丙氨酸胁迫对拟南芥和烟草离体培养的影响

目的:筛选拟南芥和烟草种子离体培养的最佳培养基,并在最佳培养基下研究丙氨酸胁迫对其生长的影响.方法:在MS和1/2MS基本培养基中添加不同激素,筛选拟南芥和烟草种子的最适培养基配方,在最适培养基上加入不同浓度的D-和L-丙氨酸.结果与讨论:1/2NS不附加任何激素的基本培养基植株生长最好;D-丙氨酸对拟南芥生长有强烈抑制作用,L-丙氨酸则对生长无显著影响;D-型和L-型丙氨酸均对烟草有强烈抑制作用,这与经典的反馈抑制机理不很一致.     

植酸在水稻(Oryza sativa L.)细胞培养中的促进作用

植酸(C_6H_(18)O_(24)P_6)添加到固体和液体培养基中,能显著降低多酚氧化酶活性,稳定培养基中pH值和mV值,并能促进水稻细胞生长,增强细胞抗褐化和水渍化能力,从而改善细胞状态。在培养基中植酸的最佳添加量为0.1%,配合使用MES可以增强其稳定pH值的效果。     

愈伤组织导致的盐溶液pH值变化

培养基pH值对植物组织培养物生长有影响,对离体培养条件下花器分化的影响也有报告。培养基pH值的稳定有利于培养物的生长。因此,在进行基本培养基设计时,不仅要注意各种无机盐的浓度、配合比例,还应该注意所选用无机盐的生理酸、碱性,以及由此导致的pH值变化幅度。各种单盐溶液由于阴阳离子不等量吸收,而pH值变化,这在整体幼苗方面已有报告,     

环境激素DBP对拟南芥试管形态发生的影响

报道了酞酸酯类化合物DBP对拟南芥试管形态发生的影响。利用不同浓度的DBF处理拟南芥茎段外植体,切片观察拟南芥茎段试管形态发生过程中脱分化、分化及再分化的变化情况。结果发现：拟南芥茎段外植体在对照组培养基上生长良好,首先是愈伤组织产生,而后愈伤组织块增大,颜色呈淡绿色,生长旺盛,并有分化出芽现象;添加0．01mg／L、0．1mg／L和1．0mg／LDBP,茎段愈伤组织诱导率低,且高浓度时愈伤组织出现褐化、活力差的现象;培养12h、24h、2d、3d、7d、14d、21d和28d茎段显微切片结果显示,DBP具有抑制拟南芥试管形态发生的作用,随着DBP浓度的增加呈现剂量抑制效应。     

pH及氧气对白念珠菌菌丝形成的影响

目的探讨pH值和氧气对白念珠菌菌丝形成的影响。方法通过调节Muller—Hinton液体培养基的pH值和去除培养基中的氧气来观察白念珠菌的生长曲线、倍增时间和菌丝形成率的变化。结果在无氧气的液体培养基中,白念珠菌生长缓慢,不能产生菌丝结构,只有酵母细胞形成。生长曲线的延缓期内各组没有明显差异,而在生长的对数期pH3和pH4的条件下念珠菌生长速度明显慢于pH5、pH6、pH7、pH8和pH9。菌丝形成率在pH3、pH4和pH5条件下〈20％,而在pH6、pH7、pH8和pH9条件下可高达70％。结论厌氧条件抑制白念珠菌的菌丝形成,只形成酵母细胞。白念珠菌在pH3—9的范围内均能生长,偏酸性环境有利于白念珠菌酵母形成,偏碱性的环境有助于菌丝的形成。     

研究有机缓冲剂用于耐酸根瘤菌选择

五种缓冲剂对根瘤菌生长的酵母汁—阿拉伯糖—半乳糖培养基(YAG)低pH的缓冲作用进行了测定。30.7mM2[N-吗啉]乙醇磺酸(MES)具有维持pH(5.5或4.9)基本不变的缓冲能力,且根瘤菌数从10~(3-4)增加到10~9/ml.适用于耐酸的花生、大翼豆快生型根瘤菌选择。30mM的其它缓冲剂与慢生型根瘤菌的耐酸能力测定结果指出:苯甲酸(BA)pH6.0抑制根瘤菌生长;琥珀酸(SA)、柠檬酸(CA)pH变化较大;邻苯二甲酸氢钾(PHP)虽然在pH5.52条件下具有强的缓冲能力,且能区分菌株的生长差异,但在更低pH(4.5以下)条件下,则使根瘤菌生长受到抑制。     

蛋白质N-糖基化在拟南芥生长周期中的变化规律及去糖基化对根发育的影响

蛋白质N-糖基化修饰在植物生长发育中发挥重要作用。为探究蛋白质N-糖基化在拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)整个生长周期中的变化规律以及去N-糖基化对拟南芥生根发育的影响, 通过N-糖链酶解和HPLC与MALDI-TOF-MS分析解析了不同生长时期的拟南芥Col-0植株的N-糖链组成(结构和含量)变化。以BSA溶液为阴性对照, 无菌去离子水为空白对照, 用N-糖酰胺酶(PNGase Rz)溶液处理拟南芥幼苗8小时; 然后继续在MS培养基中培养5天、10天, 测量主根长度并检测N-糖链组成的变化。结果显示, 从拟南芥中解析出12种N-糖链结构, 其中包括4个高甘露糖型和8个复杂型。在拟南芥整个生长周期中, 复杂型N-糖链含量始终高于高甘露糖型, 其中含木糖和岩藻糖的复杂型结构是N-糖链的主要组成, 而Man3XylFucGlcNAc2含量最高。高甘露糖型N-糖链含量由幼苗期的13.87%缓慢上升至抽薹期的19.02%, 盛花期回落至17.98%, 而在长角果成熟期快速下降至最低点2.36%, 衰老期再度小幅回升至5.23%。用高浓度糖酰胺酶液PNGase Rz处理后, 可观察到幼苗主根生长受到显著抑制, 且培养10天后仍然无法恢复正常; 而低浓度酶液处理组与阴性对照组差异不显著, 根长和生长状态基本正常。糖链分析结果显示, 与对照组相比, 高、低浓度酶液处理组的N-糖链组成均发生显著变化, 主要表现为高甘露糖型含量显著低于空白对照组, 同时随生长时间的延长该差异逐渐减小, 最终消失。研究表明, 拟南芥N-糖基化组成随着生长发育发生周期性变化, 且去糖基化酶处理能够瞬时影响拟南芥蛋白质N-糖基化修饰, 进而抑制根的发育。     

某些外界因子对真姬菇菌丝体生长的影响

本文报道了不周培养基、温度、pH值和碳,氮源对真姬菇菌丝体生长影响的研究。结果表明:真姬菇能在多种培养基上生长,其中在麦芽膏蛋白胨培养基上生长最好,在PDA综合培养基上生长较差:菌丝体生长最适温度为20—25℃,10℃或30℃生长缓慢,35℃不生长;pH5—8均能生长,其中pH6.5—7.0最适宜;对不同碳、氮源的同化吸收各异,其中碳源以麦芽糖、氮源以蛋白胨最佳。     

PEX5参与调控拟南芥根系抗逆性的初步研究

以拟南芥过氧化物酶体生成蛋白突变体pex5和野生型为试验材料,初步研究PEX5对拟南芥根系抗逆性的影响。结果表明,在MS基础培养基中,突变体pex5的根长相较于野生型根长显著变短;同时,拟南芥pex5突变体株高也低于野生型,说明PEX5基因功能缺失影响了拟南芥根系和茎的生长。pex5突变体在添加氯化钠或甘露醇的MS培养基上培养时,萌发和根伸长受到的抑制显著高于野生型,突变体幼苗的SOD和POD活性也显著低于野生型,说明PEX5参与调控拟南芥根系的抗逆性。本研究为解析PEX5在植物抗逆中的调控机制提供了重要参考。     

N、P、K异质含量拟南芥试管苗的表型适应特性

以模式种拟南芥为试验材料,有别于自然环境下生长的拟南芥,借助于组织培养方法利用均匀设计对培养基中 KNO 3、NH 4 NO 3、KH 2 PO 4设置处理,探讨试管环境下拟南芥生长发育特性及对营养离子需求吸收特点,结果显示拟南芥本性地通过加强莲座叶与茎生叶的功能以增加生殖生长期的分枝数与苔高;生殖生长期影响试管苗茎生叶数、苔高的离子种类增多,离子的交互作用更加复杂。通过分析模式植物对 N、P、K 异质含量培养基的表型适应特点可推论同一植物在不同时期使用单一培养基是不合理的。     

拟南芥中4种细胞分裂素的高效液相色谱法测定

应用高效液相色谱法同时测定拟南芥中4种细胞分裂素组分玉米素(Z)、玉米素核苷(ZR)、6-r,r-二甲基烯丙基氨基嘌呤(2ip)和6-r,r-二甲基烯丙基氨基嘌呤核苷(2ipr)含量。结果表明,采用反相色谱柱Waters C₁₈柱(4.6×250 mm,5 μm),在35℃以乙腈和三乙胺缓冲液为流动相梯度洗脱,流速1 ml/min,在270 nm处能准确检测出拟南芥中4种细胞分裂素组分的含量,检测限达0.001 μg/ml。     

拟南芥春化相关基因VRN2的克隆及其植物表达载体的构建

本文利用特异性引物,从拟南芥RNA中提取春化相关基因VRN2 cDNA序列,GenBank登录号AY063047。该基因序列大小为1 354 bp,编码区为1 323 bp,编码氨基酸441个。将克隆片段插入中间载体pBPFΩ7,经PstI酶切回收带有P35S启动子和nos终止子片段,连接pBI121载体,构建VRN2基因的植物表达载体。     

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings secrete proteases from the roots and, after protein addition, grow well on medium without inorganic nitrogen

This paper reports on the role of proteases secreted by roots in nitrogen capture by plants. The study was conducted on aseptically cultivated wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum cv. Tacher) obtained from embryos isolated from grains. Seedlings were cultivated for 21 days on deionised water, Murashige Skoog medium (MS), MS without inorganic nitrogen (IN), and MS without IN, in which IN was replaced by casein (0.01%, 0.1% or 1%). Comparison of seedlings grown on these media showed that casein entirely compensated for the lack of inorganic nitrogen in the medium. Shoots and roots of seedlings cultivated on MS medium with this protein had higher fresh weight than those cultivated on MS medium without casein. The increase in fresh weight of seedlings was correlated with casein concentration and proteolytic activity in the medium. In conclusion, wheat that uses proteases secreted by the roots can directly utilise proteins in the medium as a source of nitrogen without prior digestion by microbial proteases and without protein mineralisation. These results suggest the important role of organic nitrogen fertilisers in increasing wheat yield.     

遮阴对石笔木苗木生长和保护酶活性的影响

为探讨石笔木Tutcheria championi苗木对遮阴环境的适应性,以全光照(无遮阴覆盖)为对照,研究遮阴30%、50%和70%对2年生石笔木苗生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明,全光照下石笔木苗木生长较为健壮,其苗高、地径生长优于遮阴处理;全光照下石笔木总生物量、根生物量比以及根冠比显著大于遮阴处理(P<0.05);50%遮阴处理苗木叶片叶绿素含量显著高于全光照和70%遮阴处理(P<0.05),叶绿素a/b值在各处理间无显著差异。丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在各处理间无显著差异(P>0.05);70%遮阴处理的苗木叶片过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性最高,显著高于全光照和50%遮阴。由此表明,充足的光照环境有利于石笔木苗木生长。     

南方红豆杉当年造林效果探讨

本文通过对南方红豆杉一年生苗不同等级与处理的造林效果分析,认为当年造林的幼树株高与地径有两个生长峰期,株高生长量第一个峰期大于第二个峰期,地径生长量第二个峰期大于第一个峰期。一级苗造林成活率高于二级苗,施基肥造林成活率和生长量都高于不施基肥,且影响幼树的冠形,幼树生长适宜温度为23~30℃。利用方差分析,建立株高与地径、侧枝数生长方程,为生长管理提供理论依据。     

Effects of red clover (Trifolium pratense) green manure and compost soil amendments on wild mustard (Brassica kaber) growth and incidence of disease

Using a soil bioassay technique, seedling growth and incidence of disease of wild mustard (Brassica kaber) and sweet corn (Zea mays) were assessed in soil from field plots that received either of two treatments: incorporated red clover (Trifolium pratense) residue plus application of compost (`amended soil'), or application of ammonium nitrate fertilizer (`unamended soil'). Soils were analyzed for percent moisture, dissolved organic carbon, conductivity, phenolics, and nutrient content. A trend toward greater incidence of Pythium spp. infection of wild mustard seedlings grown in amended soil was observed during the first 40 days after incorporation (DAI) of red clover and compost, with significant differences ( = 0.05) at two out of four sampling dates in 1997, and four out of four sampling dates in 1998. Incidence of Pythium infection was 10–70% greater in the amended soil treatment during that period. Asymptomatic wild mustard seedlings grown in amended soil were also on average 2.5 cm shorter ( = 0.05) at 5 DAI than those grown in unamended soil in one year out of two. Concentration of phenolic compounds in soil solution was weakly correlated with decreased shoot and root growth (r = 0.50, 0.28, respectively) and increased incidence of disease (r = 0.48) in wild mustard seedlings in one year out of two. Dissolved organic carbon concentration was weakly correlated with increased disease in wild mustard seedlings in both years (r = 0.51, 0.33, respectively). Growth of corn seedlings did not differ between the two soil treatments, suggesting that red clover green manure and compost may selectively reduce density and competitive ability of wild mustard in the field. Bioassay results corresponded well with emergence and shoot weight results from a related field study, indicating that this technique may be useful for screening potential soil treatments prior to field studies.     

6周不同强度间歇性运动对肥胖大鼠体成分的影响*

目的:探讨不同强度间歇性运动对肥胖大鼠身体机能影响,为肥胖症的防治提供依据。方法:80只SD大鼠随机分成普通膳食组(n=20)和高脂膳食组(n=60),适应性喂养8周后,筛选普通膳食大鼠8只和高脂膳食肥胖大鼠32只,用于后续实验。将实验大鼠随机分为5组(n=8):普通对照组(CS),普通饲料喂养,不做任何运动;高脂安静组(HS):高脂饲料喂养,不作任何运动;高脂持续运动组(HC):进行60 min/d×5天/周×6周;高脂长时间低频率间歇性运动组(HLL):进行30 min/次×2次/天(间歇6 h)×5天/周×6周;高脂短时间高频率间歇性运动组(HSH):进行20 min/次×3次/天(间歇3 h)×5天/周×6周,各运动组大鼠在跑台上训练强度均为25 m/min。6周后,各组大鼠称重、检测RMR、FBG、TG等生化指标,并测量体脂及肌肉重量。结果:实验前,各组大鼠之间RMR、FBG、TG指标无统计学差异(P＞0.05);HSH、HLL、HC、HS组体重均明显高于CS组(P＜0.05)。实验后,HSH、HLL、HC组RMR均明显高于HS、CS组(P＜0.05),但HSH、HLL、HC组之间无显著性差异(P＞0.05);HS组体重高于CS组(P＜0.05),HSH、HLL、HC组体重明显低于HS组(P＜0.05),但三组之间无显著性差异(P＞0.05);HSH、HLL、HC组之间PF、EF、PF/W、EF/W均明显低于HS组(P＜0.01),而三者之间无统计学差异(P＞0.05);各组大鼠GM、QF均无显著性差异(P＞0.05),HSH、HLL、HC组之间GM/W、QF/W高于HS组(P＜0.05),而HSH、HLL、HC组之间无显著性差异(P＞0.05);HSH、HLL、HC组FBG、TG均明显低于CS、HS组(P＜0.05),但与HS组差异更显著(P＜0.01),而各训练组之间无显著性差异(P＞0.05)。结论:6周不同强度间歇性运动对肥胖大鼠体成分产生了良好的干预效果,且短时间高频率间歇性运动(HSH)效果可能更好。     

Adaptations of the Photosynthetic Mechanism of Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) Seedlings Grown in Various Light Intensities

Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) seedlings were grown in a nursery for three years in 13, 25, 45 and 100 per cent of full daylight. During the third year of growth, the rates of their apparent photosynthesis and respiration were measured periodically with an infra-red gas analyzer at various light intensities and normal CO₂ concentration. In addition, the rates of apparent photosynthesis of a single attached leaf of the same seedlings were measured at saturating light intensity, hut varying CO₂ concentrations. An increase in the light intensity in which seedlings were grown had no effect on their height or mean leaf area, hut resulted in thicker leaves, an increase in the total leaf area per seedling due to an increase in the number of leaves, an increase in the dry weight especially of roots and a decrease in the chlorophyll content of leaves. Throughout the growing season seedlings grown in full daylight, as compared with those grown in lower light intensities, had the lowest rates of apparent photosynthesis measured at standard conditions (21,600 lux light intensity and 300 ul/l of CO₂), when this was expressed per unit leaf area, hut the highest rates on a per seedling basis. Thus dry matter production attained at the end of the growing season correlated positively with the photosynthetic rate per seedling, but not per unit leaf area. The rates of apparent photosynthesis of seedlings grown at lower light intensities were more responsive to changes in light intensity or CO₂ concentration than those of seedlings grown in full daylight intensity.     

丛枝菌根真菌对枳根净离子流及锌污染下枳苗矿质营养的影响

盆栽实验研究了不同施Zn水平(0、300 mg/kg和600 mg/kg)下,接种丛枝菌根真菌Glomus intraradices对枳苗生长、Zn、Cu、P、K、Ca、Mg分布的影响,并采用非损伤微测技术测定分析了菌根化与非菌根化枳根净Ca²⁺、H⁺、NO₃^-离子流动态。结果表明:(1)在不同施Zn水平下,接种菌根真菌显著提高了枳苗地上部及根部鲜重;随着施Zn水平的提高,菌根侵染率呈降低趋势,枳苗地上部与根部Zn含量呈增加趋势,且接种株根部Zn含量显著高于未接种株。(2)接种株未施Zn处理的地上部Cu、P、K、Mg和根部Cu含量、施600 mg/kg Zn处理的根部Cu及施300 mg/kg Zn处理的根部P含量均显著高于对照,而菌根真菌侵染对枳苗Ca含量并无显著性影响。(3)接种株未施Zn处理的根部距根尖端0 μm和600 μm处净Ca²⁺流出速率、600 μm处净H⁺流入速率、2400 μm处净NO₃^-流入速率均显著高于未接种株。