的数据库网址是http://www.labshare.cn/drsp/index.php.     

信号肽去除的耐热碱性磷酸酯酶FD-TAP在大肠杆菌中的亚克隆和高表达

通过计算机辅助分析,发现在耐热碱性磷酸酯酶（简称ＦＤ－ＴＡＰ）的Ｎ端存在２６个氨基酸的信号肽序列。但一般信号肽切点并非是完全专一的,所以利用基因工程手段将ＦＤ－ＴＡＰ的Ｎ端分别缺失２４、２５、２６和２７个氨基酸,得到了Ｎ端分别缺失２４、２５、２６和２７个氨基酸的克隆子ｐＴＡＰＮＤ２４、ｐＴＡＰＮＤ２５、ｐＴＡＰＮＤ２６和ｐＴＡＰＮＤ２７。考虑到这样的无隆子其翻译起始区所形成的能量较低结构稳定的二组     

耐热碱性磷酸酶突变体耐热性变化机理研究

从耐热碱性磷酸酶（TAP）200多个随机突变体的克隆库中选出耐热性明显下降的4株突变体,进行全序列及表达产物的最高耐受温度和最适反应温度测定和酶分子高级结构的模拟,分析突变位点、高级结构和耐热性表现三者的关系,探讨引起耐热性变化的机理。结构模拟显示所有突变位点都仅能引起细微的、局部的结构变化,除T320→I外都未直接触及酶的活性中心;结构上的细微改变虽然对最适反应温度影响不明显,但却使最高耐受温度降低了10℃左右;T320→I靠近酶的活性中心,尽管未能引起结构的较大变化,但却使最高耐受温度和最适反应温度同时显著降低。可见,多数点突变对高级结构的影响都不剧烈,但对耐热性尤其是最高耐受温度的影响却比较明显,一般地,在非活性区的突变通常只能引起最高耐受温度的降低,靠近活性区的突变则能同时引起最适反应温度和最高耐受温度的降低。     

一个耐热碱性磷酸酯酶突变型的研究

为了进一步揭示蛋白质的耐热机制,对含有耐热碱性磷酸酯酶（ＦＤ－ＴＡＰ）的表达质粒ｐＴＡＰ５０３Ｆ进行了随机诱变,用菌落原位显色法从约５０００个转化子中筛选到４个耐热性下降的突变型克隆,并对其中１克隆（ＴＡＰＭ３）进行了部分酶学性质、ＤＮＡ和氨基酸序列的研究。酶学性质研究表明,与野生型相比,该突变型酶的耐热性有较大幅度的下降,而热激活性无明显改变。ＤＮＡ序列分析表明在１２３９位ＴＡＰＭ３发生Ｇ→Ａ转     

耐热碱性磷酸酯酶的功能结构域的定位

 为了确定耐热碱性磷酸酯酶 (TAPND2 7)发挥活性所必需的功能结构域 ,通过 PCR介导的诱变缺失 ,得到了 N端分别缺失 8、1 6、2 5个氨基酸的 3个缺失体 p TAPN8、p TAPN1 6和p TAPN2 5以及 C端分别缺失 1 0和 30个氨基酸的两个缺失体 p TAPC1 0和 p TAPC30 .经表达和活性测定 ,发现 p TAPN8和 TAPC1 0保持了较高的活性而其余 3个缺失体则失去酶活性 .据此 ,TAPND2 7的活性区域被定位在 8～ 465氨基酸之间 .在分离纯化的基础上测定了一些酶学性质 .发现 TAPN8和 TAPC1 0的比活没有大的改变 ,Tm 下降了 5.5℃ ;TAPN8的最适反应温度上升了1 0℃ .结果提示了 N端和 C端的这些氨基酸残基对热稳定性有一定的贡献 ,N端氨基酸残基还对酶的亲热性有贡献 .     

Structure-based engineering of alkaline α-amylase from alkaliphilic Alkalimonas amylolytica for improved thermostability

This study aimed to improve the thermostability of alkaline α-amylase from Alkalimonas amylolytica through structure-based rational design and systems engineering of its catalytic domain. Separate engineering strategies were used to increase alkaline α-amylase thermostability: (1) replace histidine residues with leucine to stabilize the least similar region in domain B, (2) change residues (glycine, proline, and glutamine) to stabilize the highly conserved α-helices in domain A, and (3) decrease the free energy of folding predicted by the PoPMuSiC program to stabilize the overall protein structure. A total of 15 single-site mutants were obtained, and four mutants — H209L, Q226V, N302W, and P477V — showed enhanced thermostability. Combinational mutations were subsequently introduced, and the best mutant was triple mutant H209L/Q226V/P477V. Its half-life at 60 °C was 3.8-fold of that of the wild type and displayed a 3.2 °C increase in melting temperature compared with that of the wild type. Interestingly, other biochemical properties of this mutant also improved: the optimum temperature increased from 50 °C to 55 °C, the optimum pH shifted from 9.5 to 10.0, the stable pH range expanded from 7.0–11.0 to 6.0–12.0, the specific activity increased by 24 %, and the catalytic efficiency (k _cat/K _m) increased from 1.8×10⁴ to 3.5?×?10⁴ l/(g min). Finally, the mechanisms responsible for the increased thermostability were analyzed through comparative analysis of structure models. The structure-based rational design and systems engineering strategies in this study may also improve the thermostability of other industrial enzymes.     

Enhanced thermostability of methyl parathion hydrolase from Ochrobactrum sp. M231 by rational engineering of a glycine to proline mutation

Protein thermostability can be increased by some glycine to proline mutations in a target protein. However, not all glycine to proline mutations can improve protein thermostability, and this method is suitable only at carefully selected mutation sites that can accommodate structural stabilization. In this study, homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations were used to select appropriate glycine to proline mutations to improve protein thermostability, and the effect of the selected mutations was proved by the experiments. The structure of methyl parathion hydrolase (MPH) from Ochrobactrum sp. M231 (Ochr-MPH) was constructed by homology modeling, and molecular dynamics simulations were performed on the modeled structure. A profile of the root mean square fluctuations of Ochr-MPH was calculated at the nanosecond timescale, and an eight-amino acid loop region (residues 186-193) was identified as having high conformational fluctuation. The two glycines nearest to this region were selected as mutation targets that might affect protein flexibility in the vicinity. The structures and conformational fluctuations of two single mutants (G194P and G198P) and one double mutant (G194P/G198P) were modeled and analyzed using molecular dynamics simulations. The results predicted that the mutant G194P had the decreased conformational fluctuation in the loop region and might increase the thermostability of Ochr-MPH. The thermostability and kinetic behavior of the wild-type and three mutant enzymes were measured. The results were consistent with the computational predictions, and the mutant G194P was found to have higher thermostability than the wild-type enzyme.     

Plasma membrane homing of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase under the influence of 3-hydrogenkwadaphnin, an antiproliferative agent from Dendrostellera lessertii

Several mammalian enzymes are anchored to the outer surface of the plasma membrane by a covalently attached glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) structure. These include acetylcholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase (AP) and 5'-nucleotidase among other enzymes. Recently, it has been reported that these membrane enzymes can be released into the serum by the GPI-dependent phospholipase D under various medical disturbances such as cancer and/or by chemical and physical manipulation of the biological systems. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with two consecutive effective concentrations of 3-hydrogenkwadaphnin (3-HK, 3 nM) for 48 h enhanced membrane AP activity by almost 330% along with a 40% reduction in the AP activity of the cell culture medium. In addition, our data indicate that 3-HK is capable of inducing mainly the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) isoenzyme, along with enhancing its thermostability. These findings, besides establishing a correlation between the antiproliferative activity of 3-HK and the extent of plasma membrane AP activity, might assist in the development of new diagnostic tools for following cancer medical treatments.     

Inorganic phosphate transport in Escherichia coli: involvement of two genes which play a role in alkaline phosphatase regulation

Two classes of alkaline phosphatase constitutive mutations which comprise the original phoS locus (genes phoS and phoT) on the Escherichia coli genome have been implicated in the regulation of alkaline phosphatase synthesis. When these mutations were introduced into a strain dependent on a single system, the pst system, for inorganic phosphate (P(i)) transport, profound changes in P(i) transport were observed. The phoT mutations led to a complete P(i) (-) phenotype in this background, and no activity of the pst system could be detected. The introduction of the phoS mutations changed the specificity of the pst system so that arsenate became growth inhibitory. Changes in the phosphate source led to changes in the levels of constitutive alkaline phosphatase synthesis found in phoS and phoT mutants. When glucose-6-phosphate or l-alpha-glycerophosphate was supplied as the sole source of phosphate, phoT mutants showed a 3- to 15- fold reduction in constitutive alkaline phosphatase synthesis when compared to the maximal levels found in limiting P(i) media. However, these levels were still 100 times greater than the basal level of alkaline phosphatase synthesized in wild-type strains under these conditions. The phoS mutants showed only a two- to threefold reduction when grown with organic phosphate sources. The properties of the phoT mutants selected on the basis of constitutive alkaline phosphatase synthesis were similar in many respects to those of pst mutants selected for resistance to growth inhibition caused by arsenate. It is suggested that the phoS and phoT genes are primarily involved in P(i) transport and, as a result of this function, play a role in the regulation of alkaline phosphatase synthesis.     

Modeling and analysis of the structure of the thermostable catechol 2,3-dioxygenase from Bacillus Stearothermophilus

The three-dimensional structure of thermostable catechol 2,3-dioxygenase(TC230) from Bacillus Stearothermophilus has been modeled basing on the known x-ray structure of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase(metapyrocatechase) from Pseudomonas putida mt-2, using computer graphics energy minimization techniques. The rationality of the resulting model was validated by Ramachandran plot and Profile-3D. The structure-functionally important residues, such as M++ binding residues and the substrate binding residues, were identified from the model. These residues are candidates for further site-directed mutagenesis experiments. The reason that the thermostability of TC230 is greater than metapyrocatechase(MPC) has been found, which may be due to the specific structure of the TC230 in the C-end mainly.